Rehabilitation Psychology最新文献

Purpose/objective: Not everyone who reports having a medical or psychiatric diagnosis self-identifies as disabled. However, many services and research instruments are framed for those who self-identify as disabled. It is important to understand the characteristics of individuals with impairments who do not self-identify as disabled to appropriately address this population. In this study, we explored whether adults with chronic conditions self-identified as disabled at different rates across demographic categories as well as whether there are differences between groups on antidisability prejudice and self-esteem.

Research method/design: Adults within the United States completed online surveys as part of a larger study. Of those who reported having chronic conditions, 286 self-identified as disabled, and 71 did not. We compared responses to demographic questions and attitudinal scales between these two groups using t tests, linear regressions, and binary logistic regressions.

Results: Participants who self-identified as disabled were more likely to be younger and have a higher socioeconomic status than those who did not self-identify as disabled. There were significant differences by gender, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, educational and employment status, political beliefs, and neurodivergent self-identification. When controlling for demographic variables, participants who self-identified as disabled reported lower self-esteem but no differences in antidisability prejudice compared with those who did not.

Conclusion/implications: Services and research instruments that only address people who self-identify as disabled may reach a different population as those with impairments who do not self-identify as disabled. Further research should be conducted regarding internalized ableism, disability identity, and self-esteem from a longitudinal perspective. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: Structural ableism is a system of macrolevel policies, laws, and cultural and social norms that become institutionalized and serve to devalue and discriminate against disabled people. In the United States, institutionalization was and is not only one of the major forms of violence disabled people faced but also one of the first ways disabled people were defined as a class-institutionalization helped shape how we understand disability and how disabled people were and are treated. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine institutionalization and structural ableism. More specifically, our first subaim was to examine the relationship between historical institutionalization and the institutionalization of disabled people today. Our second subaim was to explore the relationship between historical institutionalization and implicit disability bias in states today.

Research method/design: To explore these questions, we analyzed data from the 1860 U.S. Census about institutionalization, Medicaid data about institutionalization today (2022), and data about state implicit disability bias today (2004-2022).

Results: Our findings suggest that states that had more institutions in 1860 and institutionalized more disabled people in 1860 were correlated with higher rates of institutionalization today (2022). States that had more institutions in 1860 also appeared to have worse implicit disability attitudes today, centuries later.

Conclusion/implications: Structural ableism is a threat to the health, quality of life, and equity of disabled people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) have been underrepresented in rehabilitation research, resulting in a limited understanding of the long-term effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in this population. The current study bridges this gap by examining demographic and injury-related factors predicting life satisfaction trajectories over the first 10 years after TBI in AAPIs.

Research method/design: The sample consisted of 381 AAPI-identifying individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI who were enrolled in the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research-funded TBI Model Systems national study and had data for at least one Satisfaction with Life Scale total score at any time point (i.e., years 1, 2, 5, or 10). Hierarchical linear models examined baseline predictors of life satisfaction trajectories over the 10 years post-TBI and whether these predictors interacted with time.

Results: Overall, life satisfaction remained stable over time. Higher overall life satisfaction trajectories were seen among AAPIs who had been married at baseline, had higher educational attainment, had been employed at injury, had low annual earnings, and had no pre-TBI mental health treatment history. Nativity/country of birth was not a significant predictor of life satisfaction trajectories when controlling for other demographic factors. None of these predictors interacted with time, suggesting no differential change in life satisfaction as a function of these predictors.

Conclusions/implications: The findings provide valuable insights into culturally sensitive rehabilitation approaches for AAPIs with TBI by highlighting key risk and protective factors associated with long-term life satisfaction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: To date, only one "salary survey" has been published to depict state of the field information specifically for the specialty of rehabilitation psychology (Baker et al., 2022) Given workforce challenges identified since the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors initiated an updated survey to obtain comprehensive information regarding the current workforce. This study provides improved data on rehabilitation psychologists' demographics, geography, board certification, training, and salary information. The current article provides comparisons with the prior survey and discusses advocacy implications for the future of the specialty with respect to service, policy, payment, public impact, and protecting rehabilitation psychology.

Research method/design: Members of the American Psychological Association (APA) Division 22 Practice Committee designed, tested, and disseminated the survey via Division 22 membership email listserv. This resulted in a voluntary convenience sample of 295 responses, of which 285 were included in the final data analyses.

Results: Findings indicated that 81% of respondents were Division 22 members; most were women (76%), worked in hospitals/medical centers (64%), held PhD degrees (66%), worked in urban/suburban settings (97%), and had a traditional salary compensation structure (65%). Significant income differences were identified based on gender, age, degree, certification, years licensed, job title, and workplace setting. There were no significant differences found by race, disability, population served, or region.

Conclusions/implications: Inferences related to salary information, gender, race, ethnicity, workload, reimbursement issues, and implications for our current and future workforce, including the need for additional analyses of experiential information such as quality-of-life items, are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: The current study investigated the extent to which epilepsy comorbidity phenotypes (relatively healthy, posttraumatic stress disorder, polytrauma, bipolar/substance use disorder, chronic disease, and anxiety and depression) are associated with pain interference, sleep interference, and dissociative symptoms for post-9/11 Veterans with epilepsy (VWE).

Research method/design: A total of 482 veterans were recruited via postal mail with a final sample size of 423 veterans included for analysis, with 59 veterans removed due to incomplete data. Veterans were largely non-Hispanic White (85.80%) and predominantly female (54.80%). Three series of hierarchical blockwise regressions were conducted to test the predictive capability of the epilepsy phenotypes for pain interference, sleep interference, and dissociative symptoms while controlling for covariates (age, ethnicity, sex, traumatic brain injury severity, epilepsy interference, caregiver status, blast exposure, and warzone deployment).

Results: After adjusting for covariates, the posttraumatic stress disorder, polytrauma, and chronic disease phenotypes remained significant predictors of pain interference, and the polytrauma and bipolar/substance use disorder phenotypes remained significant predictors of sleep interference. No phenotype predicted dissociative symptoms in fully adjusted models. Critically, epilepsy interference was the single most consistent and strongest predictor across models (p < .001), accounting for the largest unique share of variance in pain, sleep, and dissociative symptom scores.

Conclusion/implications: Among VWE, some epilepsy phenotypes may account for independent risk beyond demographic and injury characteristics for pain and sleep interference. These findings underscore the importance of targeted assessment and intervention strategies tailored to specific comorbidity profiles in the management of pain and sleep difficulties among VWE. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: During COVID-19, issues related to Asian Americans have received increased media attention, which has negatively impacted Asian Americans with disabilities living in the United States. This study aimed to explore racial and disability identity development and intersectionality between these identities among Asian Americans with disabilities using a qualitative design.

Research method/design: The semistructured interview was conducted with 39 participants. Many of them self-identified as having a mental health disorder. Interview questions were developed to assess factors influencing their racial and disability identity development and how the intersectionality of these two identities influenced Asian Americans with disabilities. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes across multiple coding steps.

Results: Analyses yielded two themes related to disability identity development: (a) The Process of Disability Identity Development and (b) Stigma as a Barrier to Embracing Disability Identity, and two themes regarding racial identity development: (a) Cultural Connection and the Formation of Asian American Identity and (b) Social Barriers to Racial Identity Development. Subsequent subthemes were also identified. Additionally, meaningful shared experiences related to the intersectionality between disability and racial identities were identified. Participants reported significant family roles in both racial and disability identity development. Stigma toward disability and stereotypes toward Asians had a negative impact, while interactions with others with disabilities and having role models had a buffering effect on their identity development.

Conclusions/implications: Findings suggest service providers need to have a better understanding of intersecting identities among Asian Americans with disabilities and to develop interventions promoting self-advocacy skills and family participation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: The ability to perform intended actions after a delay or specific event reflects prospective memory (PM), a multiprocess involving episodic memory and attentional/executive functions. PM difficulties are common in Parkinson's disease patients, especially those with Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI). This study explores the efficacy of attention/executive function training on PM in PD-MCI patients using a combined immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) and Telemedicine approach. Research Methods/Design: Thirty PD-MCI patients were assessed on PM and attention-executive measures and randomly assigned to two groups: training (TR-C) or active placebo (AP-C). Training involved real-life scenarios with planning, shifting, and updating exercises, of increasing difficulty, in an immersive virtual environment. The AP-C group performed similar daily tasks with lower cognitive demands. All tasks were conducted remotely via telemedicine using iVR headsets. Outcome measures were collected at baseline (T0), post-training (T1, 4 weeks), and follow-up (T2, 2 months). A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was executed with Experimental Condition (TR-C vs. AP-C) as between factor and Time of Assessment (T0 vs. T1 and T2) and Task (prospective score and ongoing task) as within factor.

Results: A mixed ANOVA revealed that the training group improved on PM tasks versus placebo, with effects lasting at follow-up. However, no significant gains were observed in executive tasks, highlighting the greater multitasking demands of PM compared to selective executive tasks.

Conclusion/implications: The study demonstrates the efficacy of iVR and telemedicine in improving PM in PD-MCI patients, highlighting the potential of innovative cognitive interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: Disability identity is a multifaceted construct associated with important psychosocial outcomes, yet few psychometrically validated instruments exist to assess it comprehensively and parsimoniously. This study shortened the original Disability Identity Development Scale (DIDS) to create and validate the DIDS-Short Form to improve the feasibility and accessibility of measuring disability identity dimensions across diverse populations.

Research method/design: This study used DIDS data from two U.S.-based samples of disabled adults: one general disability sample (N = 409) and one transgender and gender-nonbinary (TGNB) disability sample (N = 289).

Results: An exploratory factor analysis on DIDS responses from half of the general sample suggested the retention of 17 items and three subscales: Disability Identification, Contributions to the Disability Community, and Values and Advocacy. Two separate confirmatory factor analyses on the 17 items from the remaining half of the general sample and the TGNB sample both suggested good model fit. Total and subscale scores were positively correlated with life satisfaction in general and TGNB samples, particularly the Disability Identification and Contributions to the Disability Community subscales, and internal consistency was adequate across the total and subscales scores (αs = .75-.94). Conclusion/Implications The DIDS-Short Form demonstrates strong psychometric properties and offers a practical tool for assessing disability identity in both research and clinical contexts. Its brevity and conceptual clarity make it well suited for use with diverse disabled populations, including TGNB individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: This study explores young people's unique experience of living with a parent with an acquired spinal cord injury. Despite the potential impact of acquired parental disability on children's lives, research studies on the experience are scarce.

Research method/design: Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze semistructured interviews with nine adolescents and young adults (13-22 years) recruited in 2021, via the National Rehabilitation Hospital in Ireland.

Results: Four main themes were identified: 1. The event and immediate aftermath, 2. Suppressing emotions and keeping the best side out, 3. Changes and continuities in family relationships and roles, and 4. Strengthening connection through open communication. Participants described feeling frightened and alone in the immediate aftermath of parental injury and highlighted the importance of support networks. The impact on adjustment of suppressing emotions to protect parents and preserve a public persona was identified. Role changes altered family dynamics and increased household responsibilities were experienced as challenging, whereas improvements in relationships were also reported. Opportunities for open communication throughout the developmental adjustment process were identified as a key factor in maintaining psychological wellbeing after a life-changing event.

Conclusion/implications: This study provides insight into the lived experience of parental disability in a small sample of white Irish participants. Although this sample may limit its generalizability, the study offers implications for healthcare professionals and families seeking to promote resilient adjustment in young people following the intrusion of spinal cord injury into family life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objectives: Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been shown to improve mental health and well-being in people with different medical conditions. However, whether it improves outcomes in chronic stroke populations is less clear, as few studies have examined the efficacy of MBSR in this population with a randomized controlled trial and an active control condition. Our study aimed to address this gap.

Research method/design: People with a history of chronic stroke (n = 59) participated in a randomized controlled trial of MBSR. They were randomly assigned to an online MBSR intervention or an online Brain Health Education intervention. Both interventions were matched on a number of variables, including schedule, instructor, and format. Participants were assessed pre-, post-, and 6 months postintervention using online questionnaires and an online neuropsychological battery.

Results: MBSR did not lead to improved anxiety F(2, 55) = 1.13, p = .321, η² = .01) or depression F(2, 68) = 0.53, p = .588, η² = .002) symptoms over time. Exploratory outcomes of cognitive functioning, physical health, and well-being also revealed no MBSR-specific improvements over time (ps > .318).

Conclusions/implications: People with a history of chronic stroke reported improved outcomes from participating in either intervention, providing support that both online MBSR and Brain Health Education interventions are feasible and low-cost interventions for this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).