Rehabilitation Psychology最新文献

Purpose/objective: This study explores young people's unique experience of living with a parent with an acquired spinal cord injury. Despite the potential impact of acquired parental disability on children's lives, research studies on the experience are scarce.

Research method/design: Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze semistructured interviews with nine adolescents and young adults (13-22 years) recruited in 2021, via the National Rehabilitation Hospital in Ireland.

Results: Four main themes were identified: 1. The event and immediate aftermath, 2. Suppressing emotions and keeping the best side out, 3. Changes and continuities in family relationships and roles, and 4. Strengthening connection through open communication. Participants described feeling frightened and alone in the immediate aftermath of parental injury and highlighted the importance of support networks. The impact on adjustment of suppressing emotions to protect parents and preserve a public persona was identified. Role changes altered family dynamics and increased household responsibilities were experienced as challenging, whereas improvements in relationships were also reported. Opportunities for open communication throughout the developmental adjustment process were identified as a key factor in maintaining psychological wellbeing after a life-changing event.

Conclusion/implications: This study provides insight into the lived experience of parental disability in a small sample of white Irish participants. Although this sample may limit its generalizability, the study offers implications for healthcare professionals and families seeking to promote resilient adjustment in young people following the intrusion of spinal cord injury into family life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objectives: Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been shown to improve mental health and well-being in people with different medical conditions. However, whether it improves outcomes in chronic stroke populations is less clear, as few studies have examined the efficacy of MBSR in this population with a randomized controlled trial and an active control condition. Our study aimed to address this gap.

Research method/design: People with a history of chronic stroke (n = 59) participated in a randomized controlled trial of MBSR. They were randomly assigned to an online MBSR intervention or an online Brain Health Education intervention. Both interventions were matched on a number of variables, including schedule, instructor, and format. Participants were assessed pre-, post-, and 6 months postintervention using online questionnaires and an online neuropsychological battery.

Results: MBSR did not lead to improved anxiety F(2, 55) = 1.13, p = .321, η² = .01) or depression F(2, 68) = 0.53, p = .588, η² = .002) symptoms over time. Exploratory outcomes of cognitive functioning, physical health, and well-being also revealed no MBSR-specific improvements over time (ps > .318).

Conclusions/implications: People with a history of chronic stroke reported improved outcomes from participating in either intervention, providing support that both online MBSR and Brain Health Education interventions are feasible and low-cost interventions for this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: Disability is often framed as an inherently negative experience that harms the mental health and well-being of disabled individuals. This perspective, however, ignores the impact of disability discrimination. The relationship between disability discrimination and mental health has been documented in several cultural contexts, but not yet in a large-scale, nationally representative sample in the United States. Additionally, limited research has explored moderators of the relationship between disability discrimination and mental health. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between disability discrimination and mental health outcomes, as well as the moderating role of disability permanence-a critical yet understudied component of the disability experience-in shaping this relationship.

Research method/design: The present study uses a large national sample of adults with physical disabilities in the United States (N = 5,115), drawn from the second wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave-II.

Results: Our findings reveal that experiencing greater disability discrimination in the prior year predicts greater anxiety and depression, assessed through both symptomology and clinical diagnoses, and that this relationship is stronger for people with temporary (vs. permanent) disabilities.

Conclusion/implications: These results underscore the necessity of addressing disability discrimination in order to promote the mental health and well-being of disabled individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Examine the moderating effect of preinjury attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and secondary ADHD on response to a family-based problem solving (FBPS) intervention following pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Method: Analyses included 233 participants (114 FBPS and 119 internet resource comparison group), aged 11-18 who had been hospitalized for a moderate-severe traumatic brain injury within the previous 18 months. Parents completed measures of child functioning and their own functioning at time of enrollment, 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-ups. Linear mixed models examined the moderating effect of ADHD status on the effect of treatment over time.

Results: Main effect of ADHD status was significant for executive functioning, F(2, 429) = 55.15, p < .0001; social competence, F(2, 421) = 22.94, p < .0001; parental depression, F(2, 420) = 4.83, p = .0085; and parental distress, F(2, 413) = 6.35, p = .0019. Consistently, those with ADHD demonstrated worse outcomes than those without ADHD. ADHD status moderated the effect of FBPS on functional impairment, F(6, 430) = 5.16, p < .0001. Among those who received FBPS, those without ADHD demonstrated the expected improvement in functional outcomes over time. The secondary ADHD group had a delayed improvement in outcomes, not present until the 18-month follow-up. The preinjury attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder group showed no change in outcomes over time.

Conclusions/implications: ADHD status had a significant effect on adolescent and parent outcomes and moderated the effect of FBPS on functional outcomes. Findings highlight the importance of identifying children with preinjury ADHD as well as new onset ADHD symptoms after injury to guide intervention delivery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: This article reports survey results from the American Board of Rehabilitation Psychology (ABRP) on motivators and barriers to pursuing board certification and identifies ways the ABRP can reduce barriers.

Research method/design: An electronic survey was sent to Division 22 and Academy of Rehabilitation Psychology listservs. Participants (N = 113) were primarily early career (37%), not board-certified (62%), and did not identify as a member of an underrepresented group (70%). Two independent coders conducted thematic analysis of qualitative data, identifying key themes. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion; final themes were agreed upon by consensus.

Results: Most nonboard-certified participants had considered specialty certification (93%). Of those reporting barriers (n = 64), primary barriers included work/time constraints (30%), lack of benefit (18%) and institutional support (15%), personal obstacles (14%), and financial considerations (13%). Motivational factors included professional reputation (42%), mentorship (38%), and institutional support (14%). Responses from those who identified as participants from diverse professional backgrounds emphasized the importance of mentorship, institutional and financial support, and elucidation of alternative pathways to certification.

Conclusion/implications: Despite strong interest in board certification, many individuals either do not initiate the process or begin but do not complete it. There also remains a lack of clarity regarding requirements and the process. The ABRP has implemented initiatives to address these concerns, including outlining alternative pathways, clarifying candidacy requirements, transitioning mentorship to the Academy of Rehabilitation Psychology, implementing educational outreach programs, providing individualized encouragement to candidates, increasing awareness of scholarship opportunities, and promoting nontraditional pathways to board certification. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: This pilot study examined the effects of videoconference-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), supplemented with psychoeducation materials, compared to psychoeducation materials alone, on depressive symptoms and other mental health outcomes in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) sustained within the past 5 years.

Method: A parallel-group, two-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in the United States with 34 adults who had sustained an SCI within 5 years and reported at least mild depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] scores ≥5). Participants were randomly assigned to either the ACT group (n = 15) or the control group (n = 19). The ACT group received eight weekly 1-hr individual ACT sessions via videoconferencing, along with a 1-hr booster session. The control group received only psychoeducation materials. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms measured by the PHQ-9.

Results: From pretest to posttest, the ACT group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in PHQ-9 scores (Z = 2.1, p = .04, d = 0.75) and all other mental health outcomes compared to the control group, with medium-to-large effect sizes. These improvements were maintained at the 2-month follow-up for PHQ-9 scores (Z = 2.78, p = .005, d = 0.97) and all other measures, except cognitive fusion.

Conclusion: This pilot randomized controlled trial is the first to demonstrate the potential efficacy of videoconference-delivered ACT in improving mental health outcomes among individuals with SCI experiencing depressive symptoms. Larger, more diverse samples and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm and extend these findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose: Prototypes are idealized examples of the "typical" member of that group. Prototypicality plays an important role not only in how people are treated and discriminated against, but also whose experiences with discrimination are seen as legitimate. When it comes to research, prototypicality can also mask the experiences of people with multiply marginalized identities. The aim of this study was to examine prototypicality related to disability-what is the gender and race of the prototypical disabled person, does this differ based on participants' own identities, and does this impact perceptions of warmth?

Research method: We conducted an online survey in April 2025 with 230 people. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and ordinal regression models.

Results: While picturing a disabled person who experienced discrimination, 59.9% of participants thought of a cisgender man, and 79.0% of participants thought of a White person. When gender and race were combined, disabled White men were prototypical 49.5% of the time, disabled White women 29.8%, disabled Black men 7.2%, disabled Black women 5.3%, and all other combinations of race and gender identities less than 2% each. There was no significant relationship between participants' own identities and prototypicality. There was a relationship between prototypicality and warmth, with disabled White women rated significantly warmer (OR [CI] = 2.18 [1.09, 4.36]).

Conclusion: Prototypicality has significant implications not only for the ways we produce and enact science but also for our attempts to reduce discrimination and combat inequity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: To describe the development of a novel rehabilitation intervention (Tools for Rehabilitation and Cognitive Care [On-TRACC]) for individuals reporting cognitive persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCSs) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) as a bridge to care for modifiable conditions that can impact cognition.

Research method/design: Intervention development via four methods: literature review, veteran survey, clinician survey, and a beta test with three participants/three clinicians. A total of 53 veterans with a history of mTBI and cognitive PPCSs participated in the veteran survey, while seven clinicians, including speech pathologists, psychologists, and a psychology postdoctoral fellow, completed the clinician survey. Three veterans and three clinicians participated in a beta test of the intervention to assess usability, identify any content issues, and gather specific feedback.

Results: The new intervention is a five-session, patient-centered rehabilitation program for individuals reporting persistent cognitive difficulties after mTBI. On-TRACC provides tailored psychoeducation about modifiable factors contributing to cognitive difficulties, self-management skills, and compensatory cognitive rehabilitation strategies. On-TRACC is based on personalized values and is designed to support short- and long-term management of factors contributing to current symptoms that are currently untreated or undertreated.

Conclusion/implications: Through a multistep process that incorporated stakeholder input and a review of the empirical literature, we developed an evidence-informed intervention that fills a gap in current care for cognitive PPCSs. Future studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this intervention for individuals with chronic cognitive difficulties after mTBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: To assess characteristics of individuals who wanted to address mental health needs during hospital admission for stroke through structured, person-centered goal setting, and to describe the types of mental health-related goals.

Method: Analysis of aggregated baseline data from a randomized controlled trial (Recovery-focused Community support to Avoid readmissions and improve Participation after Stroke). Trial participants were recruited from 11 Australian hospitals. Within 10 days of stroke admission, participants selected two to five recovery goals from five categories (health, mind and body, everyday activities, out-and-about, and health care). Baseline data included demographics, anxiety/depression status, health-related quality of life, unmet needs, and self-efficacy after stroke. Characteristics associated with selecting mental health-related goals were determined using multivariable logistic regressions.

Results: Among 465 participants (33% female, Mdn = 67 years), 50 (11%) selected a mental health-related goal. Content of most mental health-related goals focused on improving mental health (73%) and controlling another lifestyle factor (20%). Selection of mental health-related goals was associated with being under 65 years of age, OR = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.1, 3.9]; history of mental health concerns, OR = 4.7, 95% CI = [2.5, 8.9]; elevated symptoms of depression or anxiety, OR = 6.6, 95% CI = [3.3, 13.0]; or reporting an unmet mental health need, OR = 5.5, 95% CI = [2.7, 10.9].

Conclusion: We highlight important characteristics associated with self-selecting mental health-related goals after stroke. Greater understanding of barriers for older individuals and those with elevated symptoms of depression/anxiety setting mental health-related goals is warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose/objective: To report on a randomized controlled trial of Zest, a highly innovative psychological health promotion group intervention designed specifically for women with spinal cord injury (SCI), a population at risk for adverse psychological health.

Research method/design: A national sample of 175 women with SCI were randomized to either the Zest intervention or a control group that received intervention materials at the end of the study. The Zest group participated in a psychological health promotion intervention that met weekly for 10 weeks in the free, online, three-dimensional virtual world of Second Life. The novel use of this technology afforded delivery to participants with SCI without requiring them to leave their homes. Both groups completed online surveys at baseline, at program end, and at 6 months assessing the primary outcomes (depression, self-esteem, and life satisfaction) and the proposed mediators (self-efficacy, connectedness, and perceived stress).

Results: Zest was well received by participants. We found significant group differences supporting the efficacy of the intervention on the primary outcomes of depression, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Analyses also supported self-efficacy and perceived stress as important mediators of the impact of the intervention on the primary outcomes.

Conclusion/implications: Zest, a group program offered on a virtual world platform, offers promise as an intervention for enhancing the psychological health of women with SCI. More attention should be devoted to the psychosocial health needs of people with SCI by developing and implementing affordable, accessible, and widely available programming. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).