Technology in Society最新文献_第7页

A multi-stakeholder perspective on the use of digital technologies in European organic and agroecological farming systems

IF 10.1 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102763

Cynthia Giagnocavo , Mónica Duque-Acevedo , Eduardo Terán-Yépez , Joelle Herforth-Rahmé , Emeline Defossez , Stefano Carlesi , Stephanie Delalieux , Vasileios Gkisakis , Aliz Márton , Diana Molina-Delgado , José Carlos Moreno , Ana G. Ramirez-Santos , Evelyn Reinmuth , Gladys Sánchez , Iria Soto , Tom Van Nieuwenhove , Iride Volpi

In recent years, digital technologies have become increasingly important in the agri-food system. While such technologies have been understood to facilitate precision farming practices, digitalisation also may play a key role in the transition to more sustainable food systems. Given the current knowledge gap in understanding the perceptions of digitalisation by the diverse stakeholders of organic and agroecological production, this research holds particular significance. The aim of this paper is to analyse the perception of farmers, farm advisors and producer organisations, associations and/or cooperatives on the use of digital technologies in organic and agroecological production system in different European countries. A combination of convenience and snowball sampling methods were used to select participants. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests were used to discern differences within the collected surveys regarding benefits of using digital technologies, the reason why farmers do not use them, as well as the main barriers, risks and drivers of their use. The results show differences in perceptions according to the type of stakeholder. Surveyed stakeholders agree that digitalisation facilitates communication, exchange of knowledge and experiences between actors. The main barriers to the use of digital technologies are related to economic aspects, complexity and unsuitability of equipment. The creation of networks or collaborations between the actors involved to share equipment, costs, exchange knowledge, as well as governmental financial support were considered the main drivers of digital technologies for organic and agroecological systems. The results of this study contribute to theorising on the diffusion of innovations and may be helpful for policy makers and farm advisors as it provides relevant and important information to define and incorporate solid approaches to digital transformation in an agroecology innovation ecosystem.

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引用次数: 0

Material matters: Recommendations for the analysis of relational spaces in sociotechnical transition studies 材料问题：社会技术转型研究中关系空间分析的建议

IF 10.1 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102764

Ioannis Lykouras , Luca Mora

This article examines the interplay between materiality, relational spaces, and technological change dynamics. The objective is to introduce a novel theoretical perspective and a structured analytical process designed to enrich the investigation of relational spaces within the context of sociotechnical transitions. Our perspective aims to help transition scholars integrate the often-overlooked importance of material arrangements with the analysis of material flows and social components. We interpret this integration as a morphological approach to the analysis of relational spaces. The development of our perspective is grounded in a thorough review of existing literature on transition studies, complemented by the application of the theory of space constitution. Through our theoretical contribution, we advance the spatial discourse in transition studies, offering the means required to produce novel insights into how diverse social and material dimensions of spatial contexts affect, and are affected by, sociotechnical transition pathways and the technological change they produce.

本文探讨了物质性、关系空间和技术变化动态之间的相互作用。目的是引入一个新的理论视角和一个结构化的分析过程，旨在丰富社会技术转型背景下关系空间的研究。我们的观点旨在帮助转型学者将经常被忽视的物质安排的重要性与物质流动和社会成分的分析结合起来。我们将这种整合解释为分析关系空间的形态学方法。我们的观点的发展是基于对现有的过渡研究文献的全面审查，并辅以空间构成理论的应用。通过我们的理论贡献，我们推进了转型研究中的空间话语，提供了对空间背景的不同社会和物质维度如何影响和受社会技术转型途径及其产生的技术变革的影响产生新颖见解所需的手段。

引用次数: 0

How do semiconductors, artificial intelligence, geopolitical risk, and their moderating effects shape renewable energy production in leading semiconductor manufacturing countries? 半导体、人工智能、地缘政治风险及其调节效应如何影响主要半导体制造国家的可再生能源生产？

IF 10.1 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102761

Muhammad Qamar Rasheed , Zhao Yuhuan , Marina Nazir , Zahoor Ahmed , Xiaohong Yu

Semiconductors, artificial intelligence (AI), and geopolitics may influence the future of environmentally friendly energy. This research aims to offer a novel perspective within this domain by assessing the interconnections between semiconductors, AI, geopolitical risk, and renewable energy production. The study analyzed panel data and cross-country statistics from 1999 to 2019 for 13 leading semiconductor manufacturing countries. According to the findings of the panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag-Pooled Mean Group (ARDL-PMG), the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), and the Panel-Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) methods semiconductors and AI have a significant long-term impact on accelerating renewable energy production. However, renewable energy production experiences substantial disruptions resulting from geopolitical risk. Apart from this, the combined effect of geopolitical risk and semiconductors decreases the strength of the advantageous interaction between semiconductors and renewable energy as compared to the direct influence of semiconductors. Likewise, the moderating effect of geopolitical risk and AI decreases the beneficial intensity between AI and renewable energy production as compared to the direct impact of AI. Finally, these statistical insights serve as an essential foundation and benchmark for policymakers seeking to align their strategies with renewable energy production goals by addressing the role of semiconductors, AI, geopolitical risks, and their combined impact.

半导体、人工智能（AI）、地缘政治等将影响环境友好型能源的未来。该研究旨在通过评估半导体、人工智能、地缘政治风险和可再生能源生产之间的相互关系，为该领域提供一个新的视角。该研究分析了1999年至2019年13个主要半导体制造国家的面板数据和跨国统计数据。根据面板自回归分布滞后池平均组（ARDL-PMG）、可行广义最小二乘法（FGLS）和面板校正标准误差（PCSE）方法的研究结果，半导体和人工智能对加速可再生能源生产具有重大的长期影响。然而，可再生能源生产受到地缘政治风险的严重干扰。除此之外，与半导体的直接影响相比，地缘政治风险和半导体的综合影响降低了半导体与可再生能源之间有利相互作用的强度。同样，与人工智能的直接影响相比，地缘政治风险和人工智能的调节作用降低了人工智能与可再生能源生产之间的有利强度。最后，这些统计见解是政策制定者寻求通过解决半导体、人工智能、地缘政治风险及其综合影响的作用，使其战略与可再生能源生产目标保持一致的重要基础和基准。

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引用次数: 0

Values, wellbeing, and job satisfaction in telework: Evidence from IT-enabled service firms 远程办公中的价值观、幸福感和工作满意度：来自it服务公司的证据

IF 10.1 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102762

Pradeep Kautish , Weng Marc Lim , Rambabu Lavuri

The widespread adoption of telework, initially driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, has persisted beyond the crisis, reshaping organizational practices and redefining employee expectations. Despite its accelerated implementation, limited research has explored how teleworking environments influence employee value orientations and their impact on wellbeing and job satisfaction. This study examines the distinct effects of terminal and instrumental values on two dimensions of employee wellbeing—psychological and subjective—and how these, in turn, affect job satisfaction in a teleworking environment. Focusing on IT-enabled service firms in India, this study provides insights into a developing market where telework is increasingly becoming mainstream. An online survey yielded 715 responses from employees working in these firms, which were analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM). Findings reveal that both terminal and instrumental values positively influence psychological and subjective wellbeing, which subsequently enhance job satisfaction, and that psychological and subjective wellbeing partially mediate the relationship between these values and job satisfaction. The study's contributions therefore lie in providing a better understanding of how value-driven motivations influence employee wellbeing and satisfaction when they work from home or remotely (theoretical contribution) while providing actionable implications for improving telework policies and practices (practical contribution).

远程办公的广泛采用最初是由COVID-19大流行推动的，并在危机之后持续存在，重塑了组织实践并重新定义了员工的期望。尽管其加速实施，有限的研究探讨了远程工作环境如何影响员工价值取向及其对幸福感和工作满意度的影响。本研究考察了终端价值和工具价值对员工心理和主观幸福感两个维度的不同影响，以及它们如何反过来影响远程工作环境中的工作满意度。本研究聚焦于印度的it服务公司，为远程办公日益成为主流的发展中市场提供了见解。一项在线调查从这些公司的员工中获得了715份回复，并使用基于协方差的结构方程模型（CB-SEM）对其进行了分析。研究结果表明，终端价值观和工具价值观对员工的心理和主观幸福感均有正向影响，进而提高员工的工作满意度，并且终端价值观和工具价值观对员工的工作满意度有部分中介作用。因此，该研究的贡献在于更好地理解价值驱动的动机如何影响员工在家或远程工作时的幸福感和满意度（理论贡献），同时为改进远程工作政策和实践提供可操作的启示（实际贡献）。

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引用次数: 0

Fact-checking in the age of AI: Reducing biases with non-human information sources 人工智能时代的事实核查：减少非人类信息来源的偏见

IF 10.1 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102760

Won-Ki Moon , Lee Ann Kahlor

This study examines the obstacles to the effectiveness of fact-checking, focusing primarily on the pervasive impact of entrenched biases. Fact-checking efforts often face resistance when linked to mistrusted sources, leading to cognitive dissonance and the rejection of messages in favor of pre-existing beliefs, a phenomenon known as motivated reasoning. This resistance hinders organizations’ ability to correct misconceptions surrounding social issues and entities. The research delves into whether non-human entities such as AI can facilitate less biased information processing due to their perceived impartiality. Applying a moderated mediation model in experimental settings, we found that labeling a source as artificial intelligence is pivotal in evaluating fact-checking. AI labels moderate the impact of partisan biases on the persuasive outcomes of fact-checks, such as message credibility and acceptance, compared to the human source. This study offers valuable insights for enhancing the effectiveness of fact-checking in the context of cognitive and psychological biases by highlighting the critical influence of information sources in reducing polarization in public perceptions of scientific issues.

本研究考察了影响事实核查有效性的障碍，主要关注根深蒂固的偏见的普遍影响。当与不可信的来源联系在一起时，事实核查工作往往会遇到阻力，导致认知失调，并拒绝支持已有信念的信息，这种现象被称为动机推理。这种阻力阻碍了组织纠正围绕社会问题和实体的误解的能力。该研究深入探讨了人工智能等非人类实体是否能因其公正性而促进较少偏见的信息处理。在实验环境中应用有调节的中介模型，我们发现将来源标记为人工智能对于评估事实核查至关重要。与人类来源相比，人工智能标签缓和了党派偏见对事实核查结果的影响，比如信息的可信度和接受度。本研究通过强调信息来源在减少公众对科学问题的两极分化方面的关键影响，为在认知和心理偏见的背景下提高事实核查的有效性提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Reverse salient as a nexus of technologies and values in sociotechnical systems: A case study of lithium-ion batteries 反向突出是社会技术系统中技术与价值的联系：锂离子电池案例研究

IF 10.1 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102757

Yunxuan Miao

A good comprehension of value dynamics can contribute to a more value-sensitive and responsible design of technology. Theories addressing changes in values related to technology tend to reduce the complexity of technology development, neglecting the intricate interrelations between technical components within sociotechnical systems. This paper proposes an approach that incorporates Thomas Hughes’ notion of reverse salient to explore value change across two sociotechnical scenarios, which also aligns with the pragmatic account of values. Through an analysis of the values of safety and sustainability within lithium-ion battery (LiB) technologies, this study illustrates how the approach assesses changes in the relative importance of specific values within a certain domain, as well as the dynamics in the translation of these values. This case demonstrates that the emergence of reverse salients can enhance the recognition of certain values, potentially prompting a reconsideration of how these values are interpreted or translated. The study recommends that future research advances the operationalization of reverse salients and applies them to specific contexts to better manage value change.

充分理解价值动态有助于设计出对价值更敏感、更负责任的技术。与技术相关的价值变化理论往往会降低技术发展的复杂性，忽视社会技术系统中各技术组件之间错综复杂的相互关系。本文提出了一种结合托马斯-休斯（Thomas Hughes）的 "反向显著性"（reverse salient）概念的方法，以探讨两种社会技术情景中的价值观变化，这也符合价值观的实用主义观点。通过分析锂离子电池（LiB）技术中的安全性和可持续性价值，本研究说明了该方法如何评估特定领域中特定价值相对重要性的变化，以及这些价值转化的动态。本案例表明，反向突出物的出现可以提高对某些价值观的认识，从而有可能促使人们重新考虑如何解释或转化这些价值观。本研究建议，未来的研究应推进反向突出点的可操作性，并将其应用于特定环境，以更好地管理价值变化。

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引用次数: 0

Theoretical dimensions for integrating research on anticipatory governance, scientific foresight and sustainable S&T public policy design 预期治理、科学预见与可持续科技公共政策设计整合研究的理论维度

IF 10.1 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102758

Mateus Panizzon , Raquel Janissek-Muniz

The future of Science and Technology (S&T) is a continuous and strategic priority for governments, universities, and organizations, driving societal benefits through innovation, sustainability, and development. However, there is a gap—and a critical opportunity—for research on architectures supporting Anticipatory Governance (AG) that integrates Scientific Foresight (ScF) and the design of sustainable S&T policies, especially at federal and state levels in emerging countries. In this context, this paper aims to enhance understanding of the theoretical dimensions essential for integrating AG, ScF, and sustainable S&T policy design, proposing an emergent systemic framework. Adopting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), the analysis identifies seven theoretical dimensions that unify these three themes, opening new possibilities for integrated research. This method also supported the development of a systemic framework for Anticipatory Governance, Scientific Foresight, and Sustainable S&T Policy Design, setting up foundational components for further testing, development, implementation, and providing a research agenda for Anticipatory Governance Systems. Implications for systemic and institutional innovation in public management are discussed, indicating that evolving these frameworks could strengthen complex decision-making around public policies and investments in strategic S&T areas involving multiple stakeholders in Foresight and Policy Design, particularly those addressing pressing societal challenges.

科技的未来是政府、大学和组织的一个持续的战略重点，通过创新、可持续性和发展来推动社会效益。然而，在支持预见性治理（AG）的体系结构研究方面，特别是在新兴国家的联邦和州一级，存在一个缺口和一个关键的机会。预见性治理将科学预见性（ScF）和可持续标准与技术政策的设计结合起来。在此背景下，本文旨在加强对整合农业、可持续发展和可持续发展政策设计所必需的理论维度的理解，并提出一个紧急系统框架。采用系统文献综述（SLR），分析确定了七个理论维度，统一了这三个主题，为综合研究开辟了新的可能性。该方法还支持了预见性治理、科学预见性和可持续标准与技术政策设计的系统框架的发展，为进一步测试、开发和实施奠定了基础，并为预见性治理系统提供了研究议程。本文讨论了公共管理系统和制度创新的影响，指出发展这些框架可以加强围绕公共政策的复杂决策，以及涉及前瞻性和政策设计中多个利益相关者的战略标准和技术领域的投资，特别是那些应对紧迫社会挑战的领域。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling ICT adoption and electricity consumption in emerging digital economies: Insights from the West African Region 新兴数字经济体的信息和通信技术应用与电力消费建模：西非地区的启示

IF 10.1 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102759

Isaac Ankrah , Michael Appiah Kubi , Sampson Twumasi-Ankrah , Frank Gyimah Sackey , Richard Asravor , Brenya Boahemaa , Derrick Donkor , Lilian Arthur , Christopher Lamptey , Eric Ekobor-Ackah Mochiah

This study investigates the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on electricity consumption in West Africa, employing a dynamic panel data model. The results show a significant long-term positive effect of ICT adoption on electricity consumption. Notably, internet connections increase the demand for electricity, with estimates ranging from 13.4 % to 19.3 %. While mobile phone subscriptions demonstrate modest positive effect of 6.85 %, personal computer ownership appears to have a negligible impact.

The study contributes to the existing literature by offering a detailed examination of the distinct effects of different ICT components on electricity consumption, incorporating a novel estimation approach and sensitivity analyses that account for the COVID-19 pandemic and the Anglo-French linguistic divide. What's more, the analysis constitutes an initial effort in the examining both short-term and long-term dynamics of the ICT-electricity relationship in West African region.

本研究采用动态面板数据模型，调查了信息和通信技术（ICT）对西非用电量的影响。研究结果表明，采用信息和通信技术对用电量有重大的长期积极影响。值得注意的是，互联网连接增加了对电力的需求，估计值从 13.4% 到 19.3% 不等。这项研究对现有文献做出了贡献，详细分析了不同信息和通信技术组件对用电量的不同影响，采用了新颖的估算方法，并对 COVID-19 大流行和英法语言差异进行了敏感性分析。此外，该分析还为研究西非地区信息和通信技术与电力关系的短期和长期动态做出了初步努力。

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引用次数: 0

Artificial Intelligence: Intensifying or mitigating unemployment? 人工智能：加剧还是缓解失业？

IF 10.1 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102755

Meng Qin , Yue Wan , Junyi Dou , Chi Wei Su

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is simultaneously fostering a proliferation of novel job opportunities while rendering some traditional roles obsolete and specific skills outdated. Previous research has failed to consider the short-, medium-, and long-term variations in AI's impact on unemployment, which may lead to an incomplete understanding of the AI-employment relationship. This paper examines daily data from January 4, 2013, to August 12, 2024, utilising advanced wavelet-based Quantile on Quantile Regression (QQR) methodology to assess AI's impact on the Unemployment Index (UI) across quantiles and time scales, with a sample size of 2820 drawn from a larger dataset totalling 4241 observations. The conclusions reveal that AI generally positively impacts UI in the short term, especially with AI at 0.6–0.7 quantiles, as automation replaces workers faster than new job roles emerge and skills transform. However, in the medium term, positive and negative effects balance as new jobs and skills emerge through continuous industrial restructuring. In the long run, AI predominantly mitigates UI by further enhancing economic development, fostering skill upgrading, and facilitating market adjustments, but this result does not hold during AI at 0.7 quantiles and UI at the highest quantiles, such as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Under new technological revolution and industrial transformation, we formulate China-specific suggestions to avert potential AI-induced unemployment crisis from short-term, medium-term, long-term, and sector-specific perspectives.

人工智能（AI）的快速发展在促进新工作机会激增的同时，也使一些传统角色过时，特定技能落伍。以往的研究没有考虑人工智能对失业影响的短期、中期和长期变化，这可能导致对人工智能与就业关系的理解不全面。本文研究了 2013 年 1 月 4 日至 2024 年 8 月 12 日的每日数据，利用先进的基于小波的量子回归（QQR）方法，评估了人工智能对失业指数（UI）在量子和时间尺度上的影响，样本量为 2820 个，取自更大的数据集，共 4241 个观测值。结论显示，由于自动化取代工人的速度快于新工作角色的出现和技能的转变，人工智能在短期内通常会对失业指数产生积极影响，尤其是在人工智能处于 0.6-0.7 量级时。然而，从中期来看，随着新的工作岗位和技能在不断的产业结构调整中涌现，正面和负面影响趋于平衡。从长期来看，人工智能主要是通过进一步促进经济发展、推动技能升级和促进市场调整来缓解失业率，但在人工智能达到 0.7 量级和失业率达到最高量级（如 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19））时，这一结果并不成立。在新技术革命和产业转型的背景下，我们从短期、中期、长期和具体行业的角度提出了中国避免人工智能引发潜在失业危机的具体建议。

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引用次数: 0

Technology shock of ChatGPT, social attention and firm value: Evidence from China ChatGPT的技术冲击、社会关注度与企业价值：来自中国的证据

IF 10.1 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL ISSUES

Technology in Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102756

Qinqin Wu , Qinqin Zhuang , Yitong Liu , Longyan Han

The release of ChatGPT has attracted widespread attention and triggered fluctuations in the capital market. This study employs difference-in-differences (DID) and event study (ES) to investigate the effects of ChatGPT's release on the cumulative abnormal return (CAR) of listed companies in China. The results reveal that a series of ChatGPT launch events, including GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, have a significantly positive impact on the firm value of the companies focused on ChatGPT, with dynamic effects. In the initial two months after the release of ChatGPT, the Chinese stock market exhibited an undervaluation of GPT-focused companies, indicating information asymmetry and competitive substitution effect. With the widespread promotion of generative AI, social recognition of ChatGPT's potential value increased. This study verifies the moderation effect of social attention in strengthening ChatGPT's impact, demonstrating that a higher search index for ChatGPT enhances stock returns for GPT-focused companies. Heterogeneity tests reveal that the impact of ChatGPT is significantly positive for large or non-state-owned companies, while small or state-owned companies show no significant effect. From the perspective of labor structure, companies dominated by technical and production personnel experience positive effects, whereas those dominated by sales personnel do not. In the eastern regions with more favorable digital economic innovation environments, companies experience a notably positive impact. This paper provides a theoretical explanation and empirical evidence for the microeconomic impact of generative AI in the Chinese context, offering valuable insights for both government and firms.

ChatGPT 的发布引起了广泛关注，并引发了资本市场的波动。本研究采用差分法（DID）和事件研究法（ES）研究 ChatGPT 发布对中国上市公司累计异常收益率（CAR）的影响。结果显示，包括 GPT-3.5 和 GPT-4 在内的一系列 ChatGPT 发布事件对关注 ChatGPT 的公司的公司价值产生了显著的正向影响，并具有动态效应。在 ChatGPT 发布后的最初两个月，中国股市表现出对专注于 GPT 的公司价值的低估，这表明存在信息不对称和竞争替代效应。随着生成式人工智能的广泛推广，社会对 ChatGPT 潜在价值的认可度不断提高。本研究验证了社会关注度在增强 ChatGPT 影响力方面的调节作用，表明 ChatGPT 的搜索指数越高，关注 GPT 的公司的股票回报率就越高。异质性检验表明，ChatGPT 对大型公司或非国有公司的影响显著为正，而对小型公司或国有公司的影响不显著。从劳动力结构的角度来看，以技术和生产人员为主的公司会受到积极影响，而以销售人员为主的公司则不会。在数字经济创新环境更有利的东部地区，企业会受到明显的积极影响。本文从理论和实证两方面解释了中国人工智能对微观经济的影响，为政府和企业提供了有价值的启示。

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引用次数: 0