Ahmet İçduygu, Jan Rath, Deniz Sert, Ayşen Üstübici
<p>The year 2024 has underscored the continued centrality of migration in global political and social discourse. With the persistence and emergence of conflicts worldwide, migration—whether forced or voluntary—remains of critical importance, highlighting the urgency of addressing its complexities and challenges. The ongoing clashes in Ukraine, which have resulted in 4 million internally displaced individuals and 6.8 million registered refugees according to UN estimates, serve as one of many stark reminders of migration's human toll. Simultaneously, conflicts in Gaza, which have displaced 1.9 million, Lebanon with 1.3 million internally displaced, and Sudan, where over 11 million have been displaced, further stress the capacity of humanitarian systems worldwide.</p><p>Across the globe, migration continues to shape political and social debates. The 2024 European Parliament elections marked a shift in the EU's political landscape, with far-right parties achieving unprecedented representation on the EU level. Possible policy shifts on migration, integration and citizenship remain to be seen with the resurgence of far-right parties all over Europe and the re-election of Donald Trump as US President in 2024. Although its regional impact is expected to be more pronounced, another significant development with global implications is the new EU Pact on Migration and Asylum, which was adopted in 2024. This Pact, characterized by restrictive measures, shifts the responsibilities of migration governance predominantly onto third countries, with the long-established logic of externalization. It is evident that the effects of this Pact will be felt in the coming years. These events underline the need for democratic debate and evidence-based policymaking in addressing migration's complex realities.</p><p>In its pursuit of advancing migration scholarship, <i>International Migration</i> has remained a leading platform for rigorous and impactful research. The publications in 2024 explored diverse themes, including the economic impacts of return migration, digital literacy in migration services and the intersections of migration with gender, race and age. Groundbreaking studies highlighted the resilience strategies of refugees, the criminalization of migrants and the transformative potential of refugee entrepreneurship.</p><p>Our commentaries section featured incisive analyses on pivotal topics focusing on the intersection of migration with gender, identity politics, age and race. Issue 62:1 and 62:2 included commentaries exploring the intersection of migration and gender studies (Cleton & Scuzzarello, 2024; Fresnoza-Flot, 2024; Garcia Rodriguez & Giametta, 2024; Clack-Kazak, 2024). Issue 62:3 featured commentaries by Yurdakul (2024) and Kaya (2024), exploring the intersection of migration and identity politics. With a focus on ageing and migration, Fargues (2024), Fokkema (2024) and Hunter and Torres (2024) contribute insights into this emerging nexus. The c
{"title":"Letter from the Editors","authors":"Ahmet İçduygu, Jan Rath, Deniz Sert, Ayşen Üstübici","doi":"10.1111/imig.13385","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imig.13385","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The year 2024 has underscored the continued centrality of migration in global political and social discourse. With the persistence and emergence of conflicts worldwide, migration—whether forced or voluntary—remains of critical importance, highlighting the urgency of addressing its complexities and challenges. The ongoing clashes in Ukraine, which have resulted in 4 million internally displaced individuals and 6.8 million registered refugees according to UN estimates, serve as one of many stark reminders of migration's human toll. Simultaneously, conflicts in Gaza, which have displaced 1.9 million, Lebanon with 1.3 million internally displaced, and Sudan, where over 11 million have been displaced, further stress the capacity of humanitarian systems worldwide.</p><p>Across the globe, migration continues to shape political and social debates. The 2024 European Parliament elections marked a shift in the EU's political landscape, with far-right parties achieving unprecedented representation on the EU level. Possible policy shifts on migration, integration and citizenship remain to be seen with the resurgence of far-right parties all over Europe and the re-election of Donald Trump as US President in 2024. Although its regional impact is expected to be more pronounced, another significant development with global implications is the new EU Pact on Migration and Asylum, which was adopted in 2024. This Pact, characterized by restrictive measures, shifts the responsibilities of migration governance predominantly onto third countries, with the long-established logic of externalization. It is evident that the effects of this Pact will be felt in the coming years. These events underline the need for democratic debate and evidence-based policymaking in addressing migration's complex realities.</p><p>In its pursuit of advancing migration scholarship, <i>International Migration</i> has remained a leading platform for rigorous and impactful research. The publications in 2024 explored diverse themes, including the economic impacts of return migration, digital literacy in migration services and the intersections of migration with gender, race and age. Groundbreaking studies highlighted the resilience strategies of refugees, the criminalization of migrants and the transformative potential of refugee entrepreneurship.</p><p>Our commentaries section featured incisive analyses on pivotal topics focusing on the intersection of migration with gender, identity politics, age and race. Issue 62:1 and 62:2 included commentaries exploring the intersection of migration and gender studies (Cleton & Scuzzarello, 2024; Fresnoza-Flot, 2024; Garcia Rodriguez & Giametta, 2024; Clack-Kazak, 2024). Issue 62:3 featured commentaries by Yurdakul (2024) and Kaya (2024), exploring the intersection of migration and identity politics. With a focus on ageing and migration, Fargues (2024), Fokkema (2024) and Hunter and Torres (2024) contribute insights into this emerging nexus. The c","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imig.13385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past two decades, more than half a million children—mostly born and educated in the USA—have arrived in Mexico from the USA because of their parents' return migration. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between their national identification, school trajectories and US nationality in a border city with high return migration. The methodology is based on the analysis of a school survey and semi-structured interviews with transnational students. The results show that: binational identification was higher when students had intermediate schooling in both countries; identification with the USA decreased and identification with Mexico increased with more years in Mexican schools; and school trajectories were more relevant than nationality in defining binational identification. The majority of students identified as binational because their migration histories and transnational life experiences allowed them to be bicultural, despite the diffusion of mononational ideologies in schools.
{"title":"National identifications of transnational students from the USA on the northwest border of Mexico","authors":"Eunice D. Vargas Valle","doi":"10.1111/imig.13371","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imig.13371","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past two decades, more than half a million children—mostly born and educated in the USA—have arrived in Mexico from the USA because of their parents' return migration. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between their national identification, school trajectories and US nationality in a border city with high return migration. The methodology is based on the analysis of a school survey and semi-structured interviews with transnational students. The results show that: binational identification was higher when students had intermediate schooling in both countries; identification with the USA decreased and identification with Mexico increased with more years in Mexican schools; and school trajectories were more relevant than nationality in defining binational identification. The majority of students identified as binational because their migration histories and transnational life experiences allowed them to be bicultural, despite the diffusion of mononational ideologies in schools.</p>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Refugees enrolling in host country higher education can improve their position in the labour market. However, little is known about the patterns underlying enrolment, and existing studies have only examined explanations at the individual level. This is problematic because opportunities to enrol in education are also dependent upon structural factors, and by ignoring this, studies run the risk of depicting non-enrolment as a consequence of individual shortcomings. We address this issue through the notion of arrival infrastructures and argue that existing infrastructures at multiple spatial scales may support or discourage enrolment. By focusing on the Netherlands, we were able to follow the enrolment of all registered refugees that arrived between 2014 and 2017 over time using registry data. We find that the accessibility of education, the municipal political climate and regional economic conditions influence educational enrolment. These findings show that dispersal policies can have detrimental effects on the social mobility of refugees.
{"title":"Arrival infrastructures and refugee enrolment in higher education","authors":"Ids Baalbergen, Gideon Bolt, Yanliu Lin, Pieter Hooimeijer","doi":"10.1111/imig.13374","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imig.13374","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Refugees enrolling in host country higher education can improve their position in the labour market. However, little is known about the patterns underlying enrolment, and existing studies have only examined explanations at the individual level. This is problematic because opportunities to enrol in education are also dependent upon structural factors, and by ignoring this, studies run the risk of depicting non-enrolment as a consequence of individual shortcomings. We address this issue through the notion of arrival infrastructures and argue that existing infrastructures at multiple spatial scales may support or discourage enrolment. By focusing on the Netherlands, we were able to follow the enrolment of all registered refugees that arrived between 2014 and 2017 over time using registry data. We find that the accessibility of education, the municipal political climate and regional economic conditions influence educational enrolment. These findings show that dispersal policies can have detrimental effects on the social mobility of refugees.</p>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imig.13374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
European states employ migration information campaigns (MICs) to discourage irregular migration to Europe by people from the Global South. Campaigns are justified by their initiators in various ways. On the one hand, campaigns are said to protect ‘potential migrants’ by helping them to make informed decisions (‘care’). On the other hand, campaigns respond to Europe's security objective of restricting migration flows (‘control’). Researchers have looked at various intermediaries involved in these campaigns. Yet, little attention has been given to individual European policy actors who decide on the funding and design of campaigns and how they navigate between campaigns' contradictory intentions to care for ‘potential migrants’ and to control borders. How do European campaign initiators justify the need for MICs? And what does this tell us about the migration imaginaries of those who develop migration governance measures? Based on interviews with European policymakers and campaign designers in the Netherlands and Senegal, this article examines their discursive acts of legitimation. It shows that in justifying their everyday work, they imagine themselves as humanitarian actors, and ‘potential migrants’ as depoliticized subjects in need of care. While initiators do sometimes examine campaigns critically, they build a worldview in which care is instrumental to border enforcement and in which compassion becomes a form of repressive ‘soft’ bordering.
{"title":"Navigating contradictions: justifications and imaginaries of the initiators of European migration information campaigns","authors":"Cecilia Schenetti, Valentina Mazzucato, Sally Wyatt, Djamila Schans","doi":"10.1111/imig.13366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13366","url":null,"abstract":"European states employ migration information campaigns (MICs) to discourage irregular migration to Europe by people from the Global South. Campaigns are justified by their initiators in various ways. On the one hand, campaigns are said to protect ‘potential migrants’ by helping them to make informed decisions (‘care’). On the other hand, campaigns respond to Europe's security objective of restricting migration flows (‘control’). Researchers have looked at various intermediaries involved in these campaigns. Yet, little attention has been given to individual European policy actors who decide on the funding and design of campaigns and how they navigate between campaigns' contradictory intentions to care for ‘potential migrants’ and to control borders. How do European campaign initiators justify the need for MICs? And what does this tell us about the migration imaginaries of those who develop migration governance measures? Based on interviews with European policymakers and campaign designers in the Netherlands and Senegal, this article examines their discursive acts of legitimation. It shows that in justifying their everyday work, they imagine themselves as humanitarian actors, and ‘potential migrants’ as depoliticized subjects in need of care. While initiators do sometimes examine campaigns critically, they build a worldview in which care is instrumental to border enforcement and in which compassion becomes a form of repressive ‘soft’ bordering.","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petra Aigner, Almina Bešić, Sabina Kubiciel‐Lodzińska, Johann Bacher, Jolanta Maj, Clara Prischl
The arrival of Ukrainian refugees in the European Union (EU) has reignited debates about the accessibility of labour markets, deskilling and underemployment. The Ukrainian case is especially significant because most refugees are highly skilled women and the implementation of the EU's temporary protection directive has provided them with immediate access to the EU's labour market. This paper examines the labour market access and deskilling of highly skilled Ukrainian women in the European Union. We compare two regions, Opole Voivodeship (Poland) and Upper Austria. Utilising a quantitative survey, we offer a comparative exploration of the drivers behind deskilling. This paper contributes to the growing literature on labour market access for female refugees, corroborating existing literature on ‘double’ and ‘triple disadvantage’ scenarios by highlighting deskilling processes and underemployment mechanisms in the context of instant labour market access. Moreover, it compares the diverse drivers of deskilling, ‘gender blindness’ in policy responses and the influence policymaking has on the allocation of migrant and refugee labour into sectors with shortages.
{"title":"The drivers of deskilling: Comparing highly skilled Ukrainian refugee women in Austria and Poland","authors":"Petra Aigner, Almina Bešić, Sabina Kubiciel‐Lodzińska, Johann Bacher, Jolanta Maj, Clara Prischl","doi":"10.1111/imig.13363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13363","url":null,"abstract":"The arrival of Ukrainian refugees in the European Union (EU) has reignited debates about the accessibility of labour markets, deskilling and underemployment. The Ukrainian case is especially significant because most refugees are highly skilled women and the implementation of the EU's temporary protection directive has provided them with immediate access to the EU's labour market. This paper examines the labour market access and deskilling of highly skilled Ukrainian women in the European Union. We compare two regions, Opole Voivodeship (Poland) and Upper Austria. Utilising a quantitative survey, we offer a comparative exploration of the drivers behind deskilling. This paper contributes to the growing literature on labour market access for female refugees, corroborating existing literature on ‘double’ and ‘triple disadvantage’ scenarios by highlighting deskilling processes and underemployment mechanisms in the context of instant labour market access. Moreover, it compares the diverse drivers of deskilling, ‘gender blindness’ in policy responses and the influence policymaking has on the allocation of migrant and refugee labour into sectors with shortages.","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To date, discussions on migrants' integration and returnees' reintegration have been kept apart. With the increased salience of return migration, reintegration schemes have gained importance, not only for European countries aiming at preventing further migration after return but also for migrants' countries of origin. However, research on reintegration from the perspective of transnational migration governance is still scarce. This article thus contributes to the advancement of theoretical approaches to return and reintegration policies by showing how core rationales of migrant integration in Europe spill over to the context of reintegration beyond the continent. Drawing from an ethnographic research project on gender, return migration and reintegration in West Africa, we compare the European key actors' perceptions of (re)integration, in the cases of Germany and Switzerland, with those of their counterparts in Guinea and Senegal. Moreover, we touch on how the returnees and their families and communities perceive the key actors' definitions of reintegration. Our results show the different ways in which Eurocentric expectations and rationales of migrant integration come to shape their reintegration support schemes in the countries of return. These include the narrowly defined target groups, the paradigm of ‘promoting and demanding’, which currently gravitates towards the principle of ‘demanding and controlling’, a high priority on economic (re)integration, and accountability.
{"title":"How European integration rationales shape reintegration assistance in Guinea and Senegal","authors":"Luzia Jurt, Eveline Odermatt","doi":"10.1111/imig.13362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13362","url":null,"abstract":"To date, discussions on migrants' integration and returnees' reintegration have been kept apart. With the increased salience of return migration, reintegration schemes have gained importance, not only for European countries aiming at preventing further migration after return but also for migrants' countries of origin. However, research on reintegration from the perspective of transnational migration governance is still scarce. This article thus contributes to the advancement of theoretical approaches to return and reintegration policies by showing how core rationales of migrant integration in Europe spill over to the context of reintegration beyond the continent. Drawing from an ethnographic research project on gender, return migration and reintegration in West Africa, we compare the European key actors' perceptions of (re)integration, in the cases of Germany and Switzerland, with those of their counterparts in Guinea and Senegal. Moreover, we touch on how the returnees and their families and communities perceive the key actors' definitions of reintegration. Our results show the different ways in which Eurocentric expectations and rationales of migrant integration come to shape their reintegration support schemes in the countries of return. These include the narrowly defined target groups, the paradigm of ‘promoting and demanding’, which currently gravitates towards the principle of ‘demanding and controlling’, a high priority on economic (re)integration, and accountability.","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mari‐Liis Jakobson, Josefina Sipinen, Kaarel Taimla
This article tackles the puzzle of why immigrant voters would support a populist radical right party (PRRP). Exploring the case of Estonian residents in Finland, it draws on 13 in‐depth interviews conducted with Estonians who voted for the Finns Party in the 2021 Finnish local elections, and survey data. The article produces a conceptual model explaining how both homeland politics and integration to residence country contribute to PRRP support. Estonians' support for the Finns Party partly results from a political realignment in Estonia and the Estonian PRRP's campaign activities. The influence of homeland politics is also furthered by their lack of political integration in the residence country, and their experience of immigrant integration, which prompts them to identify as ‘the good immigrant’ as opposed to groups they consider less integrated and thus position as inferior to themselves.
{"title":"Are Estonians the true Finns? Homeland and residence country perspectives on support for the populist radical right","authors":"Mari‐Liis Jakobson, Josefina Sipinen, Kaarel Taimla","doi":"10.1111/imig.13356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13356","url":null,"abstract":"This article tackles the puzzle of why immigrant voters would support a populist radical right party (PRRP). Exploring the case of Estonian residents in Finland, it draws on 13 in‐depth interviews conducted with Estonians who voted for the Finns Party in the 2021 Finnish local elections, and survey data. The article produces a conceptual model explaining how both homeland politics and integration to residence country contribute to PRRP support. Estonians' support for the Finns Party partly results from a political realignment in Estonia and the Estonian PRRP's campaign activities. The influence of homeland politics is also furthered by their lack of political integration in the residence country, and their experience of immigrant integration, which prompts them to identify as ‘the good immigrant’ as opposed to groups they consider less integrated and thus position as inferior to themselves.","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This exploratory study investigates the use of Gender‐based Analysis Plus (GBA+) in Canada's immigration programme development. The objectives of the article are as follows: first, to provide insight into the structures within the Immigration Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) that support GBA+ and understand how it is applied in practice; second, to evaluate the transformative potential of GBA+ in this context. Drawing on IRCC's policy, guidelines, Annual Reports to Parliament and self‐assessments, the article makes a preliminary finding that GBA+ is unlikely to prompt transformation of key tenets of the immigration system, but it can stimulate incremental changes, particularly in areas that are already more responsive to systemic barriers (such as the refugee class). However, more in‐depth study is needed into the IRCC's culture and attitude towards GBA+ as well as full content analysis of GBA+ of a larger sample of recent initiatives.
{"title":"GBA+ in Canada's immigration system: Opportunities and limitations","authors":"Sasha Baglay","doi":"10.1111/imig.13355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13355","url":null,"abstract":"This exploratory study investigates the use of Gender‐based Analysis Plus (GBA+) in Canada's immigration programme development. The objectives of the article are as follows: first, to provide insight into the structures within the Immigration Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) that support GBA+ and understand how it is applied in practice; second, to evaluate the transformative potential of GBA+ in this context. Drawing on IRCC's policy, guidelines, Annual Reports to Parliament and self‐assessments, the article makes a preliminary finding that GBA+ is unlikely to prompt transformation of key tenets of the immigration system, but it can stimulate incremental changes, particularly in areas that are already more responsive to systemic barriers (such as the refugee class). However, more in‐depth study is needed into the IRCC's culture and attitude towards GBA+ as well as full content analysis of GBA+ of a larger sample of recent initiatives.","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drawing on qualitative interviews with South Korean (Korean hereinafter) migrants in Western Canada, this study examines the migrants' sense of belonging and social networking practices during their post‐migration settlement and adaptation, including during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study focuses on a relatively recent cohort of Korean labour migrants whose main motivation for migration was to explore flexible and relaxed ways of living in the host society. Through an analysis of these migrants' lived experiences, the study examines how they have managed various forms of social networking and developed particular senses of social belonging. The study reveals the migrants' lack of a sense of social belonging and tendency to pursue individualized micro‐networks, which were particularly challenged during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
{"title":"Living in micro‐networks: Korean migrants' social networking practices in Canadian cities","authors":"Kyong Yoon","doi":"10.1111/imig.13357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13357","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on qualitative interviews with South Korean (Korean hereinafter) migrants in Western Canada, this study examines the migrants' sense of belonging and social networking practices during their post‐migration settlement and adaptation, including during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study focuses on a relatively recent cohort of Korean labour migrants whose main motivation for migration was to explore flexible and relaxed ways of living in the host society. Through an analysis of these migrants' lived experiences, the study examines how they have managed various forms of social networking and developed particular senses of social belonging. The study reveals the migrants' lack of a sense of social belonging and tendency to pursue individualized micro‐networks, which were particularly challenged during the COVID‐19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the role of intangible factors in the migration decision‐making processes of citizens from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. While the existing literature often highlights economic factors as the primary drivers of migration, this research explores how religious identity and perception of democracy and freedoms—specifically, freedom of expression and electoral freedom—influence these decisions. Utilising data from the Arab Opinion Index from 2012 to 2020, the study covers nine MENA countries and considers variables, such as gender, education level, household economic status, age, residential area, religious affiliation, and views on social and political freedoms. The findings suggest that intangible factors, particularly religious identity and perceived lack of freedoms, significantly influence individuals' migration decisions, similar to economic factors. Individuals who identify as less religious, associate with a less religious social circle, and perceive that their freedoms are not protected are more likely to consider migrating. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of migration dynamics in the MENA region, providing policymakers with crucial insights to develop evidence‐based strategies addressing the complex drivers of migration.
{"title":"Revealing the role of intangible factors on migration in MENA: Religious identity and freedom perceptions","authors":"Ayşe Perihan Kırkıç","doi":"10.1111/imig.13354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13354","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the role of intangible factors in the migration decision‐making processes of citizens from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. While the existing literature often highlights economic factors as the primary drivers of migration, this research explores how religious identity and perception of democracy and freedoms—specifically, freedom of expression and electoral freedom—influence these decisions. Utilising data from the Arab Opinion Index from 2012 to 2020, the study covers nine MENA countries and considers variables, such as gender, education level, household economic status, age, residential area, religious affiliation, and views on social and political freedoms. The findings suggest that intangible factors, particularly religious identity and perceived lack of freedoms, significantly influence individuals' migration decisions, similar to economic factors. Individuals who identify as less religious, associate with a less religious social circle, and perceive that their freedoms are not protected are more likely to consider migrating. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of migration dynamics in the MENA region, providing policymakers with crucial insights to develop evidence‐based strategies addressing the complex drivers of migration.","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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