International Migration最新文献

Tan, Y., X. Liu. 2024. Location and Visa-Category Determinants of Naturalization in Australia. International Migration 62, no. 2: 66–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13231.

This study was funded by the Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Project (DP170101726). As we prepare our Final Report to the ARC, we have been advised that the grant acknowledgment must be explicitly included in the publication for it to be recognised as an official output of this funded project.

To ensure compliance, we are adding the following Acknowledgment to the paper:

“This research was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC), grant number DP170101726.”

We apologize for this error.

Enlisting states of origin or transit to prevent exit from their own territory has become a tool of extraterritorial migration control for industrialised liberal democratic states. This article first explores the practical erosion of the right to leave any country since the demise of communism, focusing on arrangements between EU member states and select African states of origin or transit. I then document the legitimating function performed by the anti-smuggling and search and rescue regimes in effacing the human right to leave. I conclude by situating exit restrictions in a wider European project of promoting, building and supporting border infrastructure in the name of development and capacity building in select African countries. This permits reflection on what the contemporary use of exit restrictions signifies for the equation of border control and sovereignty.

This article argues that there is no single form of security that reduces insecurity but rather forms of (in)security that are contradictory and mutually destructive. This is the case between traditional liberal security, based on evidence, the individual and the penal order, and contemporary predictive preventive security, based on ‘reasonable’ suspicion. The digitisation of data has accelerated this trend towards preventive security, which is created through the creation of specific data-organising categories according to algorithms, the sorting out of profiles of ‘persons of concern’ ranked according to their level of danger, and the so-called ability of artificial intelligence to predict the future behaviour of individuals in order to place some of them under surveillance. This applies not only to terrorists or criminals, but also to many international travellers, making their use banal. The databases of the European agency EU-LISA will help to show the functioning of this new ‘dispositif’ of suspicion, which endangers democratic politics.

The digitisation of borders has permeated academic and political debates, the image of ‘digital fortress Europe’ becoming normalised and taken for granted. This ‘taken for grantedness’, however, clashes with the reality on the ground and has important implications for migrants' rights and credibility. This paper seeks to supplement accounts that foreground the assumed omnipresence of digital technologies with an analysis of their concomitant absence. Drawing on fieldwork in Italy, it demonstrates how the discourse around digital borders sustains states' ‘epistemic borderwork’ and erases migrants' knowledge and rights claims. Overall, the paper reflects on which technologies are made absent and present at the EU borders, and how both absence and presence are imbricated in power relations that enable new forms of violence and reactivate legacies of subordination and domination.

Migration and health is one of the fields that encompasses all key aspects of global health. The health of migrants is impacted predominantly by determinants of health, conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. The determinants are dynamic and vary during the pre-departure, transit, arrival and return phases, spanning across cities, regions, countries and continents. Literature on migration and health is not reflective of the global migratory patterns and their composition. The literature is predominantly produced by researchers in high-income countries, overlooking patterns and priorities in low- and middle-income countries. Additionally, data on migratory status, a determinant of health, is often absent in national health information systems. It is essential to generate evidence that considers the diverse nature of migration and the heterogeneous migrant population across and within nations and regions.

The role played by health status in shaping return migration intentions and decisions has received little attention. The few existing studies show conflicting results: poor and deteriorating health can be associated with both higher and lower propensity to return-migrate, depending on the context. In this paper, we investigate the health-return nexus for older migrants in Italy. We carry out two analyses. First, we use quantitative survey data to explore the relationship between health and return intentions of older immigrants from both high-migration-pressure countries and Western European countries. Second, in order to dig deeper into the complexity of return-migration decision-making, we draw on interviews with three groups of older migrants in Italy: retired labour migrants from Morocco; the ‘zero-generation’ Albanian parents of labour migrants who have joined their children in Italy; and British international retirement migrants. Results differ for each group and type of analysis, but the role of health and the location of children stand out as key factors in the stay-return dilemma.