Transnational Social Protection makes a significant contribution to the literature on international migration, welfare state, safety nets and social policy. It explores the dynamic interplay between international migrants and their families, highlighting their mutual support and protection amidst changing welfare state landscapes worldwide. It navigates the intricate conjunction where welfare states are scaling back, placing increasing responsibility on families for caregiving and protecting one another, all the while individuals embark on international journeys for education, employment, retirement or seeking health care, aiming to secure their own well-being and that of their loved ones. These macro-level shifts in state policies, societal structures and global economies, particularly amid rising inequalities, profoundly affect individuals and families worldwide. In line with existing literature, this book challenges the traditional, nationally bounded models of social protection in the context of increasing international migration, highlighting the need for a broader perspective in understanding social protection systems beyond national borders.
Based on their previous work (Dobbs & Levitt, 2017; Levitt et al., 2017; Paul, 2017) and existing literature (Bilecen & Barglowski, 2015; Faist, 2019; Faist et al., 2015; Ho et al., 2021), the authors introduce a novel concept in this book: ‘Hybrid transnational social protection’. The term ‘transnational’ encompasses not only the bi-directional interactions between countries of origin and destination but also extends to scenarios where individuals may undergo multiple migrations over their lifetimes, gaining access to multiple social protection systems. The authors argue to employ the term ‘hybrid’ to capture the diverse, flexible, and contingent nature of these arrangements. ‘Hybrid transnational social protection’ refers to a wide spectrum of policies, initiatives, individuals, organizations and institutions that cater to and safeguard individual migrants and their families across borders, irrespective of whether these movements are voluntary, forced, permanent, short-term or cyclical in nature. However, the author's'' decision to introduce the term ‘hybrid’ into the terminology raises some questions because earlier research on transnational social protection exactly advocated for similar ideas (e.g. Boccagni, 2017; Serra Mingot & Mazzucato, 2018). The distinct contribution that hybridity brings to this body of literature remains unclear.
The book features seven chapters, including introduction and conclusion. Five chapters explore crucial aspects of social protection across an individual's life, such as family caregiving, education, labour, health and ageing, all significant in shaping one's journey through social protection.
The first chapter
第四章重点关注健康问题,第五章则探讨老龄化和老年人护理问题。尽管侧重点不同,但两章都强调了不同的流动群体、制度框架和相关的资源环境。这两章深入探讨了不同的流动模式如何与其资源环境相互作用并受其影响,为了解社会保护的这些重要方面中各种因素的复杂相互作用提供了宝贵的见解。结论一章综合了全书提出的所有关键论点。它强调了国家在社会保护领域的核心作用,同时也承认了国际移民及其家庭在缺乏国家支持的社会保护的情况下所表现出的机智和韧性。虽然作者承认社会网络在社会保护中的作用,但他们往往将其作为提供社会保护的其他机构的后备选择或替代方案,而没有赋予其与一些现有文献(如 Bilecen & Barglowski, 2015; Gehring, 2016)相同的重要性。作者认识到,并非所有移民身边都有支持他们的人,他们的资源可能有限且不可靠,这凸显了社会网络的复杂性。然而,该研究缺乏对网络资源的系统分析。在结论一章的最后一个小节中,作者提请人们注意政策制定者和倡导者所面临的主要挑战。这些挑战包括:国家与公民之间的社会契约之间的矛盾、维护社会民主政策所需的社会凝聚力,以及谁应该获得各种资源和如何管理新移民获得资源的问题。本章呼吁重新评估国家的作用,即在努力确保平等保护的同时,国家能在多大程度上保护其公民和居民。这一探究本可以扩展到国家社会保障制度的规则和条例的公平性。本章促使人们重新评估社区的界限,探讨社区成员之间的责任和义务。在此,纳入对团结和将社区联系在一起的因素的考虑将是有益的(例如,Bauböck & Scholten, 2016; Tilly, 1973; Wellman, 1979)。通过囊括大量实例,本书为读者提供了对这一主题的全面理解,使其成为对跨国社会保护进行细致入微、意义深远的探索的宝贵资源。我向研究国际移民、社会保护和社会政策的学者推荐本书。所有章节都很好地平衡了来自不同利益相关者的观点,包括国家实体、非政府组织、同乡会、宗教机构、具有不同流动经历和背景的移民。这种方法有效地描绘了跨国社会保护的全貌。每一章都经过深思熟虑,对各自的主题领域进行了深入探讨,并提供了来自不同国家的大量证据。此外,所有章节对于希望将其纳入以社会政策、社会和制度变革、福利国家和国际移民为重点的本科生和研究生课程的教育工作者来说都是非常宝贵的。具体而言,第 2-5 章可用来向本科生全面介绍社会保护的各个领域,然后再辅以其他国家的案例和材料。本书评中表达的观点仅代表作者本人,不代表编辑、编辑委员会、国际移民组织或 John Wiley & Sons 的观点。
{"title":"Levitt, Peggy, Dobbs, Erica, Chich-Yan Sun, Ken, Paul, Ruxandra. 2023. Transnational Social Protection: Social Welfare Across National Borders. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 240.","authors":"Başak Bilecen","doi":"10.1111/imig.13272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Transnational Social Protection</i> makes a significant contribution to the literature on international migration, welfare state, safety nets and social policy. It explores the dynamic interplay between international migrants and their families, highlighting their mutual support and protection amidst changing welfare state landscapes worldwide. It navigates the intricate conjunction where welfare states are scaling back, placing increasing responsibility on families for caregiving and protecting one another, all the while individuals embark on international journeys for education, employment, retirement or seeking health care, aiming to secure their own well-being and that of their loved ones. These macro-level shifts in state policies, societal structures and global economies, particularly amid rising inequalities, profoundly affect individuals and families worldwide. In line with existing literature, this book challenges the traditional, nationally bounded models of social protection in the context of increasing international migration, highlighting the need for a broader perspective in understanding social protection systems beyond national borders.</p><p>Based on their previous work (Dobbs & Levitt, <span>2017</span>; Levitt et al., <span>2017</span>; Paul, <span>2017</span>) and existing literature (Bilecen & Barglowski, <span>2015</span>; Faist, <span>2019</span>; Faist et al., <span>2015</span>; Ho et al., <span>2021</span>), the authors introduce a novel concept in this book: ‘Hybrid transnational social protection’. The term ‘transnational’ encompasses not only the bi-directional interactions between countries of origin and destination but also extends to scenarios where individuals may undergo multiple migrations over their lifetimes, gaining access to multiple social protection systems. The authors argue to employ the term ‘hybrid’ to capture the diverse, flexible, and contingent nature of these arrangements. ‘Hybrid transnational social protection’ refers to a wide spectrum of policies, initiatives, individuals, organizations and institutions that cater to and safeguard individual migrants and their families across borders, irrespective of whether these movements are voluntary, forced, permanent, short-term or cyclical in nature. However, the author's'' decision to introduce the term ‘hybrid’ into the terminology raises some questions because earlier research on transnational social protection exactly advocated for similar ideas (e.g. Boccagni, <span>2017</span>; Serra Mingot & Mazzucato, <span>2018</span>). The distinct contribution that hybridity brings to this body of literature remains unclear.</p><p>The book features seven chapters, including introduction and conclusion. Five chapters explore crucial aspects of social protection across an individual's life, such as family caregiving, education, labour, health and ageing, all significant in shaping one's journey through social protection.</p><p>The first chapter ","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imig.13272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deconstructing migration studies and identity studies: The need for an alternative scientific lens","authors":"Ayhan Kaya","doi":"10.1111/imig.13271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reed, Kate & Schenck, Marcia C.. 2023. The Right to Research: Historical Narratives by Refugees and Global South Researchers. Montreal, QC: McGill-Queen’s University Press. pp. 280.","authors":"Elena Isayev","doi":"10.1111/imig.13267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morris, Julia C. 2023. Asylum and Extraction in the Republic of Nauru. Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press. pp. 318.","authors":"Samantha O'Donnell","doi":"10.1111/imig.13268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laczko, Frank, Mosler Vidal, Elisa, Rango, Marzia. 2024. Measuring Global Migration: Towards Better Data for All. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 224.","authors":"Şule Toktaş","doi":"10.1111/imig.13270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Camilla Fraudatario, Giuseppe Giordano, Anna Maria Zaccaria
This article analyses immigrant entrepreneurship in different urban contexts and recognizes its significant impact on the economic and sociocultural development of cities. Immigrant entrepreneurs are often concentrated in neighbourhoods and promote diversified economic activities. The mixed embeddedness (ME) framework highlights the complex interplay of contextual, economic and institutional factors that shape immigrant entrepreneurship. As a source of social capital, entrepreneurial networks provide access to resources and opportunities. Despite all progress, the systematic analysis and quantification of embeddedness among immigrant entrepreneurs remains a challenge. This article aims to understand how different urban contexts shape various entrepreneurial strategies by quantifying forms of embeddedness. To pursue this goal, we examined the entrepreneurial strategies of Sri Lankans in Rione Sanità (Naples, Italy) and Pakistani entrepreneurs in Rusholme (Manchester, United Kingdom). By using social network analysis, this article reveals distinct forms of embeddedness and how the characteristics of urban contexts and groups simultaneously help define differences in entrepreneurial strategies.
{"title":"Beyond mixed embeddedness: Multilevel personal networks of migrant entrepreneurs in Naples and Manchester","authors":"Maria Camilla Fraudatario, Giuseppe Giordano, Anna Maria Zaccaria","doi":"10.1111/imig.13262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13262","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses immigrant entrepreneurship in different urban contexts and recognizes its significant impact on the economic and sociocultural development of cities. Immigrant entrepreneurs are often concentrated in neighbourhoods and promote diversified economic activities. The mixed embeddedness (ME) framework highlights the complex interplay of contextual, economic and institutional factors that shape immigrant entrepreneurship. As a source of social capital, entrepreneurial networks provide access to resources and opportunities. Despite all progress, the systematic analysis and quantification of embeddedness among immigrant entrepreneurs remains a challenge. This article aims to understand how different urban contexts shape various entrepreneurial strategies by quantifying forms of embeddedness. To pursue this goal, we examined the entrepreneurial strategies of Sri Lankans in Rione Sanità (Naples, Italy) and Pakistani entrepreneurs in Rusholme (Manchester, United Kingdom). By using social network analysis, this article reveals distinct forms of embeddedness and how the characteristics of urban contexts and groups simultaneously help define differences in entrepreneurial strategies.","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sebastián Umpierrez de Reguero, Rainer Bauböck, Klaudia Wegschaider
So far, 21 countries have introduced—and some thereafter withdrawn—reserved legislative seats for their citizens living abroad. Existing literature on this form of special representation has studied this topic either empirically or normatively. We bring these two approaches together based on the main dimensions of institutional variation of special representation: (1) eligibility, (2) constituency structure and (3) electoral proportionality. We first discuss each dimension from a normative perspective. In the second step, we map the range of empirical variation and highlight the most common arrangements. We conclude that the normative justification for special representation is generally weak, but some institutional configurations pose fewer problems. Specifically, we see fewer issues with special representation when electoral inclusion is limited to the first generation of emigrants and when it is used to limit the electoral influence of non‐resident populations that make up a large share of the overall electorate. By grounding our normative discussion on an empirical mapping, we bridge two disconnected literatures on special representation of non‐resident citizens.
{"title":"Evaluating special representation of non‐resident citizens: Eligibility, constituency and proportionality","authors":"Sebastián Umpierrez de Reguero, Rainer Bauböck, Klaudia Wegschaider","doi":"10.1111/imig.13263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13263","url":null,"abstract":"So far, 21 countries have introduced—and some thereafter withdrawn—reserved legislative seats for their citizens living abroad. Existing literature on this form of special representation has studied this topic either empirically <jats:italic>or</jats:italic> normatively. We bring these two approaches together based on the main dimensions of institutional variation of special representation: (1) eligibility, (2) constituency structure and (3) electoral proportionality. We first discuss each dimension from a normative perspective. In the second step, we map the range of empirical variation and highlight the most common arrangements. We conclude that the normative justification for special representation is generally weak, but some institutional configurations pose fewer problems. Specifically, we see fewer issues with special representation when electoral inclusion is limited to the first generation of emigrants and when it is used to limit the electoral influence of non‐resident populations that make up a large share of the overall electorate. By grounding our normative discussion on an empirical mapping, we bridge two disconnected literatures on special representation of non‐resident citizens.","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Newcomers are using informal means to find settlement information that is also freely available through formal settlement service providers. Newcomers may seek settlement information on Reddit when the same information might be found through a settlement service provider. This study finds that several Reddit submissions can be categorized in at least one or more of the formal settlement service categories. There is some overlap between informal conversations on Reddit and formalized settlement services. However, informal spaces go beyond providing settlement information in formalized categories. These results suggest that there is scope for policymakers to take a closer look at online conversations to better understand the needs of newcomers when they are looking for information about settling in Canada before and after they arrive. There is the potential to use this information to identify service gaps and create new funded settlement service categories. There is also the potential to accurately train a machine learning model to classify new Reddit submissions and produce real-time advice to policymakers on newcomer information needs.
{"title":"Searching for settlement information on Reddit","authors":"Stein Monteiro","doi":"10.1111/imig.13261","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imig.13261","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Newcomers are using informal means to find settlement information that is also freely available through formal settlement service providers. Newcomers may seek settlement information on Reddit when the same information might be found through a settlement service provider. This study finds that several Reddit submissions can be categorized in at least one or more of the formal settlement service categories. There is some overlap between informal conversations on Reddit and formalized settlement services. However, informal spaces go beyond providing settlement information in formalized categories. These results suggest that there is scope for policymakers to take a closer look at online conversations to better understand the needs of newcomers when they are looking for information about settling in Canada before and after they arrive. There is the potential to use this information to identify service gaps and create new funded settlement service categories. There is also the potential to accurately train a machine learning model to classify new Reddit submissions and produce real-time advice to policymakers on newcomer information needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imig.13261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article contributes to two interconnected fields of study: recent literature on intra-EU migration, specifically South–North flows; and scholarship into the impact of intersecting crises on (im)mobilities. Interest in intra-EU mobilities has increased with the expansion of the EU and especially since the 2008 Great Recession, with a focus mostly on young people and East–West flows. However, based on a mixed-methods research approach, this article looks at the recent migration of individuals and families from Spain to the UK and Germany, two of the main destinations in Europe. It explores the impacts on (im)mobility strategies of three intersecting “crises”: starting with emigration since 2008, including the erosion of EU mobile citizens' rights culminating in “Brexit,” and ending with the effects of COVID-19. Our analysis situates these migrant experiences in the interplay between core-periphery theories and the concept of liquid migration, highlighting how crises accentuate vulnerabilities but can also generate opportunities.
{"title":"The impact of intersecting crises on recent intra-EU mobilities: The case of Spaniards in the UK and Germany","authors":"Anastasia Bermudez, Beltrán Roca","doi":"10.1111/imig.13266","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imig.13266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article contributes to two interconnected fields of study: recent literature on intra-EU migration, specifically South–North flows; and scholarship into the impact of intersecting crises on (im)mobilities. Interest in intra-EU mobilities has increased with the expansion of the EU and especially since the 2008 Great Recession, with a focus mostly on young people and East–West flows. However, based on a mixed-methods research approach, this article looks at the recent migration of individuals and families from Spain to the UK and Germany, two of the main destinations in Europe. It explores the impacts on (im)mobility strategies of three intersecting “crises”: starting with emigration since 2008, including the erosion of EU mobile citizens' rights culminating in “Brexit,” and ending with the effects of COVID-19. Our analysis situates these migrant experiences in the interplay between core-periphery theories and the concept of liquid migration, highlighting how crises accentuate vulnerabilities but can also generate opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imig.13266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140640038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Syrian civil war caused humanitarian tragedy, resulting in significant losses and massive migration movement, significantly impacting nursing services. The purpose of this study was to identify the problems and experiences of nurses who provided care for Syrian asylum seekers in Turkish border hospitals during the war. This phenomenological and qualitative research selected participants with maximum diversity sampling. Interviews were conducted with 68 nurses who provided care and treatment to asylum seekers during the peak of the war. Data analysis identified two main themes and nine sub-themes: language differences, interpreting services, intercultural differences, complex patients, non-compliance with hospital rules, treatment programmes and discharge issues. The nurses experienced both positive and negative emotions during the process. During the Syrian war, patient care issues were identified as being primarily caused by language and cultural differences among asylum seekers and nurses. During this process, nurses who cared for severe injuries and asylum-seekers experienced both positive and negative emotions simultaneously.
{"title":"Healthcare delivery in the shadow of war: The experiences of Turkish nurses providing care to Syrian asylum-seekers","authors":"Ayşe Çiçek Korkmaz, Ülkü Baykal","doi":"10.1111/imig.13265","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imig.13265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Syrian civil war caused humanitarian tragedy, resulting in significant losses and massive migration movement, significantly impacting nursing services. The purpose of this study was to identify the problems and experiences of nurses who provided care for Syrian asylum seekers in Turkish border hospitals during the war. This phenomenological and qualitative research selected participants with maximum diversity sampling. Interviews were conducted with 68 nurses who provided care and treatment to asylum seekers during the peak of the war. Data analysis identified two main themes and nine sub-themes: language differences, interpreting services, intercultural differences, complex patients, non-compliance with hospital rules, treatment programmes and discharge issues. The nurses experienced both positive and negative emotions during the process. During the Syrian war, patient care issues were identified as being primarily caused by language and cultural differences among asylum seekers and nurses. During this process, nurses who cared for severe injuries and asylum-seekers experienced both positive and negative emotions simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}