International Migration最新文献

The Australian Permanent Migration Program and related settlement services have been critical to Australia's success as a stable, democratic and culturally diverse nation. However, emerging research has revealed that this success may come with a high price for as many as one in four skilled migrants who find themselves employed beneath their level of education, expertise and experience, which we define as underemployment. We designed a study that sought to understand the settlement experiences of 36 Asia-Pacific-skilled migrants working as managers. Incorporating Spivak's concepts of subalternity, othering and alterity as a theoretical framework, our analysis uncovered how migrant identity intersected with the linguistic prejudice and othering that arose in migrants' everyday interactions with coworkers and employers. We found that the skilled migrants experienced linguistic prejudice and discrimination despite their high levels of English language proficiency.

The term ‘reintegration policies’ is increasing in utility within academic and policy communities. However, exactly what constitutes a reintegration policy is unclear, and the term is being operationalised within a conceptual vacuum. We define reintegration policies as instruments intended to address the social, economic, and political needs of returnees to facilitate their reintegration into society. In doing so, we consider five elements within a reintegration policy: (1) the target population; (2) the policy goals; (3) instruments; (4) administration and funding; and (5) the implementers of the policy. Three contemporary reintegration policies are compared and used as examples: the EU-IOM Joint Initiative on Migrant Protection and Reintegration, the Netherlands Subsidy Scheme for Supporting Voluntary Departure, and the Philippines reintegration policy for Overseas Foreign Workers. The results show that contemporary reintegration policies are diverse and manage trade-offs between migration management-led and protection-led reintegration policies.

Policymakers often assume that interactions between host society members and immigrants will promote integration. However, scholars caution against such assumptions, considering both contact theory's optimism and group threat theory's concerns. In the present study, we examine a series of hypotheses pertaining to intergroup contact and group threat theories, utilising data collected from Istanbul, Türkiye. Ordered logistic regression models are employed to examine how contact and threat dynamics affect integration perceptions. Findings indicate that the quality and site of intergroup contact, rather than its quantity, significantly influence host community members' perceptions of refugee integration and Syrians' self-perceptions of their integration. Furthermore, threat perceptions significantly affect integration perceptions while intergroup contact moderates the impact of threat perception.

In this paper I present the notion ‘migrant data extractivism’ and argue that it is a defining aspect of pervasive systems of data-based migration governance. I focus on two specific examples: the partnership between the International Rescue Committee and OpenAI for providing chatbot assistance for the delivery of educational experiences to refugees, and the collection and processing of migrant DNA by the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Within a system of ‘induced scarcity,’ forcibly displaced persons have been at the centre of exploitative mechanisms of behavioural data extraction aimed at expanding an economy of service provision that profits from the capture of migrant data with considerable behaviour-predictive value, and from racial-profiling securitization technologies. Working through the conceptual lens of the Latin American experience of extractivismo, I argue that migrant data extractivism goes far beyond mere user data collection. Migrant data extractivism sediments an ongoing shift from a system of rights, based on human dignity, to a system of sustained racialized dispossession, appropriation, and control, raising the question as to the limits of human rights in the datafied world.

The literature shows that immigrants who acquire citizenship tend to achieve better labour market outcomes than those who do not, though this may reflect positive selection rather than a causal effect. This study is the first to examine the consequences of citizenship acquisition for immigrants in Italy, a country with rising naturalisation rates and persistent ethnic penalties. Using nationally representative survey and register data for 2016, we compared natives, naturalised and non-naturalised immigrants on employment, socio-economic attainment and earnings. To disentangle selection from causal effects, we applied growth curve models and two-way fixed effects. Results show that naturalised immigrants have higher socio-economic attainment and earnings than their non-naturalised counterparts, but similar employment trajectories. These advantages are more pronounced among women. Overall, findings suggest that improved outcomes among naturalised immigrants are largely driven by positive selection into naturalisation, rather than by the acquisition of citizenship itself.