International Migration最新文献

This paper expands and enriches existing knowledge on the work–life balance of migrant workers by exploring the experiences of Polish nurses in Norway. Previous studies predominantly highlight the obstacles faced by migrant workers, such as discrimination, low status and poor working conditions, in achieving work–life balance. Based on ethnographic interviews with 15 Polish nurses working in Norwegian hospitals and nursing homes, our main finding is that these nurses achieved work–life balance through migration. This finding should be viewed in light of their previous experiences in Poland, a precarious state where work–life balance is largely absent, and the apparent insignificance of discrimination in the host country for this group of migrants. The study highlights work–life balance as a cultural process of normalization, constantly negotiated and symbolizing “the West”. Furthermore, it brings attention to the role of class, ethnicity and national contexts in the work–life balance of migrant women.

This article explores the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy among multinational refugees and migrants residing in various regions of Jordan. Drawing on an analysis of data collected from 636 participants in December 2021, only 58.2 per cent of the refugee community in Jordan received COVID-19 vaccines, knowing that vaccine hesitancy compromises vaccination campaign efforts to control the spread of the disease. In fact, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and local Jordanian authorities are well aware that, unless sufficiently vaccinated, the clustered populations of refugees and migrants might witness future infectious outbreaks similar to COVID-19. This study reveals that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is evident among the refugee and migrant populations, who are mainly sceptical of its efficiency and safety. Migrants and refugees also have a preference for certain types of COVID-19 vaccines. In light of the findings, future interventions are needed to mitigate their concerns and boost vaccine confidence. A more holistic policy approach should prioritize migrants and refugees who are female, unemployed, less educated, and/or have poor knowledge about COVID-19 and its vaccines. Unfortunately, imposing the COVID-19 vaccination as a compulsory measure has been poorly received by some migrants and refugees, making them more hesitant.

Adolescents' aspirations are strong predictors of their future outcomes, including later migration experiences. Adversity also shapes aspirations for and decisions about the future. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are measures of early exposure to adversity and may be associated with migration aspirations, though this relationship is understudied. Given high rates of gender-based violence, single-headed households and economic insecurity, Nicaragua is an important context to study this relationship. Drawing on Nicaragua Health and Stress Study data, we estimate multinomial logistic regressions to examine the association between adolescents' and mothers' ACEs and adolescent migration aspirations. We find that mothers' ACEs, but not adolescents' ACEs, are positively associated with adolescent migration aspirations. We also find that girls are more likely than boys to aspire to migrate. Results highlight how family and gender work together to shape young people's migration goals, with important implications for migration flows within and outside Central America.

Labour migration is one of the features of the modern labour market. The development of transport infrastructure, the spread of non-standard forms of employment, the globalization of all spheres of human activity and the growing unevenness of territorial development led to an increase in the mobility of the economically active population. In addition, various environmental disasters or military actions, such as the Russian Federation's war against Ukraine in February 2022, have an impact on the spread of migration. Labour migration undoubtedly contributes to the redistribution of labour and the efficiency of human capital. At the same time, like most other manifestations of a flexible labour market, labour migration poses a threat to weakening the social protection of workers, and therefore requires new, non-standard approaches to the organization of social security. Several scientific methods were used to conduct the study, including general scientific approaches such as dialectic, analysis, synthesis, abstraction and analogy. In addition, specific legal methods were used, in particular, formal legal, comparative legal and systemic-structural approaches. The purpose of this article is to study the current state of legislation and state policy on the social security of labour migrants. The aim is to identify existing problems and develop recommendations for their solution with the ultimate goal of improving the social protection of labour migrants.

The ongoing political turmoil gripping Sudan is fraught with violence between two opposing factions within its military government. This unsettling state of affairs has led to devastating consequences, including large-scale displacement of people and severe human rights violations, causing dire humanitarian consequences. Against this tumultuous backdrop, we explore how existing refugee law, one facet of international law governing refugees, can help bring relief amidst a volatile conflict zone. Examining complex legal questions ranging from determining who qualifies for asylum status through various geographic considerations to what role states play in securing basic protections for refugees fleeing persecution or war at home will be analysed herein. Further difficulties involving how these complex provisions protect refugees face hurdles due to practical factors like lack of resources or security concerns will be considered thoroughly. While recognizing that instituting legal reforms alone is not enough to address these complex crises due to various challenges of reasons ranging from political to practical, this paper concludes by putting forth strategic recommendations for improvement aimed towards bolstering resources and support mechanisms required for refugees across the region to ensure they can seize-hold of eventual solutions.

Return migration intentions are complex and are not necessarily followed by future return migration. This study compares successful return or repeated migration with self-declared return intentions. It takes advantage of the latest and unique German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) survey dropout studies and fieldwork to observe a wider return migration window than reported in the literature to answer the question of whether return migration intentions eventually coincided with actual emigration behaviours. Moreover, return migration estimates are examined over this long-observed return window. This empirical analysis explores (1) whether return intentions eventually materialize, (2) whether they can eventually predict actual return behaviours and (3) whether the determinants of actual and predicted return based on intentions are similar. Overall, my results support that migration intentions can predict actual return behaviour. While the underlying results show discrepancies in the predictors of return intentions and those of actual returns, they show emigration intentions as significant predictors of actual future emigration. Moreover, the findings suggest that life satisfaction significantly correlates with the individual intention to remigrate. Both effects are highly significant.

Peggy Pietsche, one of the most prominent voices of Black women in Germany, is sitting next to me during the conference Navigating the Changing Times of Gender, Sexuality, and Migration in Europe (2022). The conference poster, with beautiful figures and vibrant colours, is being projected on the auditorium screen as the plenary panel's backdrop. Pietsche leans towards me and remarks that the most problematic term in the conference title is ‘migration’. I look at her perplexed. I am a migration scholar and have done research on Turkish immigration to Germany for 20 years. Pietsche does not say more; the conference is about to start. As the speakers take their seats on the stage, her words are echoing in my mind: ‘the most problematic word in the conference title is migration’.

As a migration scholar, I am aware of the problems that come with the term migration, and in the past, many scholars have criticized this term on methodological and theoretical grounds (Türkmen, 2024). When I use the term ‘migration’, I mean a movement of people from one country to another with the intention of settling or moving again. This binary thinking, however, does not capture the complexities of migration that begin after immigrants arrive. One of the more recent terms that has come into use as a better alternative to migration is ‘postmigration’, a term coined by a group of artists led by the Gorki Theatre's (and previously Ballhaus Naunynstrasse's) director Shermin Langhoff (2011). Postmigration is both a theoretical framework and empirical fact: the term seeks to capture the complex socio-political dynamics that shape and are shaped by migration experiences, which in turn lead to the collective transformation of society through the act of migration (Foroutan, 2019).

I join a group of scholars who incorporate multidimensional ways of exploring migration processes while taking colonial history and postcolonial presence into account (Altay et al., 2023; Römhild, 2021). A critical difference distinguishes the concepts of migration and postmigration: Migration, as an analytical concept used to study people's movements, is limited to structural and contemporary conditions as well as normative categories. Postmigration focuses instead on how societies transform through migration. While analysing this transformation, a postmigrant framework is enhanced by engaging with migrants' experiences, historical legacies, cultural repertoires and colonial and postcolonial conditions. In this comparison, the postmigrant framework appears to take a more encompassing approach to analyse transformations through migration. The framework of postmigration has already been used widely in the German context, although it has received less recognition in other European or North American scholarship (see the research website for the German Center for Migration and Integration Research, www.dezi