Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.1007/s00148-023-00971-z
Yuanyuan Chen, W. Fu
{"title":"Migration control policy and parent–child separation among migrant families: evidence from China","authors":"Yuanyuan Chen, W. Fu","doi":"10.1007/s00148-023-00971-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00971-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45861430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.1007/s00148-023-00962-0
R. Franck
{"title":"The impact of industrialization on secondary schooling during the industrial revolution: evidence from nineteenth-century France","authors":"R. Franck","doi":"10.1007/s00148-023-00962-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00962-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43218776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1007/s00148-023-00956-y
Yarine Fawaz, P. Mira
{"title":"Social isolation, health dynamics, and mortality: evidence across 21 European countries","authors":"Yarine Fawaz, P. Mira","doi":"10.1007/s00148-023-00956-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00956-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44769725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1007/s00148-023-00967-9
Oliver Pardo
Abstract This paper shows how mandating workers to save more for retirement can lead them to work informally and save less. Consider a worker who is more productive in the formal sector but works informally to avoid mandatory retirement contributions. Lowering the contribution rate (the share of wages mandated to be saved) will paradoxically increase her retirement savings. The reason for this is that working informally acts as borrowing against mandatory savings. The implicit cost of such borrowing, and hence the opportunity cost of working informally, rises as the contribution rate drops. This creates a substitution effect favoring formal work, driving the worker towards the formal sector. As her formal income increases, the base for her mandatory contributions rises, expanding her retirement savings. Therefore, the optimal contribution rate is no greater than the highest contribution rate under which the worker prefers to work exclusively in the formal sector.
{"title":"Mandatory retirement savings in the presence of an informal labor market","authors":"Oliver Pardo","doi":"10.1007/s00148-023-00967-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00967-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper shows how mandating workers to save more for retirement can lead them to work informally and save less. Consider a worker who is more productive in the formal sector but works informally to avoid mandatory retirement contributions. Lowering the contribution rate (the share of wages mandated to be saved) will paradoxically increase her retirement savings. The reason for this is that working informally acts as borrowing against mandatory savings. The implicit cost of such borrowing, and hence the opportunity cost of working informally, rises as the contribution rate drops. This creates a substitution effect favoring formal work, driving the worker towards the formal sector. As her formal income increases, the base for her mandatory contributions rises, expanding her retirement savings. Therefore, the optimal contribution rate is no greater than the highest contribution rate under which the worker prefers to work exclusively in the formal sector.","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135708531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1007/s00148-023-00972-y
Giovanni Peri, Reem Zaiour
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic produced a significant decline in international immigration to the USA between 2020 and 2021. This paper documents the timing, characteristics, and heterogeneity of the change in immigration across states and economic sectors. Additionally, we describe the trends in internal native mobility in the USA prior to and after the pandemic, investigating whether natives responded to the decrease in immigration by relocating either geographically or across sectors. Despite the substantial drop in international migration, we do not observe any significant changes in native internal mobility. Employing a panel regression and a shift-share IV, we study the effect of foreign immigration, the emergence of remote-work, and changes in labor demand on cross-state native mobility. Our results indicate that the decline in immigration following COVID-19 and the differential availability of remote-work opportunities across sectors and states did not drive changes in natives’ cross- state or cross-sector mobility.
{"title":"Changes in international immigration and internal native mobility after COVID-19 in the USA","authors":"Giovanni Peri, Reem Zaiour","doi":"10.1007/s00148-023-00972-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00972-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic produced a significant decline in international immigration to the USA between 2020 and 2021. This paper documents the timing, characteristics, and heterogeneity of the change in immigration across states and economic sectors. Additionally, we describe the trends in internal native mobility in the USA prior to and after the pandemic, investigating whether natives responded to the decrease in immigration by relocating either geographically or across sectors. Despite the substantial drop in international migration, we do not observe any significant changes in native internal mobility. Employing a panel regression and a shift-share IV, we study the effect of foreign immigration, the emergence of remote-work, and changes in labor demand on cross-state native mobility. Our results indicate that the decline in immigration following COVID-19 and the differential availability of remote-work opportunities across sectors and states did not drive changes in natives’ cross- state or cross-sector mobility.","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135702556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.1007/s00148-023-00969-7
Nora El-Bialy, E. Aranda, A. Nicklisch, Lamis Saleh, S. Voigt
{"title":"No man is an island: trust, trustworthiness, and social networks among refugees in Germany","authors":"Nora El-Bialy, E. Aranda, A. Nicklisch, Lamis Saleh, S. Voigt","doi":"10.1007/s00148-023-00969-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00969-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45281958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.1007/s00148-023-00955-z
M. Khanna, Nishtha Kochhar
{"title":"Do marriage markets respond to a natural disaster? The impact of flooding of the Kosi river in India","authors":"M. Khanna, Nishtha Kochhar","doi":"10.1007/s00148-023-00955-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00955-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48193329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1007/s00148-023-00961-1
Bastian Schulz, Fabian Siuda
{"title":"Marriage and divorce: the role of unemployment insurance","authors":"Bastian Schulz, Fabian Siuda","doi":"10.1007/s00148-023-00961-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00961-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42408250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1007/s00148-023-00965-x
Melissa S. Kearney, Phillip B. Levine
We document the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on births in the USA. First, using Vital Statistics birth data on the universe of US births, we show that the US pandemic initially was associated with a “baby bust” period, from August 2020 through February 2021. During these 7 months, there were nearly 100,000 fewer births than predicted based on pre-existing birth trends and seasonality. Many of these missing births would have been conceived after the pandemic began in March of 2020, consistent with a behavioral fertility response to pandemic conditions. Other missing births would have been conceived before the onset of the pandemic. Some of these are attributable to reduced immigration of pregnant women and some to altered pregnancy outcomes for women who were pregnant during the early months of the pandemic. We further document a COVID birth rebound between March and September 2021, amounting to about 30,000 more births than predicted. Second, we document variation across US states in the size of the baby bust and rebound and investigate how that variation statistically relates to contextual factors. The bust was larger in states with larger increases in the unemployment rate, a larger reduction in household spending, and more COVID cases. The rebound was larger in states that experienced larger improvements in the labor market and household spending, consistent with a positive effect of economic conditions on birth rates, and smaller in places that had mask mandates, consistent with a dampening role of social anxiety about the ongoing pandemic.
{"title":"The US COVID-19 baby bust and rebound","authors":"Melissa S. Kearney, Phillip B. Levine","doi":"10.1007/s00148-023-00965-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00965-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We document the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on births in the USA. First, using Vital Statistics birth data on the universe of US births, we show that the US pandemic initially was associated with a “baby bust” period, from August 2020 through February 2021. During these 7 months, there were nearly 100,000 fewer births than predicted based on pre-existing birth trends and seasonality. Many of these missing births would have been conceived after the pandemic began in March of 2020, consistent with a behavioral fertility response to pandemic conditions. Other missing births would have been conceived before the onset of the pandemic. Some of these are attributable to reduced immigration of pregnant women and some to altered pregnancy outcomes for women who were pregnant during the early months of the pandemic. We further document a COVID birth rebound between March and September 2021, amounting to about 30,000 more births than predicted. Second, we document variation across US states in the size of the baby bust and rebound and investigate how that variation statistically relates to contextual factors. The bust was larger in states with larger increases in the unemployment rate, a larger reduction in household spending, and more COVID cases. The rebound was larger in states that experienced larger improvements in the labor market and household spending, consistent with a positive effect of economic conditions on birth rates, and smaller in places that had mask mandates, consistent with a dampening role of social anxiety about the ongoing pandemic.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138495559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.1007/s00148-023-00959-9
William Jergins
{"title":"Gender equity and the gender gap in STEM: is there really a paradox?","authors":"William Jergins","doi":"10.1007/s00148-023-00959-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00959-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Population Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42089369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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