Pub Date : 2020-05-20DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2020.1768096
Anca M. Miron, N. Branscombe, David A. Lishner, Anthony C. Otradovec, S. Frankowski, Haley R. Bowers, Brittany L. Wierzba, Madison Malcore
Abstract We investigated the effects of group-level perspective taking when the target is an outgroup versus an ingroup. Men and women adopted the perspective of women suffering from wage inequality or remained objective. Men set lower injustice standards (i.e., required less evidence to conclude that gender inequality was unfair) and experienced higher empathic concern for women when they adopted women’s perspective. For women, these perspective-taking effects were similar if they imagined the situation of an outgroup (Experiment 2) but were small or negligible when they imagined the situation of an ingroup (Experiments 1–4). Results suggest that group-level perspective-taking effects on empathic concern and injustice standards require the perception of a distinction between the group-level self and the target group.
{"title":"Group-Level Perspective-Taking Effects on Injustice Standards and Empathic Concern When the Victims Are Categorized as Outgroup Versus Ingroup","authors":"Anca M. Miron, N. Branscombe, David A. Lishner, Anthony C. Otradovec, S. Frankowski, Haley R. Bowers, Brittany L. Wierzba, Madison Malcore","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2020.1768096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2020.1768096","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We investigated the effects of group-level perspective taking when the target is an outgroup versus an ingroup. Men and women adopted the perspective of women suffering from wage inequality or remained objective. Men set lower injustice standards (i.e., required less evidence to conclude that gender inequality was unfair) and experienced higher empathic concern for women when they adopted women’s perspective. For women, these perspective-taking effects were similar if they imagined the situation of an outgroup (Experiment 2) but were small or negligible when they imagined the situation of an ingroup (Experiments 1–4). Results suggest that group-level perspective-taking effects on empathic concern and injustice standards require the perception of a distinction between the group-level self and the target group.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01973533.2020.1768096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44165471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-13DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2020.1756817
W. Stroebe
Abstract Student Evaluations of Teaching (SETs) do not measure teaching effectiveness, and their widespread use by university administrators in decisions about faculty hiring, promotions, and merit increases encourages poor teaching and causes grade inflation. Students need to get good grades, and faculty members need to get good SETs. Therefore, SETs empower students to shape faculty behavior. This power can be used to reward lenient-grading instructors who require little work and to punish strict-grading instructors. This article reviews research that shows that students (a) reward teachers who grade leniently with positive SETs, (b) reward easy courses with positive SETs, and (c) choose courses that promise good grades. The study also shows that instructors want (and need) good SETs.
{"title":"Student Evaluations of Teaching Encourages Poor Teaching and Contributes to Grade Inflation: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis","authors":"W. Stroebe","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2020.1756817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2020.1756817","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Student Evaluations of Teaching (SETs) do not measure teaching effectiveness, and their widespread use by university administrators in decisions about faculty hiring, promotions, and merit increases encourages poor teaching and causes grade inflation. Students need to get good grades, and faculty members need to get good SETs. Therefore, SETs empower students to shape faculty behavior. This power can be used to reward lenient-grading instructors who require little work and to punish strict-grading instructors. This article reviews research that shows that students (a) reward teachers who grade leniently with positive SETs, (b) reward easy courses with positive SETs, and (c) choose courses that promise good grades. The study also shows that instructors want (and need) good SETs.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01973533.2020.1756817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41949796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-24DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2020.1754824
Nicole Methner, Susanne Bruckmüller, M. Steffens
Abstract The way public figures react to criticism can influence perceptions of and trust in them. We tested whether politicians who openly accepted criticism were perceived as more moral and warmer (i.e., more communal) and were trusted more than politicians who rejected criticism. Using fictitious politicians, Experiments 1–3 showed the expected positive effect of accepting criticism on communion and trust, moderated neither by the politician’s party affiliation (Experiment 2) nor by attacked dimension (competence or morality; Experiment 3, preregistered). With a front-runner in an upcoming election as target, Experiment 4 replicated the positive effect, but only for participants with a political orientation matching the politician’s affiliation. Taken together, acknowledging mistakes can be an effective impression management strategy for public figures.
{"title":"Can Accepting Criticism Be an Effective Impression Management Strategy for Public Figures? A Comparison with Denials and a Counterattack","authors":"Nicole Methner, Susanne Bruckmüller, M. Steffens","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2020.1754824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2020.1754824","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The way public figures react to criticism can influence perceptions of and trust in them. We tested whether politicians who openly accepted criticism were perceived as more moral and warmer (i.e., more communal) and were trusted more than politicians who rejected criticism. Using fictitious politicians, Experiments 1–3 showed the expected positive effect of accepting criticism on communion and trust, moderated neither by the politician’s party affiliation (Experiment 2) nor by attacked dimension (competence or morality; Experiment 3, preregistered). With a front-runner in an upcoming election as target, Experiment 4 replicated the positive effect, but only for participants with a political orientation matching the politician’s affiliation. Taken together, acknowledging mistakes can be an effective impression management strategy for public figures.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01973533.2020.1754824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48216527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-15DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2020.1747467
K. Salomon, J. Bosson, Mona El-Hout, Elizabeth Kiebel, Sophie L. Kuchynka, Samantha L. Shepard
Abstract We developed and validated a self-report scale assessing women’s daily experiences with hostile and benevolent sexism within domains of paternalism, gender differentiation, and heterosexuality. Women in two independent samples (Ns = 540 and 345) reported how frequently they experienced various hostile and benevolent forms of gender-based treatment derived from ambivalent sexism theory. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, along with item response theory, resulted in a 28-item scale (the Experiences with Ambivalent Sexism Inventory [EASI]) with five subscales assessing hostile sexism, heterosexual hostility, protective paternalism, complementary gender differentiation, and heterosexual intimacy. The EASI demonstrates good internal consistency reliability, convergent and divergent validity, concurrent validity, and incremental validity when compared with a self-report measure of benevolent sexism. Moreover, it can be used flexibly to measure sexism experiences within specific contexts. We also validated a 20-item short version (the EASI-20) and a very brief 10-item version (the EASI-10) for use in time-constrained contexts. Discussion considers the benefits that the EASI offers researchers, as well as its limitations.
{"title":"The Experiences with Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (EASI)","authors":"K. Salomon, J. Bosson, Mona El-Hout, Elizabeth Kiebel, Sophie L. Kuchynka, Samantha L. Shepard","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2020.1747467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2020.1747467","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We developed and validated a self-report scale assessing women’s daily experiences with hostile and benevolent sexism within domains of paternalism, gender differentiation, and heterosexuality. Women in two independent samples (Ns = 540 and 345) reported how frequently they experienced various hostile and benevolent forms of gender-based treatment derived from ambivalent sexism theory. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, along with item response theory, resulted in a 28-item scale (the Experiences with Ambivalent Sexism Inventory [EASI]) with five subscales assessing hostile sexism, heterosexual hostility, protective paternalism, complementary gender differentiation, and heterosexual intimacy. The EASI demonstrates good internal consistency reliability, convergent and divergent validity, concurrent validity, and incremental validity when compared with a self-report measure of benevolent sexism. Moreover, it can be used flexibly to measure sexism experiences within specific contexts. We also validated a 20-item short version (the EASI-20) and a very brief 10-item version (the EASI-10) for use in time-constrained contexts. Discussion considers the benefits that the EASI offers researchers, as well as its limitations.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01973533.2020.1747467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47229197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2020.1741358
Minjie Lu, T. Hamamura, M. Chan, Chengjin Li, Justin H. Park
Abstract This research examined the hypothesis that challenging experiences in acculturation may lead to heightened reactivity to socially hurtful events. Study 1 found that compared to a prime of acculturating to a similar foreign culture, priming acculturation to a distant culture (indicating more challenges) led to greater reported pain toward hurtful interpersonal events. Study 2 examined whether foreign students in the U.K. and immigrants in the U.S. exhibited a heightened reaction to social exclusion. Results showed that among participants with weaker host culture identification, social exclusion had a greater disruptive effect on cognitive performance, as indicated by longer reaction time on the Stroop task. These findings suggested that individuals who face greater obstacles during acculturation are more sensitive to social exclusion.
{"title":"Acculturation Coping Leads to Heightened Sensitivity to Socially Hurtful Events","authors":"Minjie Lu, T. Hamamura, M. Chan, Chengjin Li, Justin H. Park","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2020.1741358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2020.1741358","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research examined the hypothesis that challenging experiences in acculturation may lead to heightened reactivity to socially hurtful events. Study 1 found that compared to a prime of acculturating to a similar foreign culture, priming acculturation to a distant culture (indicating more challenges) led to greater reported pain toward hurtful interpersonal events. Study 2 examined whether foreign students in the U.K. and immigrants in the U.S. exhibited a heightened reaction to social exclusion. Results showed that among participants with weaker host culture identification, social exclusion had a greater disruptive effect on cognitive performance, as indicated by longer reaction time on the Stroop task. These findings suggested that individuals who face greater obstacles during acculturation are more sensitive to social exclusion.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01973533.2020.1741358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42062175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2020.1741359
Laura Tian, N. Bashir, A. Chasteen, Nicholas O. Rule
Abstract Many older adults try to avoid age discrimination by hiding visible signs of aging. But using cosmetic procedures to conceal one’s age also incurs negative evaluations. This paradox prompted us to ask whether people can detect age concealment and, if so, whether they would either negatively evaluate concealers due to age-concealment stigmas or positively evaluate concealers because they look better. Across four studies with targets who underwent age-concealment procedures, we found that people could detect age concealment. Although people negatively evaluated concealers when thinking about them abstractly, they favored concealers over nonconcealers if they saw photos of them. Moreover, seeing photos of concealers improved subsequent evaluations of new concealers. The visual benefits of age-stigma concealment may therefore attenuate its stigma.
{"title":"The Effect of Age-Stigma Concealment on Social Evaluations","authors":"Laura Tian, N. Bashir, A. Chasteen, Nicholas O. Rule","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2020.1741359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2020.1741359","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many older adults try to avoid age discrimination by hiding visible signs of aging. But using cosmetic procedures to conceal one’s age also incurs negative evaluations. This paradox prompted us to ask whether people can detect age concealment and, if so, whether they would either negatively evaluate concealers due to age-concealment stigmas or positively evaluate concealers because they look better. Across four studies with targets who underwent age-concealment procedures, we found that people could detect age concealment. Although people negatively evaluated concealers when thinking about them abstractly, they favored concealers over nonconcealers if they saw photos of them. Moreover, seeing photos of concealers improved subsequent evaluations of new concealers. The visual benefits of age-stigma concealment may therefore attenuate its stigma.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01973533.2020.1741359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45924045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-18DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2020.1737069
Erica Szkody, Cliff McKinney
Abstract The role of parents’ social support in relation to the socialization of coping strategies in emerging adults rarely has been studied. Parental depression has been related to both internalizing and externalizing problems in children. We examined the relationships of maternal and paternal depression on emerging adult internalizing and externalizing problems through perceived parents’ social support and emerging adult engagement coping. Gender also was examined. Emerging adults (ages 18–25; N = 430) were from a large university completed survey measures on parental (i.e. maternal and paternal) and emerging adult psychopathology and coping behaviors. Parents’ social support was indirectly related to internalizing problems for both genders, whereas the indirect relationship of parents’ social support on externalizing problems was significant only in women.
{"title":"Parental Depression and Emerging Adult Psychological Problems: Indirect Effects by Parents’ Social Support and Emerging Adult Engagement Coping","authors":"Erica Szkody, Cliff McKinney","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2020.1737069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2020.1737069","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The role of parents’ social support in relation to the socialization of coping strategies in emerging adults rarely has been studied. Parental depression has been related to both internalizing and externalizing problems in children. We examined the relationships of maternal and paternal depression on emerging adult internalizing and externalizing problems through perceived parents’ social support and emerging adult engagement coping. Gender also was examined. Emerging adults (ages 18–25; N = 430) were from a large university completed survey measures on parental (i.e. maternal and paternal) and emerging adult psychopathology and coping behaviors. Parents’ social support was indirectly related to internalizing problems for both genders, whereas the indirect relationship of parents’ social support on externalizing problems was significant only in women.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01973533.2020.1737069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41703183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-06DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2020.1732389
E. O. Jones, Stanley J. Huey
Abstract Self-affirmation is a promising brief intervention for reducing the academic achievement gap between majority and stigmatized groups (e.g., underrepresented minorities, women in STEM fields). Affirmations are thought to improve academic performance among stigmatized groups by expanding one’s sense of self, buffering social belonging, and reducing social identity threat. Despite encouraging results, some studies suggest that affirmations may inadvertently decrease the academic performance of nonthreatened White students. We conducted experimental studies to evaluate whether an affirmation focused on the theme of social belonging (i.e., belonging-affirmation) decreased the math performance of White males. We hypothesized that the belonging-affirmation would enhance performance for female participants but diminish math performance for White male participants. Two studies were conducted to evaluate these hypotheses: (1) a lab-based study involving 122 White male and mixed-ethnicity female undergraduates, and (2) an online study involving 197 young adult White males and females. Results failed to support study hypotheses, with no substantive differences in math performance found between male and female participants randomized to a belonging-affirmation versus neutral writing control. These findings are consistent with recent large-scale field replication failures of self-affirmation interventions, indicating that the phenomena may be more nuanced and fragile than suggested by early research findings.
{"title":"Affirmation and Majority Students: Does Affirmation Impair Academic Performance in White Males?","authors":"E. O. Jones, Stanley J. Huey","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2020.1732389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2020.1732389","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Self-affirmation is a promising brief intervention for reducing the academic achievement gap between majority and stigmatized groups (e.g., underrepresented minorities, women in STEM fields). Affirmations are thought to improve academic performance among stigmatized groups by expanding one’s sense of self, buffering social belonging, and reducing social identity threat. Despite encouraging results, some studies suggest that affirmations may inadvertently decrease the academic performance of nonthreatened White students. We conducted experimental studies to evaluate whether an affirmation focused on the theme of social belonging (i.e., belonging-affirmation) decreased the math performance of White males. We hypothesized that the belonging-affirmation would enhance performance for female participants but diminish math performance for White male participants. Two studies were conducted to evaluate these hypotheses: (1) a lab-based study involving 122 White male and mixed-ethnicity female undergraduates, and (2) an online study involving 197 young adult White males and females. Results failed to support study hypotheses, with no substantive differences in math performance found between male and female participants randomized to a belonging-affirmation versus neutral writing control. These findings are consistent with recent large-scale field replication failures of self-affirmation interventions, indicating that the phenomena may be more nuanced and fragile than suggested by early research findings.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01973533.2020.1732389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48807658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-06DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2020.1734006
Danfei Hu, Janet N. Ahn, Melissa Vega, Xiaodong Lin-Siegler
Abstract Three experiments examined how role aspirants’ (i.e., people exposed to role models) views of scientists’ exceptional talent affected motivation. Study 1 demonstrated that when exposed to a scientist whose success is associated with effort (i.e., Thomas Edison), rather than inborn talent (i.e., Albert Einstein), role aspirants’ motivation increased. Study 2 found that role aspirants benefitted less from exposure to Einstein than to a non-famous scientist. Study 3 replicated and supplemented Studies 1 and 2 by further examining the directionality of motivation. Exposure to Einstein and Edison had opposing effects on motivation relative to a non-famous scientist, due to the different views role aspirants hold of their success. These results suggest that role aspirants are critical in determining role modeling outcomes.
{"title":"Not All Scientists Are Equal: Role Aspirants Influence Role Modeling Outcomes in STEM","authors":"Danfei Hu, Janet N. Ahn, Melissa Vega, Xiaodong Lin-Siegler","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2020.1734006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2020.1734006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Three experiments examined how role aspirants’ (i.e., people exposed to role models) views of scientists’ exceptional talent affected motivation. Study 1 demonstrated that when exposed to a scientist whose success is associated with effort (i.e., Thomas Edison), rather than inborn talent (i.e., Albert Einstein), role aspirants’ motivation increased. Study 2 found that role aspirants benefitted less from exposure to Einstein than to a non-famous scientist. Study 3 replicated and supplemented Studies 1 and 2 by further examining the directionality of motivation. Exposure to Einstein and Edison had opposing effects on motivation relative to a non-famous scientist, due to the different views role aspirants hold of their success. These results suggest that role aspirants are critical in determining role modeling outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01973533.2020.1734006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46351733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2019.1695615
B. Dolińska, Jakub Jarząbek, D. Doliński
Abstract In many conducted psychological studies, it has been demonstrated that attitudes towards minority groups can change under the influence of electoral campaigns, as well as terrorist attacks, or street riots. In the first study presented in this article, we have examined whether the level of prejudice towards Muslims increases during the period preceding national and religious holidays. It was assumed that during such periods, issues of identity are accented, which may reinforce negative attitudes towards an external group not included in the category of “we”. The study was carried out following the lost letter procedure. It turned out that the prejudices thus operationalized against Muslims grew modestly in the period preceding a state holiday, and much more so in the period preceding Christmas. In the second study we activated accessibility of concepts of a national or Catholic nature, after which we measured anti-Muslim prejudices. It turned out that activated content of a religious nature influences (to a small degree) the activation of prejudices, while in respect of activation of content of a national character we did not record such an impact.
{"title":"I like You Even Less at Christmas Dinner! Prejudice Level as a Function of an Approaching National or Religious Holiday","authors":"B. Dolińska, Jakub Jarząbek, D. Doliński","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2019.1695615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2019.1695615","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In many conducted psychological studies, it has been demonstrated that attitudes towards minority groups can change under the influence of electoral campaigns, as well as terrorist attacks, or street riots. In the first study presented in this article, we have examined whether the level of prejudice towards Muslims increases during the period preceding national and religious holidays. It was assumed that during such periods, issues of identity are accented, which may reinforce negative attitudes towards an external group not included in the category of “we”. The study was carried out following the lost letter procedure. It turned out that the prejudices thus operationalized against Muslims grew modestly in the period preceding a state holiday, and much more so in the period preceding Christmas. In the second study we activated accessibility of concepts of a national or Catholic nature, after which we measured anti-Muslim prejudices. It turned out that activated content of a religious nature influences (to a small degree) the activation of prejudices, while in respect of activation of content of a national character we did not record such an impact.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01973533.2019.1695615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44140485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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