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Active fund managers and the rise of passive investing: Epistemic opportunism in financial markets 主动基金经理与被动投资的兴起:金融市场的机会主义
IF 3.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1080/03085147.2023.2172252
Yuval Millo, Crawford Spence, James J. Valentine
Abstract Financial markets have witnessed a dramatic shift in financial flows in recent years from Active fund management where professional investors attempt to beat the market (generate ‘alpha’) to Passive investment where portfolios are assembled that follow existing market indicators (track ‘beta’). This transition has important implications for both corporate governance and wider society, with potentially significant distributive effects. Passive investing is predicated upon different bodies of knowledge and is suggestive of an epistemic shift of sorts in financial markets. In such circumstances, field theory suggests that incumbent groups like Active players will try to adapt to the new rules of the investment game. However, drawing from an empirical study which explores the views of the Active investment community in both the United Kingdom and the United States, we document significant defensiveness vis-à-vis the rise of Passive investing. Whereas behavioural approaches might explain this defensiveness in terms of irrationality, the conceptual approach advanced here instead emphasizes the epistemic opportunism (convoluted and self-serving attempts to demonstrate superior knowledge) that communities strategically engage in to justify their position. As such, we conclude that financial markets should be understood as constituted by slowly evolving communities of practice whose habits, routines and ways of knowing can be difficult to shift, even when faced with overwhelming evidence that what they are doing doesn’t work most of the time.
近年来,金融市场见证了资金流动的巨大转变,从专业投资者试图击败市场的主动基金管理(产生“α”)到被动投资(按照现有市场指标组装投资组合)。这种转变对公司治理和更广泛的社会都有重要影响,并可能产生重大的分配效应。被动投资以不同的知识体系为基础,暗示着金融市场中各种认知的转变。在这种情况下,领域理论表明,像活跃玩家这样的现有集团将试图适应投资游戏的新规则。然而,根据一项探索英国和美国积极投资界观点的实证研究,我们记录了对-à-vis被动投资兴起的重大防御。尽管行为方法可以从非理性的角度来解释这种防御,但这里提出的概念方法反而强调了认知机会主义(复杂而自私地试图展示优越的知识),社区战略性地参与其中,以证明他们的立场。因此,我们得出的结论是,金融市场应该被理解为由缓慢发展的实践社区组成的,这些实践社区的习惯、惯例和认知方式很难改变,即使面对压倒性的证据表明,他们所做的大部分时间都不起作用。
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引用次数: 0
Labour market dualization, permanent insecurity and fertility: The case of ultra-low fertility in South Korea 劳动力市场二元化、永久不安全感与生育率:以韩国的超低生育率为例
IF 3.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1080/03085147.2023.2175449
T. Fleckenstein, Soohyung Lee, Sam Mohun Himmelweit
Abstract This paper explores the relationship between labour market dualization, insecurity and low fertility, through a case study of South Korea, an extreme case of ultra-low fertility where the total fertility rate fell to 0.84 in 2020. It is argued that the long-term nature of the insecurity associated with dualization, as well as its impact on people’s perceptions of present and future insecurity, mark dualization out as a particular phenomenon whose impact on fertility current demographic approaches struggle to fully understand. Rather than restricting the focus to the education-employment transition, we show how permanent insecurity in highly dualized labour markets depresses fertility.
摘要本文以韩国为例,探讨劳动力市场二元化、不安全感与低生育率之间的关系。韩国是2020年总生育率降至0.84的超低生育率极端国家。有人认为,与二元化有关的不安全感的长期性,以及它对人们对目前和未来不安全感的看法的影响,标志着二元化是一种特殊现象,其对生育率的影响目前的人口统计方法难以充分理解。我们没有将重点局限于教育-就业的转变,而是展示了高度二元化的劳动力市场中长期的不安全感如何抑制了生育率。
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引用次数: 0
Making UBI radical: On the potential for a universal basic income to underwrite transformative and anti-kyriarchal change 让全民基本收入变得激进:全民基本收入支持变革性和反父权制变革的潜力
IF 3.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1080/03085147.2022.2131278
M. Lawhon, Tyler McCreary
Abstract Cash transfers as a response to poverty and unemployment have moved to mainstream political practice. From global south developmental policy to pandemic payments, there is growing concern with relying on employment for income. Many on the left have been sceptical of, and at times opposed to, such transfers, instead urging direct state provisioning, improved employment, or economic transformation beyond the state. Here, we develop an alternative position, rooted in cautious optimism about the open-ended implications of cash transfers. We consider the possibility that providing a durable, redistributive universal basic income might enable escape from unjust economic relations, underwrite diverse economies, and free time to expand democratic practice. We frame this not as an assured outcome but as a possibility, one those concerned with radical, anti-kyriarchal politics might engage in creating.
现金转移支付作为对贫困和失业的回应已经成为主流政治实践。从全球南方发展政策到流行病支付,人们越来越关注依靠就业获得收入的问题。许多左翼人士对这种转移支付持怀疑态度,有时甚至反对,他们转而敦促政府直接提供资金,改善就业,或在政府之外进行经济转型。在这里,我们提出了另一种立场,植根于对现金转移的开放式影响的谨慎乐观。我们认为,提供持久的、可再分配的普遍基本收入,可能使我们摆脱不公正的经济关系,支持多样化的经济,并腾出时间来扩大民主实践。我们认为这不是一种确定的结果,而是一种可能性,一种关注激进的、反宗族政治的人可能参与创造的可能性。
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引用次数: 1
Bypassing the animal: Plant-based meat and the communicative constitution of a moral market 绕开动物:植物性肉类和道德市场的沟通构成
IF 3.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.1080/03085147.2023.2168370
Mathieu Chaput, Alexander Paulsson
Abstract The food industry occupies a large portion of the plate in the study of moral markets. Moral markets for food include fair trade goods, organic products, family farmers initiatives, as well as plant-based meat alternatives, the focus of this paper. Driven by a growing concern for animal welfare, sustainability and the responsible use of resources, various companies launched products that successfully duplicate the taste, look and overall experience of meat eating, without the dire impacts of the meat industry on human, animal and environmental health. In this paper, we explore the formation of a market for plant-based meat as a communicative accomplishment. To do so, we analyse the rhetoric of one of its leading companies: Beyond Meat. By tracing the development of this food-tech company, we show that Beyond Meat’s activist-like rhetoric has contributed to the formation of a market based on the moral criterion of efficiency, which is achieved by bypassing the animal in meat production and by creating a transcending collective identity for meat-eaters of all sorts. Contrary to the more common process where moralized products move from social movement to market, we here theorize the formation of a moralized market that is depicted as a movement.
在道德市场的研究中,食品行业占有很大的比重。食品的道德市场包括公平贸易商品、有机产品、家庭农民倡议以及植物性肉类替代品,这是本文的重点。在对动物福利、可持续性和负责任的资源利用日益关注的推动下,许多公司推出了成功复制肉类口味、外观和整体体验的产品,同时又不会对人类、动物和环境健康产生可怕的影响。在本文中,我们将探索植物性肉类市场的形成作为一种交流成就。为此,我们分析了其领先公司之一Beyond Meat的言论。通过追踪这家食品科技公司的发展,我们发现Beyond Meat的激进主义言论促进了一个基于效率道德标准的市场的形成,这是通过在肉类生产中绕过动物,并为各种肉食者创造一种超越的集体身份来实现的。与道德产品从社会运动到市场的更常见过程相反,我们在这里将道德市场的形成理论化,并将其描述为一场运动。
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引用次数: 0
Debt at a distance: Counter-collection strategies and financial subjectivities of China’s working-class defaulters during COVID-19 远距离债务:新冠肺炎期间中国工薪阶层违约者的反催收策略与金融主体性
IF 3.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.1080/03085147.2022.2154501
Yichen Rao, T. McDonald
Abstract This paper undertakes an analysis of publicly posted videos sharing debtors’ strategies for responding to overzealous credit collection agencies during the earliest stages of the pandemic lockdown. It examines how Chinese debtors and credit collection callers responded to the uncertainties surrounding the handling of personal debts when the debtors’ economic activities are heavily restricted. Both parties invoked different imagined collectivities to establish their own moral justifications with regards to debt obligations, state regulations and family values. The paper argues for a recognition of the capacity of debt to collectivize people through loose discursive formations that remoralize debt, recasting the defaulter status as morally acceptable and reshaping their defaulter identities. The imaginative and discursive space built upon debt’s collectivizing potential presents a valuable analytical tool for understanding the social dimensions of debt and the dynamic emerging of financial subjectivities in the contemporary era.
本文对公开发布的视频进行了分析,这些视频分享了债务人在疫情封锁的最初阶段应对过度热心的征信机构的策略。它研究了当债务人的经济活动受到严格限制时,中国债务人和信用催收人如何应对个人债务处理的不确定性。在债务义务、国家法规和家庭价值观方面,双方都援引了不同的想象集体来建立自己的道德理由。本文主张承认债务的能力,通过松散的话语结构使人们集体化,使债务重新合法化,将违约者的地位重新塑造为道德上可接受的,并重塑他们的违约身份。建立在债务集体化潜力之上的想象和话语空间为理解债务的社会维度和当代金融主体性的动态出现提供了一个有价值的分析工具。
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引用次数: 2
Nigel Dodd: An appreciation 奈杰尔·多德:感谢
IF 3.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03085147.2023.2157584
P. Langley, Samantha Ashenden, A. Barry, Laura Bear, A. Kelly, L. McGoey, M. Molyneux, Daniel Neyland, Bronwyn Parry, Fran Tonkiss, Gisa Weszkalnys
Abstract Professor Nigel Dodd was a long-standing and much-loved member of the Editorial Board of Economy and Society. He sadly passed away in August 2022. In this short piece, we express our heartfelt gratitude for Nigel’s contributions to the journal and briefly introduce a virtual collection of four papers assembled to register our appreciation. The papers are free to access from the Collections section of our website throughout 2023, and include Nigel’s ‘Reinventing monies in Europe’, published in Economy and Society in 2005.
奈杰尔·多德(Nigel Dodd)教授是《经济与社会》(economic and Society)编委会长期以来备受爱戴的成员。2022年8月,他不幸去世。在这篇短文中,我们对Nigel对杂志的贡献表示衷心的感谢,并简要介绍了四篇论文的虚拟合集,以表达我们的感激之情。这些论文在2023年都可以从我们网站的文集部分免费获取,其中包括奈杰尔2005年发表在《经济与社会》杂志上的《重塑欧洲货币》。
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引用次数: 0
Ինստիտուցիոնալ որակի ազդեցությունը կյանքի տևողության վրա. պանելային տվյալների ռեգրեսիոն վերլուծություն / The Impact of Institutional Quality on Life Expectancy: Evidence from Panel Regression Analysis Ինստիտուցիոնալորակիազդեցությունըկյանքիտևողությանվրա。պանելայինտվյալներիռեգրեսիոնվերլուծություն/制度质量对预期寿命的影响:证据从面板回归分析
IF 3.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.52174/29538114_2023.1-129
Hakob Tarposhyan
The purpose of this research is to study the impact of institutions on public health, as well as to identify those institutions that have the greatest impact on public health. Life expectancy was chosen as the indicator describing public health, and six component elements of the World Bank's Governance Quality (WGI) were used to assess the institutional quality of countries. The basis of the research is the study of scientific materials and the performed panel regression analysis. As a result of the research, it became clear that institutional quality has a positive and significant effect on life expectancy. Apart from that, improving the effectiveness of the government and strengthening the rule of law has the greatest impact on institutional indicators. Accordingly, policies aimed at improving institutional quality can have a significant positive impact on public health. The results are consistent with other studies that have examined the role of institutional quality in determining life expectancy in different regions of the world. In addition to providing a basis for policy development, the research can also contribute to improving the quality of further research in the field.
本研究的目的是研究机构对公共卫生的影响,并找出那些对公共卫生影响最大的机构。预期寿命被选为描述公共卫生的指标,世界银行治理质量(WGI)的六个组成部分被用来评估各国的制度质量。本研究的基础是对科学资料的研究,并进行面板回归分析。研究结果表明,制度质量对预期寿命有积极而显著的影响。此外,提高政府效能和加强法治对制度指标的影响最大。因此,旨在提高机构质量的政策可以对公共卫生产生重大的积极影响。该结果与其他研究一致,这些研究考察了世界不同地区的机构质量在决定预期寿命方面的作用。除了为政策制定提供基础外,该研究还有助于提高该领域进一步研究的质量。
{"title":"Ինստիտուցիոնալ որակի ազդեցությունը կյանքի տևողության վրա. պանելային տվյալների ռեգրեսիոն վերլուծություն / The Impact of Institutional Quality on Life Expectancy: Evidence from Panel Regression Analysis","authors":"Hakob Tarposhyan","doi":"10.52174/29538114_2023.1-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52174/29538114_2023.1-129","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to study the impact of institutions on public health, as well as to identify those institutions that have the greatest impact on public health. Life expectancy was chosen as the indicator describing public health, and six component elements of the World Bank's Governance Quality (WGI) were used to assess the institutional quality of countries. The basis of the research is the study of scientific materials and the performed panel regression analysis. As a result of the research, it became clear that institutional quality has a positive and significant effect on life expectancy. Apart from that, improving the effectiveness of the government and strengthening the rule of law has the greatest impact on institutional indicators. Accordingly, policies aimed at improving institutional quality can have a significant positive impact on public health. The results are consistent with other studies that have examined the role of institutional quality in determining life expectancy in different regions of the world. In addition to providing a basis for policy development, the research can also contribute to improving the quality of further research in the field.","PeriodicalId":48030,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80590284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Հայաստանը ժամանակակից նորարարական գործունեության համատեքստում / Armenia in the Context of Modern Innovative Activities Հայաստանըժամանակակիցնորարարականգործունեությանհամատեքստում/亚美尼亚的现代创新活动
IF 3.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.52174/29538114_2023.1-65
Ashot Markosyan, Elyanora Matevosyan, Meruzhan Markosyan
In the current global economy, the role and importance of national economies of individual countries, as well as the economic unions of countries, are characterized based on various indicators, with a special emphasis on innovations and innovative activities. For this purpose, the viewpoints and approaches presented by various authors regarding innovations were researched and identified, the content and importance of innovations in strengthening the state and increasing the rate of economic growth were revealed. By researching the global and regional indicators and developments of the mentioned field, the authors made appropriate analyses and came to a number of conclusions that can be useful for the development and implementation of an effective policy of scientific and scientific-technical activities in the Republic of Armenia, which will greatly contribute to increasing the competitiveness of that type of activity, both in the global market and in regional development. The authors acknowledge that considerable work has been done in the RA to change and improve the state of affairs in the field of scientific and scientific-technological activities. Several legislative acts have been adopted, aiming to enhance the efficiency of these activities. However, the implemented measures lack a systematic and complex nature and serve rather to partially solve local problems arising in the field.
在当前的全球经济中,单个国家的国民经济以及国家经济联盟的作用和重要性是以各种指标为基础的,特别强调创新和创新活动。为此,研究和梳理了各学者关于创新的观点和方法,揭示了创新在加强国家和提高经济增长率方面的内容和重要性。通过研究上述领域的全球和区域指标和发展,作者进行了适当的分析,得出了一些结论,这些结论对制定和实施亚美尼亚共和国有效的科学和科学技术活动政策有用,这将大大有助于提高此类活动在全球市场和区域发展中的竞争力。作者承认,为了改变和改善科学和科学技术活动领域的状况,《报告》已经做了大量的工作。已经通过了几项立法,旨在提高这些活动的效率。然而,实施的措施缺乏系统性和复杂性,只是部分解决了该领域出现的局部问题。
{"title":"Հայաստանը ժամանակակից նորարարական գործունեության համատեքստում / Armenia in the Context of Modern Innovative Activities","authors":"Ashot Markosyan, Elyanora Matevosyan, Meruzhan Markosyan","doi":"10.52174/29538114_2023.1-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52174/29538114_2023.1-65","url":null,"abstract":"In the current global economy, the role and importance of national economies of individual countries, as well as the economic unions of countries, are characterized based on various indicators, with a special emphasis on innovations and innovative activities. For this purpose, the viewpoints and approaches presented by various authors regarding innovations were researched and identified, the content and importance of innovations in strengthening the state and increasing the rate of economic growth were revealed. By researching the global and regional indicators and developments of the mentioned field, the authors made appropriate analyses and came to a number of conclusions that can be useful for the development and implementation of an effective policy of scientific and scientific-technical activities in the Republic of Armenia, which will greatly contribute to increasing the competitiveness of that type of activity, both in the global market and in regional development. The authors acknowledge that considerable work has been done in the RA to change and improve the state of affairs in the field of scientific and scientific-technological activities. Several legislative acts have been adopted, aiming to enhance the efficiency of these activities. However, the implemented measures lack a systematic and complex nature and serve rather to partially solve local problems arising in the field.","PeriodicalId":48030,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85158848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Մասնագիտական օտարալեզու տեքստերի վրա աշխատանքի արդի մոտեցումները ոչ լեզվաբանական մասնագիտությունների խմբերում / Modern approaches to working with Professional Texts in Non-Linguistic Disciplinary Groups Մասնագիտականօտարալեզուտեքստերիվրաաշխատանքիարդիմոտեցումներըոչլեզվաբանականմասնագիտություններիխմբերում/现代方法与非语言学科专业文献合作组
IF 3.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.52174/29538114_2023.1-138
Izabella Abgaryan
Taking a professional text as the main educational and methodological tool in teaching a foreign language for special purposes, the paper attempts to present modern approaches to the transmission, perception, analysis, memorization and other processes related to working with a text, which, in addition to the main goal of teaching a foreign language for special purposes, develop a number of skills and opportunities necessary for further professional activities. It is not only in terms of learning a foreign professional language, but also in those of the development of a number of important skills in students that will help them in the future to more easily cope with tasks for identifying the level of foreign language proficiency, assigned by both international and some local employers. As an alternative to usual methods, which mainly focus on memory and a number of mechanical actions for perception, memorization, reproduction of a foreign text, vocabulary enrichment, the proposed approaches activate a number of neurolinguistic features of students, in particular, centers of cognitive perception. Instead of the standard scheme of working with texts according to the “read-translate-retell” formula, strategic reading methods are proposed, including elements, such as activation, generalization, monitoring and clarification, visualization and organization, information search and selection, questioning and making assumptions, as well revealing the semantic core, analysis and synthesis of both written and oral texts.
本文将专业文本作为特殊目的外语教学的主要教育和方法工具,试图呈现与文本相关的传递、感知、分析、记忆和其他过程的现代方法,除了实现特殊目的外语教学的主要目标外,还为进一步的专业活动培养了一些必要的技能和机会。不仅在学习一门外语方面,而且在培养学生的一些重要技能方面,这些技能将帮助他们在未来更容易地应付国际和一些本地雇主分配的确定外语熟练程度的任务。作为一种替代方法,通常的方法主要集中在记忆和一些机械动作的感知,记忆,复制外文本,词汇丰富,建议的方法激活学生的一些神经语言特征,特别是认知知觉中心。本文摒弃了“读-译-复述”式的文本处理标准方案,提出了包括激活、概括、监测和澄清、可视化和组织、信息搜索和选择、质疑和假设、揭示语义核心、分析和综合书面和口头文本等要素的策略阅读方法。
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引用次数: 0
Պետություն-մասնավոր գործընկերությունը որպես ենթակառուցվածքների զարգացման խթան / Public-Private Partnership as a Promotion for Infrastructure Development Պետություն——մասնավորգործընկերությունըորպեսենթակառուցվածքներիզարգացմանխթան/公私伙伴关系作为基础设施建设的推广
IF 3.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.52174/29538114_2023.1-21
Gayane Avagyan, Knarik Vardany
Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is widely recognized in the world as an effective mechanism contributing to the implementation of significant public programs, particularly in infrastructure formation, development, and service provision. This paper highlights the crucial role of public-private partnership in the development of infrastructures, and also emphasizes the importance of combining material, financial, human resources of both the state and private sectors. It argues that public-private partnerships are effective because they leverage private sector technologies and innovations while utilizing public sector incentives, acknowledging that government funds alone cannot finance all infrastructure maintenance and development projects. As a result of combining state and business resources within the implemented projects, additional competitive advantages are formed, and risks are distributed between the state and business entities. In the Republic of Armenia, where public financial resources are limited, there is a decline in the quality of services provided to the population and a number of obligations carried out by the state. In the current situation, the importance of PPP formation and development is undeniable, which in the long run will lead to a stable qualitative growth of infrastructures and provided services. The authors presented the PPP programs implemented in some sectors of the RA economy, identified their features. The findings of the study allowed us to conclude that the implementation of PPP programs in our country can also become the pillar of innovative development of production and social infrastructures.
公私伙伴关系(PPP)是一种有效的机制,在世界范围内得到广泛认可,有助于实施重大公共项目,特别是在基础设施建设、发展和服务提供方面。本文强调了公私伙伴关系在基础设施发展中的关键作用,并强调了将国有和私营部门的物质、财政和人力资源结合起来的重要性。报告认为,公私合作是有效的,因为它们利用了私营部门的技术和创新,同时利用了公共部门的激励措施,并承认仅靠政府资金无法为所有基础设施的维护和发展项目提供资金。在实施的项目中,将国家和企业资源结合起来,形成了额外的竞争优势,并在国家和企业之间分配了风险。在亚美尼亚共和国,公共财政资源有限,向人民提供的服务质量下降,国家履行的一些义务也有所下降。在当前形势下,ppp的形成和发展的重要性是不可否认的,从长远来看,这将导致基础设施和提供服务的质量稳定增长。作者介绍了在RA经济的一些部门实施的PPP项目,并确定了它们的特点。研究结果使我们得出结论,PPP项目在我国的实施也可以成为生产和社会基础设施创新发展的支柱。
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引用次数: 0
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Economy and Society
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