Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.3394
Magdalena Rowicka, Sławomir Postek, Michał Bujalski
The use of digital devices (tablets, smartphones, smartwatches) by preschool children can be associated with benefits but also with risks to their development. The moderator of this relationship would be the role of parent. Research shows that a significant role in allowing the use of digital devices is played not by the childs needs (e.g. developmental) but by the needs of the parent (e.g. related to the desire to rest or the lack of ideas on how to take care of the child). The presented data was collected from a group of 729 parents of preschool children (from 36 to 72 months of age) in 2020 duringimplementation of Toddler on the Web project. The results cover the frequencies of reasons due to which parents allow their children to use digital devices. The results show that among the most frequently indicated reasons were: the need to perform other duties or to get a rest, as well as the lack of energy to take care of the child, while the least frequently mentioned reasons were: the lack of ideas for spending time together, lack of ideas for taking care of the child, and using a digital device as a regulator of emotions or mood. All of the reasons analysed were employed with varying frequency by more than a half of the parents. The reasons why parents allow children to use digital devices do not depend on either the age or the gender of the child. There are two exceptions: when parentsconsider digital devices as a reward for the child (e.g. for performing various tasks according to parents expectations), and when they do not know how to spend time together with their child the older the child, the more often parents tend to apply both principles. Our results indicate the need to implement educational and preventive activities in the group of current and future parents.
{"title":"Why preschool children use mobile devices parental perspective","authors":"Magdalena Rowicka, Sławomir Postek, Michał Bujalski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.3394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3394","url":null,"abstract":"The use of digital devices (tablets, smartphones, smartwatches) by preschool children can be associated with benefits but also with risks to their development. The moderator of this relationship would be the role of parent. Research shows that a significant role in allowing the use of digital devices is played not by the childs needs (e.g. developmental) but by the needs of the parent (e.g. related to the desire to rest or the lack of ideas on how to take care of the child). The presented data was collected from a group of 729 parents of preschool children (from 36 to 72 months of age) in 2020 duringimplementation of Toddler on the Web project. The results cover the frequencies of reasons due to which parents allow their children to use digital devices. The results show that among the most frequently indicated reasons were: the need to perform other duties or to get a rest, as well as the lack of energy to take care of the child, while the least frequently mentioned reasons were: the lack of ideas for spending time together, lack of ideas for taking care of the child, and using a digital device as a regulator of emotions or mood. All of the reasons analysed were employed with varying frequency by more than a half of the parents. The reasons why parents allow children to use digital devices do not depend on either the age or the gender of the child. There are two exceptions: when parentsconsider digital devices as a reward for the child (e.g. for performing various tasks according to parents expectations), and when they do not know how to spend time together with their child the older the child, the more often parents tend to apply both principles. Our results indicate the need to implement educational and preventive activities in the group of current and future parents.","PeriodicalId":48053,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45667323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.3396
M. Mosanya
In a globalizing world, increasing migration tendencies lead to broad social consequences. More and more young people can be defined as Third Culture Kids (TCK), individuals exposed to diverse cultural paradigms in the early developmental years. Being a TCK significantly affects the development of identity, well-being and overall functioning. There are also substantial consequences of TCKs experiences in the field of education. Yet, the problem of new forms of multicultural identities is not sufficiently represented within Polish research. The following review aims to fill this gap and present the latest trends in studies on the TCK phenomenon. This article critically evaluated existing research regarding Third Culture Kids. It further presented the consequences of the multicultural experience of TCK, emphasizing significant problems and benefits of multiculturalism and global nomadism in the areas of well-being, identity and education. Importantly, ways of dealing with multicultural identity, the so-called multicultural identity configurations, were presented as moderators of the influence of multiculturalism on the functioning of TCK. Factors supporting TCKs well-being and educational success were indicated, including psychological (multicultural identity integration, cultural intelligence, global mindset) and institutional (teaching systems, psychological support) attributes.
{"title":"Third Culture Kids: The consequences of multiculturalism and nomadism in the context of identity, well-being and education","authors":"M. Mosanya","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.3396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3396","url":null,"abstract":"In a globalizing world, increasing migration tendencies lead to broad social consequences. More and more young people can be defined as Third Culture Kids (TCK), individuals exposed to diverse cultural paradigms in the early developmental years. Being a TCK significantly affects the development of identity, well-being and overall functioning. There are also substantial consequences of TCKs experiences in the field of education. Yet, the problem of new forms of multicultural identities is not sufficiently represented within Polish research. The following review aims to fill this gap and present the latest trends in studies on the TCK phenomenon. This article critically evaluated existing research regarding Third Culture Kids. It further presented the consequences of the multicultural experience of TCK, emphasizing significant problems and benefits of multiculturalism and global nomadism in the areas of well-being, identity and education. Importantly, ways of dealing with multicultural identity, the so-called multicultural identity configurations, were presented as moderators of the influence of multiculturalism on the functioning of TCK. Factors supporting TCKs well-being and educational success were indicated, including psychological (multicultural identity integration, cultural intelligence, global mindset) and institutional (teaching systems, psychological support) attributes.","PeriodicalId":48053,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45512140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.3994
Magdalena Rowicka
The use of digital devices by children up to the age of six is controversial due to inconclusive research showing a positive, neutral or negative link to the development of young children. More and more studies point not to the mere fact of use but to the manner of use (age of initiation, time, content, etc.) as factors responsible for the positive or negative impact on the development of the child. In 2020 and 2022, two research projects were carried out: Toddler caught in the web the use of digital devices by children aged 06 years and Toddler caught in the web 2.0 the use of mobile devices by children aged 46 and selected cognitive functions. The aim of the projects was to thoroughly determine how children in Poland use digital devices, as well as whether, and if so, how various aspects of use translate into cognitive functioning (memory, attention and behavioural inhibition controls). The results of both projects may have an impact on mental health promotion and prevention some of the results have already been used in the educational campaign addressed to parents and carers of pre-school children First steps in the cyberworld.
{"title":"Baby on the Web and Baby on the Web 2.0 information about science projects on the use of digital devices by young children","authors":"Magdalena Rowicka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.3994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.3994","url":null,"abstract":"The use of digital devices by children up to the age of six is controversial due to inconclusive research showing a positive, neutral or negative link to the development of young children. More and more studies point not to the mere fact of use but to the manner of use (age of initiation, time, content, etc.) as factors responsible for the positive or negative impact on the development of the child. In 2020 and 2022, two research projects were carried out: Toddler caught in the web the use of digital devices by children aged 06 years and Toddler caught in the web 2.0 the use of mobile devices by children aged 46 and selected cognitive functions. The aim of the projects was to thoroughly determine how children in Poland use digital devices, as well as whether, and if so, how various aspects of use translate into cognitive functioning (memory, attention and behavioural inhibition controls). The results of both projects may have an impact on mental health promotion and prevention some of the results have already been used in the educational campaign addressed to parents and carers of pre-school children First steps in the cyberworld.","PeriodicalId":48053,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49315267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.3398
Introduction: The article aims to present the phenomenon of adolescent flirting, with particular emphasis on the context of contemporary cultural challenges. The article is a review, based on domestic and foreign literature. A closer acquaintance with the flit phenomenon may help understanding the social functioning of adolescents and thus may be helpful in creating preventive and intervention programs for young people. Analysis: The analysis of the phenomenon begins with the presentation of two ways of defining the phenomenon, in the biological and philosophical sciences. The reasons why people flirt can be found within the theoryof evolution as well as the theory of human psychosexual development. The impact of social norms on the perception of behaviours that we attribute to this phenomenon was discussed. The undertaken flirtation strategies were distinguished according to gender and sexual orientation. The concept of five styles of flirting wasintroduced: traditional, physical, sincere, fun and polite (Hall et al., 2010). Conclusions: The Internet and forced isolation related to the outbreak of the COVID-19pandemic have significantly influenced adolescent flirting. The digital reality for young people is as real as the material reality. Accordingly, romantic life takes placeusing new technologies. Universal signs and scripts for communicating interest are changing. For adolescents these days, sending a love letter will be less accessiblethan, for example, deepliking. There are also threats in the digital world of teenage romantic relationships, such as feeling FOMO and its consequences, or experiencingonline sexual abuse.
引言:本文旨在呈现青少年调情现象，特别强调当代文化挑战的背景。本文是一篇基于国内外文献的综述。更深入地了解这种现象可能有助于理解青少年的社会功能，从而有助于为青少年制定预防和干预方案。分析:对现象的分析首先从生物学和哲学两种定义现象的方法开始。人们调情的原因可以从进化论和人类性心理发展理论中找到。讨论了社会规范对我们归因于这一现象的行为感知的影响。所采取的调情策略根据性别和性取向进行区分。提出了五种调情方式的概念:传统的、肢体的、真诚的、有趣的和礼貌的(Hall et al.， 2010)。结论:新冠肺炎疫情爆发后，互联网和强制隔离对青少年调情行为有显著影响。对年轻人来说，数字现实和物质现实一样真实。因此，浪漫的生活是通过新技术来实现的。表达兴趣的通用符号和脚本正在发生变化。对于现在的青少年来说，发一封情书比深爱更不容易。在数字世界中，青少年的恋爱关系也存在威胁，比如感觉FOMO及其后果，或者经历网络性虐待。
{"title":"Adolescent flirting analysis of the phenomenon and its contemporary form","authors":"","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.3398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3398","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The article aims to present the phenomenon of adolescent flirting, with particular emphasis on the context of contemporary cultural challenges. The article is a review, based on domestic and foreign literature. A closer acquaintance with the flit phenomenon may help understanding the social functioning of adolescents and thus may be helpful in creating preventive and intervention programs for young people. Analysis: The analysis of the phenomenon begins with the presentation of two ways of defining the phenomenon, in the biological and philosophical sciences. The reasons why people flirt can be found within the theoryof evolution as well as the theory of human psychosexual development. The impact of social norms on the perception of behaviours that we attribute to this phenomenon was discussed. The undertaken flirtation strategies were distinguished according to gender and sexual orientation. The concept of five styles of flirting wasintroduced: traditional, physical, sincere, fun and polite (Hall et al., 2010). Conclusions: The Internet and forced isolation related to the outbreak of the COVID-19pandemic have significantly influenced adolescent flirting. The digital reality for young people is as real as the material reality. Accordingly, romantic life takes placeusing new technologies. Universal signs and scripts for communicating interest are changing. For adolescents these days, sending a love letter will be less accessiblethan, for example, deepliking. There are also threats in the digital world of teenage romantic relationships, such as feeling FOMO and its consequences, or experiencingonline sexual abuse.","PeriodicalId":48053,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46001555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1080/01443410.2023.2190064
Dingmeng Fu, Yue Liu, Danhui Zhang
Abstract According to self-determination theory, teachers’ autonomy support is an effective approach to motivate students to learn. Longitudinal studies are necessary to clear up the relation between students’ perception of teacher autonomy support and students’ achievement in mathematics. The present study investigated the effect of teachers’ autonomy support on students’ maths achievement over three years using a longitudinal survey in Chinese elementary schools. Structural equation modelling was employed to explore the complex mechanism of autonomy-supportive teaching on students’ mathematics achievement. The results show that teachers’ autonomy support can satisfy students’ psychological needs, which can enhance their motivation and ultimately positively related with their mathematics achievement. It is worth noting that the students’ satisfaction of psychological needs for autonomy and intrinsic motivation have not only a direct effect but also lagged effect. These findings have theoretical and practical significance for mathematics teaching.
{"title":"The relationship between teacher autonomy support and student mathematics achievement: a 3-year longitudinal study","authors":"Dingmeng Fu, Yue Liu, Danhui Zhang","doi":"10.1080/01443410.2023.2190064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2023.2190064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to self-determination theory, teachers’ autonomy support is an effective approach to motivate students to learn. Longitudinal studies are necessary to clear up the relation between students’ perception of teacher autonomy support and students’ achievement in mathematics. The present study investigated the effect of teachers’ autonomy support on students’ maths achievement over three years using a longitudinal survey in Chinese elementary schools. Structural equation modelling was employed to explore the complex mechanism of autonomy-supportive teaching on students’ mathematics achievement. The results show that teachers’ autonomy support can satisfy students’ psychological needs, which can enhance their motivation and ultimately positively related with their mathematics achievement. It is worth noting that the students’ satisfaction of psychological needs for autonomy and intrinsic motivation have not only a direct effect but also lagged effect. These findings have theoretical and practical significance for mathematics teaching.","PeriodicalId":48053,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"187 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48754292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1080/01443410.2023.2193696
Shirong Zhang, Björn B. de Koning, F. Paas
Abstract We investigated whether finger pointing is an effective cognitive-load self-management strategy to mitigate the split-attention effect during learning. This effect holds that learning from split-attention examples consisting of spatially separated, but mutually referring text and picture, is less effective than learning from equivalent spatially integrated sources. One-hundred-and-twenty-nine undergraduates studied a picture with accompanying text about the nephron in a between-subjects design with the factors strategy use (pointing vs. no pointing) and instructional format (split-attention vs. integrated). The split-attention effect was confirmed by results on a comprehension test and a combined measure of learning effort and test performance (i.e. instructional efficiency). However, evidence for the benefits of pointing was only found for retention performance (i.e. not for comprehension performance and cognitive load ratings) for participants who learned from the split-attention example (i.e. not for participants who learned from the integrated example). Replications are invited to examine pointing as a self-management strategy.
{"title":"Finger pointing to support learning from split-attention examples","authors":"Shirong Zhang, Björn B. de Koning, F. Paas","doi":"10.1080/01443410.2023.2193696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2023.2193696","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We investigated whether finger pointing is an effective cognitive-load self-management strategy to mitigate the split-attention effect during learning. This effect holds that learning from split-attention examples consisting of spatially separated, but mutually referring text and picture, is less effective than learning from equivalent spatially integrated sources. One-hundred-and-twenty-nine undergraduates studied a picture with accompanying text about the nephron in a between-subjects design with the factors strategy use (pointing vs. no pointing) and instructional format (split-attention vs. integrated). The split-attention effect was confirmed by results on a comprehension test and a combined measure of learning effort and test performance (i.e. instructional efficiency). However, evidence for the benefits of pointing was only found for retention performance (i.e. not for comprehension performance and cognitive load ratings) for participants who learned from the split-attention example (i.e. not for participants who learned from the integrated example). Replications are invited to examine pointing as a self-management strategy.","PeriodicalId":48053,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"207 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47664582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1080/01443410.2023.2190067
Wenhui Qi, Yu Qin, Guoyuan Sang, N. Wang
Abstract This study examined academic self-efficacy as a mediator in the relationship between family functioning and learning engagement by constructing a structural equation model. The participants were 817 students from public junior high schools in rural China. The data were collected by measuring family functioning, academic self-efficacy, and learning engagement using self-report assessments. The results indicated that family functioning was positively associated with learning engagement; academic self-efficacy significantly mediated the correlation between family functioning and learning engagement. In addition, the mediating effect of academic self-efficacy varied across dimensions of family functioning. These findings contribute to understanding the internal relationship between family functioning and learning engagement, and have implications for improving the learning engagement of disadvantaged students in rural areas.
{"title":"Family functioning and learning engagement of junior high school students in rural China: the mediating effect of academic self-efficacy","authors":"Wenhui Qi, Yu Qin, Guoyuan Sang, N. Wang","doi":"10.1080/01443410.2023.2190067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2023.2190067","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examined academic self-efficacy as a mediator in the relationship between family functioning and learning engagement by constructing a structural equation model. The participants were 817 students from public junior high schools in rural China. The data were collected by measuring family functioning, academic self-efficacy, and learning engagement using self-report assessments. The results indicated that family functioning was positively associated with learning engagement; academic self-efficacy significantly mediated the correlation between family functioning and learning engagement. In addition, the mediating effect of academic self-efficacy varied across dimensions of family functioning. These findings contribute to understanding the internal relationship between family functioning and learning engagement, and have implications for improving the learning engagement of disadvantaged students in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":48053,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"137 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43140542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1080/01443410.2023.2189649
A. Lee, J. A. Datu, D. Chan, E. Lau, Wing-kai Fung, Rebecca Wing-yi Cheng, Ryan Yat Ming Cheung, K. Chung
Abstract This study aims to examine the effectiveness of an intervention program based on the PROSPER, a comprehensive framework which emphasises the importance of positivity, relationships, outcome, strength, purpose, engagement, and resilience in pre-service teachers’ well-being in Hong Kong. Participants were pre-service pre-school teachers (N = 77) who participated in a 1-month randomised control trial with four intervention workshops. They were randomly assigned to either intervention (n = 40) or wait-list control conditions (n = 37). A survey with measures that assessed PROSPER well-being components was administered to participants before and after the intervention. Findings of repeated measures MANCOVA revealed no significant time x group interaction effect, Wilks’ Lambda F(7, 50) = 1.66, p = .14, η 2 = .19. Results of univariate analyses showed that a significant time x group interaction effect existed in relationship component (η 2 = .08), indicating that the intervention was effective in facilitating pre-service pre-school teachers’ positive relationships with their peers. Findings underscore the potential benefits of designing positive psychological interventions for teachers amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"The effects of a PROSPER-based intervention on well-being among pre-service preschool teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized control trial","authors":"A. Lee, J. A. Datu, D. Chan, E. Lau, Wing-kai Fung, Rebecca Wing-yi Cheng, Ryan Yat Ming Cheung, K. Chung","doi":"10.1080/01443410.2023.2189649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2023.2189649","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to examine the effectiveness of an intervention program based on the PROSPER, a comprehensive framework which emphasises the importance of positivity, relationships, outcome, strength, purpose, engagement, and resilience in pre-service teachers’ well-being in Hong Kong. Participants were pre-service pre-school teachers (N = 77) who participated in a 1-month randomised control trial with four intervention workshops. They were randomly assigned to either intervention (n = 40) or wait-list control conditions (n = 37). A survey with measures that assessed PROSPER well-being components was administered to participants before and after the intervention. Findings of repeated measures MANCOVA revealed no significant time x group interaction effect, Wilks’ Lambda F(7, 50) = 1.66, p = .14, η 2 = .19. Results of univariate analyses showed that a significant time x group interaction effect existed in relationship component (η 2 = .08), indicating that the intervention was effective in facilitating pre-service pre-school teachers’ positive relationships with their peers. Findings underscore the potential benefits of designing positive psychological interventions for teachers amid the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":48053,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"228 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43546941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1080/01443410.2023.2194593
Fabian T. C. Schmidt, Aurelia Kaiser, Jan Retelsdorf
Abstract Halo effects in teacher judgments, can occur when the assessment of one aspect of a person’s achievement is generalised to another aspect of achievement for that same person. We conducted an experimental study in which participants (N = 107) had to grade vignettes of the same student in two different subjects. The first vignette described either a weak, average, or strong performance, whereas the second vignette always described an average performance. Thereby, rich descriptions of achievement-relevant information were used, and the impact of influencing factors was reduced. The treatment condition emerged as a significant predictor of the grade given for the second vignette even after controlling for gender, status of the participants, and the gender of the student. The results suggest that participants’ ratings can be manipulated to show halo bias. The results support the view that teacher education should raise awareness of possible sources of the halo effect.
{"title":"Halo effects in grading: an experimental approach","authors":"Fabian T. C. Schmidt, Aurelia Kaiser, Jan Retelsdorf","doi":"10.1080/01443410.2023.2194593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2023.2194593","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Halo effects in teacher judgments, can occur when the assessment of one aspect of a person’s achievement is generalised to another aspect of achievement for that same person. We conducted an experimental study in which participants (N = 107) had to grade vignettes of the same student in two different subjects. The first vignette described either a weak, average, or strong performance, whereas the second vignette always described an average performance. Thereby, rich descriptions of achievement-relevant information were used, and the impact of influencing factors was reduced. The treatment condition emerged as a significant predictor of the grade given for the second vignette even after controlling for gender, status of the participants, and the gender of the student. The results suggest that participants’ ratings can be manipulated to show halo bias. The results support the view that teacher education should raise awareness of possible sources of the halo effect.","PeriodicalId":48053,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"246 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41807359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.1080/01443410.2023.2185205
Tim Kühl, Stefan Münzer
Abstract According to the multimedia principle, adding relevant pictures to text is beneficial for learning. This beneficial effect is particularly true for text depicted in pictures (illustrated text information) but not for a text that is not illustrated in pictures (non-illustrated text information). The multimedia principle was examined for threat-related content: spider-fearful participants (SFs) learned about spiders. Since SFs typically inadequately process spider pictures, a beneficial effect of pictures concerning illustrated text information was not assumed for SFs but only for non-anxious control participants (NACs). Participants (N = 123) were randomly assigned to either a text-only condition or a text-picture condition and classified as SFs or NACs. In line with this assumption, adding pictures to text was not beneficial for SFs but only for NACs, particularly for illustrated text information. Thus, the perceived emotional content of pictures can serve as a boundary condition for the well-established multimedia principle.
{"title":"When pictures are not beneficial in multimedia learning: the case of threat-related pictures","authors":"Tim Kühl, Stefan Münzer","doi":"10.1080/01443410.2023.2185205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2023.2185205","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to the multimedia principle, adding relevant pictures to text is beneficial for learning. This beneficial effect is particularly true for text depicted in pictures (illustrated text information) but not for a text that is not illustrated in pictures (non-illustrated text information). The multimedia principle was examined for threat-related content: spider-fearful participants (SFs) learned about spiders. Since SFs typically inadequately process spider pictures, a beneficial effect of pictures concerning illustrated text information was not assumed for SFs but only for non-anxious control participants (NACs). Participants (N = 123) were randomly assigned to either a text-only condition or a text-picture condition and classified as SFs or NACs. In line with this assumption, adding pictures to text was not beneficial for SFs but only for NACs, particularly for illustrated text information. Thus, the perceived emotional content of pictures can serve as a boundary condition for the well-established multimedia principle.","PeriodicalId":48053,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"155 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48718005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：