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Political Realism: An Essay on the Politics of Value Conflict 政治现实主义:论价值冲突的政治
IF 3.3 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1017/S1049096523000021
P. Sniderman
The Ithiel de Sola Pool Award is for work throughout my career—work that I have done with many and with the help of so many more. I thank the committee for this honor and, with it, the opportunity to honor another: Merrill Shanks.
伊希尔·德·索拉·普尔奖是为了表彰我整个职业生涯中所做的工作——我与许多人一起完成的工作,以及在更多人的帮助下完成的工作。我感谢委员会授予我这个荣誉,并借此机会表彰另一个人:梅里尔·尚克斯。
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引用次数: 0
Uses and Limits of Data and Student Feedback in Pedagogical Response to COVID-19: A Case Study 数据和学生反馈在应对COVID-19教学中的使用和限制:案例研究
IF 3.3 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1017/S1049096523000069
Janet L. Donavan
ABSTRACT This article examines how one political science department used data and student feedback to make pedagogical choices about course modalities and pedagogical approaches during the COVID-19 pandemic. This case demonstrates that gathering data from students through surveys and other means and then utilizing that data in decision making is a valuable practice. However, there are constraints on collecting quality data in a crisis. With a need to react quickly and to gather and analyze data in a timely fashion, data-informed and student-empathetic decision making is a more accurate characterization of the outcomes in this case and a more achievable goal for the future than data-driven and student-centered decision making in a crisis. This study concludes that data-informed and student-empathetic decision making may be preferable in circumstances in which the data are inconclusive or support multiple conclusions as well as when there are conflicting needs and preferences among both faculty members and students.
本文研究了在COVID-19大流行期间,一个政治科学部门如何利用数据和学生反馈来选择课程模式和教学方法。这个案例表明,通过调查和其他方式从学生那里收集数据,然后在决策中利用这些数据是一个有价值的实践。然而,在危机中收集高质量数据是有限制的。与危机中以数据为导向和以学生为中心的决策相比,需要快速反应,及时收集和分析数据,在这种情况下,以数据为基础和以学生为中心的决策更能准确地描述结果,也更能实现未来的目标。本研究的结论是,在数据不确定或支持多种结论的情况下,以及教师和学生之间存在相互冲突的需求和偏好时,数据知情和学生共情的决策可能更可取。
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引用次数: 0
Hard Work and You Can’t Get It: An International Comparative Analysis of Gender, Career Aspirations, and Preparedness Among Politics and International Relations PhD Students 努力工作和你不能得到它:性别、职业抱负和政治与国际关系博士生准备的国际比较分析
IF 3.3 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1017/S1049096523000057
Daniel Casey, Serrin Rutledge-Prior, Lisa Young, J. Malloy, L. Berdahl
ABSTRACT Do all PhD students aspire to an academic career? Do PhD programs appropriately prepare students for the realities of the job market? There is a well-established gap between political science PhD graduates and tenure-track academic postings. The mismatch between PhD graduates and academic positions may point to alternative models of doctoral education as a possible solution. However, the survey of Canadian and Australian PhD students described in this article suggests that issues and challenges are common regardless of the model of doctoral education. Canadian PhDs report more mentoring activity, but they also are more fixated on securing academic positions. However, we find important gender differences across countries: men are more interested in an academic career and only a (disproportionately male) minority is confident that they will succeed in securing a faculty career. This raises questions about diversity in the future of the profession. This research suggests that although students have different experiences under different doctoral models, issues of academic jobs and a mismatch are common in both systems.
所有的博士生都渴望学术生涯吗?博士课程能让学生为就业市场的现实做好准备吗?政治学博士毕业生和终身教职之间存在着明显的差距。博士毕业生和学术职位之间的不匹配可能会指出博士教育的替代模式作为一个可能的解决方案。然而,本文中描述的对加拿大和澳大利亚博士生的调查表明,无论博士教育模式如何,问题和挑战都是共同的。据报道,加拿大博士有更多的导师活动,但他们也更注重获得学术职位。然而,我们发现各国之间存在重要的性别差异:男性对学术生涯更感兴趣,只有少数(比例不成比例的男性)有信心自己能成功地获得教职。这就提出了有关该行业未来多样性的问题。本研究表明,尽管不同博士模式下的学生经历不同,但两种模式下的学术工作和不匹配问题都是普遍存在的。
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引用次数: 1
Crossing a Virtual Divide: Wargaming as a Remote Teaching Tool 跨越虚拟鸿沟:Wargaming作为远程教学工具
IF 3.3 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1017/S1049096523000045
Benjamin Norwood Harris, S. Freeman
ABSTRACT In Fall 2020, political science instructors at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) partnered to conduct a virtual-learning wargame centered on Taiwan. This article presents its design and execution along with the results from pre- and post-game surveys and interviews with the participants that were conducted to measure the achievement of its learning objectives. The game conduct and empirical results demonstrate two main findings. First, wargames are effective tools of active learning that aid in classroom instruction and grab the attention of students—even over Zoom—in a way that traditional methods of instruction do not. Second, wargames can bridge gaps between different fields. The MIT–NPS wargame tackled the civil–military divide by bringing together military officers at NPS and academics from MIT. These results show that wargaming holds promise as a bridge-building tool of instruction that can engage students, scholars, and practitioners in achieving positive learning outcomes.
2020年秋季,麻省理工学院(MIT)和海军研究生院(NPS)的政治学讲师合作开展了一场以台湾为中心的虚拟学习兵棋推演。本文介绍了它的设计和执行,以及对参与者进行的赛前和赛后调查和访谈的结果,以衡量其学习目标的实现。博弈行为和实证结果显示了两个主要发现。首先,兵棋是积极学习的有效工具,有助于课堂教学,并抓住学生的注意力——甚至通过放大——这是传统教学方法所不能做到的。第二,兵棋推演可以弥合不同领域之间的差距。MIT - NPS兵棋推演将NPS的军官和MIT的学者聚集在一起,解决了军民之间的分歧。这些结果表明,兵棋推演有望成为一种搭建教学桥梁的工具,可以让学生、学者和从业人员参与进来,取得积极的学习成果。
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引用次数: 0
Scholarship on the Middle East in Political Science and International Relations: A Reassessment 政治科学与国际关系中的中东研究:再评估
IF 3.3 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1017/S1049096522001378
A. Teti, P. Abbott
ABSTRACT A recently published dataset of Middle East and North Africa (MENA)–focused scholarship in journals selected to represent the disciplinary “core” of political science sheds empirical light on key publishing trends, from the balance between quantitative and qualitative studies to the growth in experimental and “large-N” statistical methods. Cammett and Kendall’s (2021) analysis shows that between 2001 and 2019, MENA-focused studies declined as a share of publications but that slightly less than half of that work is qualitative. However, the definition of qualitative research that the study uses significantly overstates the number of such articles in the Cammett and Kendall dataset. Our analysis rectifies this, distinguishing among research studies that use qualitative evidence, qualitative methods, theoretical traditions, and paradigms (i.e., positivist/post-positivist). This yields a more accurate and significantly starker picture of the marginality of MENA qualitative research in core politics journals. These results raise the question of why methodologically sophisticated scholarship outside of the “top journals” has not been published there.
最近发表的一份以中东和北非(MENA)为重点的学术研究数据集,揭示了从定量和定性研究之间的平衡到实验和“大n”统计方法的增长等关键出版趋势。这些期刊被选为政治学学科“核心”的代表。Cammett和Kendall(2021)的分析表明,2001年至2019年期间,以中东和北非为重点的研究在出版物中所占比例有所下降,但其中不到一半的研究是定性的。然而,该研究使用的定性研究的定义明显夸大了Cammett和Kendall数据集中这类文章的数量。我们的分析纠正了这一点,区分了使用定性证据、定性方法、理论传统和范式(即实证主义/后实证主义)的研究。这就产生了一幅更准确、更明显的中东和北非定性研究在核心政治期刊上边缘化的图景。这些结果提出了一个问题,为什么在“顶级期刊”之外的方法复杂的学术没有在那里发表。
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引用次数: 1
Introducing ScrumAdemia: An Agile Guide for Doctoral Research scrum学术:博士研究的敏捷指南
IF 3.3 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.1017/S1049096522001408
C. Franco, A. Fünfgeld, Viviana García Pinzón, Jan Klenke, Rebecca Lohmann, Désirée Reder, Swantje Schirmer
ABSTRACT Pursuing a PhD is an exigent endeavor entailing various psychological and organizational challenges. This article proposes our adaptation of the agile method Scrum, which we call “ScrumAdemia,” as a solution. We illustrate how ScrumAdemia helps us to overcome the challenges related to workflows, working conditions, and mental health during doctoral research. We use data from a self-evaluation survey executed over 18 months, as well as an extended focus-group discussion to assess ScrumAdemia’s usefulness. Our experiences show that ScrumAdemia helps us to (1) overcome limitations of organization and structure relating to working conditions; (2) solve time-management problems affecting workflows; and (3) remedy the lack of support. This study has broader implications for doctoral research: more attention should be given to creating structures for peer-to-peer support.
攻读博士学位是一项紧迫的努力,涉及各种心理和组织挑战。本文提出了我们对敏捷方法Scrum的改编,我们称之为“ScrumAdemia”,作为一种解决方案。我们说明了ScrumAdemia如何帮助我们克服在博士研究期间与工作流程、工作条件和心理健康相关的挑战。我们使用了18个月的自我评估调查数据,以及扩展的焦点小组讨论来评估ScrumAdemia的有用性。我们的经验表明,ScrumAdemia帮助我们克服了与工作条件有关的组织和结构的限制;(2)解决影响工作流程的时间管理问题;(3)弥补缺乏支持。这项研究对博士研究有更广泛的启示:应该更多地关注创建点对点支持的结构。
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引用次数: 0
Accidental Scientists: How Undergraduate Research in Political Science Can Help to Patch the “Leaky Pipeline” in STEM Education 偶然的科学家:政治学本科研究如何帮助修补STEM教育中的“管道漏洞”
IF 3.3 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.1017/S1049096522001263
L. Mueller
ABSTRACT Education advocates lament the “leaky pipeline” in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), whereby students—especially minorities and women—drop out of STEM at successive stages of the educational system. Defining empirical political science as a branch of STEM, this article proposes that undergraduate research in political science can help to patch this leaky pipeline and expand access to scientific skills and habits of mind. I elaborate on three rationales to support my claim: (1) political science is a relatively diverse field of STEM; (2) college primes students to think like (political) scientists; and (3) students often encounter political science research opportunities for the first time as undergraduates, presenting an opportunity for faculty to “catch” those who selected out of STEM after high school. I substantiate my arguments by drawing on enrollment data, archival documents, the theories of John Dewey, and testimonials from former undergraduate researchers. I also recommend ways for political science departments to provide a meaningful STEM education by enhancing research programs.
教育倡导者哀叹科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)的“管道漏水”,学生——尤其是少数族裔和女性——在教育系统的连续阶段退出STEM。本文将实证政治学定义为STEM的一个分支,提出政治学的本科研究可以帮助填补这一漏洞,并扩大获得科学技能和思维习惯的途径。我详细阐述了三个理由来支持我的观点:(1)政治学是一个相对多样化的STEM领域;(2)大学引导学生像(政治)科学家那样思考;(3)学生经常作为本科生第一次遇到政治学研究机会,这为教师提供了一个“抓住”那些高中毕业后选择STEM的人的机会。我通过引用招生数据、档案文件、约翰·杜威的理论和前本科生研究人员的证词来证实我的论点。我还建议政治科学系通过加强研究项目来提供有意义的STEM教育。
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引用次数: 0
The Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Political Science Teaching 新冠肺炎疫情对政治学教学的长期影响
IF 3.3 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.1017/S1049096522001391
Rebecca A. Glazier, J. Strachan
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic abruptly changed political science higher education—shifting courses and instructors online with little preparation. What might be the long-term effects of teaching through this crisis? Combining both open-ended and forced-choice survey questions with focus-group conversations, the data reveal a picture of faculty who are doing more for students and feeling strained by the efforts. Despite the challenges of teaching online during these difficult circumstances, attitudes toward online teaching did not decline universally. Those with more experience teaching online before the pandemic held a more favorable view of online teaching when they were surveyed during the pandemic. The data also show that the emotional burden on faculty increased, with female faculty members carrying a particularly heavy load. Because online classes likely will play a major role in the future of teaching political science, understanding the pandemic’s effects—both positive and negative—is critical.
新冠肺炎疫情突然改变了政治学高等教育在线课程和讲师的变化,几乎没有准备。在这场危机中教学的长期影响可能是什么?将开放式和强制选择的调查问题与焦点小组对话结合起来,数据揭示了教师为学生做更多事情并感到压力的情况。尽管在这些困难的情况下在线教学面临挑战,但对在线教学的态度并没有普遍下降。在大流行期间接受调查时,那些在大流行之前有更多在线教学经验的人对在线教学持更有利的看法。数据还显示,教师的情感负担有所增加,女性教师的负担尤其沉重。由于在线课程可能会在未来的政治学教学中发挥重要作用,因此了解疫情的影响——无论是积极的还是消极的——至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Online Surveys in Latin America 拉丁美洲的在线调查
IF 3.3 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-20 DOI: 10.1017/S1049096522001287
Oscar Castorena, Noam Lupu, Maitagorri Schade, Elizabeth J. Zechmeister
ABSTRACT Online surveys of public opinion are less expensive and faster to administer than other surveys. However, nonprobability online samples diverge from the gold standard of probabilistic sampling. Although scholars have examined the quality of nonprobability samples in the United States and Europe, we know little about how these samples perform in developing contexts. We use nine online surveys fielded in six Latin American countries to examine the bias in these samples. We also ask whether two common tools that researchers use to mitigate sample bias—post-stratification and sample matching—improve these online samples. We find that online samples in the region exhibit high levels of bias, even in countries where Internet access is widespread. We also find that post-stratification does little to improve sample quality; sample matching outperforms the provider’s standard approach, but the gains are substantively small. This is partly because unequal Internet access and lack of investment in panel recruitment means that providers are unlikely to have enough panelists in lower socioeconomic categories to draw representative online samples, regardless of the sampling method. Researchers who want to draw conclusions about the attitudes or behaviors of the public as a whole in contexts like Latin America still need probability samples.
在线民意调查比其他调查成本更低,管理起来也更快。然而,非概率在线样本偏离了概率抽样的黄金标准。尽管美国和欧洲的学者已经研究了非概率样本的质量,但我们对这些样本在发展中环境中的表现知之甚少。我们使用了六个拉丁美洲国家的九个在线调查来检查这些样本中的偏差。我们还询问研究人员用来减轻样本偏差的两种常用工具——后分层和样本匹配——是否改善了这些在线样本。我们发现,该地区的在线样本显示出高度的偏见,即使在互联网接入广泛的国家也是如此。我们还发现,后分层对提高样本质量作用不大;样本匹配优于提供者的标准方法,但收益非常小。这在一定程度上是因为不平等的互联网接入和缺乏对小组招聘的投资意味着,无论采用何种抽样方法,供应商都不太可能在较低的社会经济类别中拥有足够的小组成员来抽取具有代表性的在线样本。研究人员想要得出关于拉丁美洲等地区公众整体态度或行为的结论,仍然需要概率样本。
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引用次数: 2
Your Honor’s Misdeeds: The Consequences of Judicial Scandal on Specific and Diffuse Support 法官的不当行为:司法丑闻对具体支持和分散支持的影响
IF 3.3 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1017/S104909652200138X
Joshua Boston, Benjamin J. Kassow, Ali S. Masood, David R. Miller
ABSTRACT Legitimacy is a bulwark for courts; even when judges engage in controversial or disagreeable behavior, the public tends to acquiesce. Recent studies identify several threats to the legitimacy of courts, including polarization and attacks by political elites. This article contributes to the scholarly discourse by exploring a previously unconsidered threat: scandal, or allegations of personal misbehavior. We argue that scandals can undermine confidence in judges as virtuous arbiters and erode broad public support for the courts. Using survey experiments, we draw on real-world judicial controversies to evaluate the impact of scandal on specific support for judicial actors and their rulings and diffuse support for the judiciary. We demonstrate that scandals erode individual support but find no evidence that institutional support is diminished. These findings may ease normative concerns that isolated indiscretions by controversial jurists may deplete the vast “reservoir of goodwill” that is foundational to the courts.
合法性是法院的堡垒;即使法官做出有争议或令人不快的行为,公众也倾向于默许。最近的研究发现了法院合法性面临的几个威胁,包括两极分化和政治精英的攻击。这篇文章通过探索以前未被考虑的威胁:丑闻或个人不当行为的指控,为学术论述做出了贡献。我们认为,丑闻会削弱人们对法官作为道德仲裁者的信心,侵蚀公众对法院的广泛支持。通过调查实验,我们利用现实世界的司法争议来评估丑闻对司法行为者及其裁决的具体支持和对司法的分散支持的影响。我们证明了丑闻侵蚀了个人的支持,但没有发现证据表明机构的支持减少了。这些发现可能缓解规范性方面的担忧,即有争议的法学家的个别轻率行为可能会耗尽法院基础的巨大“善意水库”。
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引用次数: 0
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Ps-Political Science & Politics
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