Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.1017/S1049096522001226
Alfred G. Cuzán
ABSTRACT In “In Laws of Politics and How to Establish Them,” Erik Weber contends that my arguments for the existence of “five laws of politics” are “inconclusive.” Although the “empirical evidence is impressive,” he avers, the “underlying social mechanisms” responsible for the adduced relationships are missing. Without it, he adds, no empirical relationship rises to the special status of a “law” of politics. Helpfully, Weber did not stop there. Using the example of Duverger’s laws, he suggested ways to close the “argumentative gap.” In this article, I aim to do just that.
{"title":"On Duverger and “Laws of Politics”","authors":"Alfred G. Cuzán","doi":"10.1017/S1049096522001226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096522001226","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In “In Laws of Politics and How to Establish Them,” Erik Weber contends that my arguments for the existence of “five laws of politics” are “inconclusive.” Although the “empirical evidence is impressive,” he avers, the “underlying social mechanisms” responsible for the adduced relationships are missing. Without it, he adds, no empirical relationship rises to the special status of a “law” of politics. Helpfully, Weber did not stop there. Using the example of Duverger’s laws, he suggested ways to close the “argumentative gap.” In this article, I aim to do just that.","PeriodicalId":48096,"journal":{"name":"Ps-Political Science & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72722212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.1017/s1049096522001184
Lina Benabdallah, J. Esarey, Peter M. Siavelis, B. Wilkinson
{"title":"Statement of Philosophy and Mission","authors":"Lina Benabdallah, J. Esarey, Peter M. Siavelis, B. Wilkinson","doi":"10.1017/s1049096522001184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049096522001184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48096,"journal":{"name":"Ps-Political Science & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77029132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1017/S1049096522001214
Nicole Kalaf-Hughes
ABSTRACT Because research and communication proficiency is ubiquitous in the academic and professional world, teaching students the necessary information literacy (IL) and visual literacy (VL) skills has become increasingly important. Integrating IL and VL pedagogy into substantive coursework can enhance students’ comprehension of the material and teach them to make a meaningful contribution to public awareness and understanding of political science. Yet, faculty often find it challenging to include instruction in these skills with necessary coverage of substantive course material. This article discusses the use of an infographic assignment in an introductory American government course as a tool to teach literacy skills and to reinforce substantive course concepts. Encouraging students to distill academic research into an infographic requires them to understand the process of information creation, the role of visuals in communication, and how scholarship acts as a conversation—all key components of literacy in higher education.
{"title":"Promoting Information Literacy and Visual Literacy Skills in Undergraduate Students Using Infographics","authors":"Nicole Kalaf-Hughes","doi":"10.1017/S1049096522001214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096522001214","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Because research and communication proficiency is ubiquitous in the academic and professional world, teaching students the necessary information literacy (IL) and visual literacy (VL) skills has become increasingly important. Integrating IL and VL pedagogy into substantive coursework can enhance students’ comprehension of the material and teach them to make a meaningful contribution to public awareness and understanding of political science. Yet, faculty often find it challenging to include instruction in these skills with necessary coverage of substantive course material. This article discusses the use of an infographic assignment in an introductory American government course as a tool to teach literacy skills and to reinforce substantive course concepts. Encouraging students to distill academic research into an infographic requires them to understand the process of information creation, the role of visuals in communication, and how scholarship acts as a conversation—all key components of literacy in higher education.","PeriodicalId":48096,"journal":{"name":"Ps-Political Science & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88635090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1017/S1049096522001299
M. Macdonald, A. Russell, Whitney Hua
ABSTRACT Congressional candidates regularly turn their frustration into posts on Facebook, fueling extreme partisanship and “echo-chamber” dialogue with their negative sentiment. In this research, we provide new evidence demonstrating the power of that negative sentiment to elicit more user engagement on Facebook across various metrics, illustrating how congressional candidates’ use of negativity corresponds with greater negativity in public responses. To fully comprehend the impact of these online political messages, we use a dictionary-based computational approach to catalog the tone of US House of Representatives candidates’ messages on Facebook and the user responses they elicit during the 2020 election. This research speaks to the power of elite rhetoric to shape political climates and pairs candidate strategies with user responses—contributing new insights into the mechanisms for voter engagement.
{"title":"Negative Sentiment and Congressional Cue-Taking on Social Media","authors":"M. Macdonald, A. Russell, Whitney Hua","doi":"10.1017/S1049096522001299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096522001299","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Congressional candidates regularly turn their frustration into posts on Facebook, fueling extreme partisanship and “echo-chamber” dialogue with their negative sentiment. In this research, we provide new evidence demonstrating the power of that negative sentiment to elicit more user engagement on Facebook across various metrics, illustrating how congressional candidates’ use of negativity corresponds with greater negativity in public responses. To fully comprehend the impact of these online political messages, we use a dictionary-based computational approach to catalog the tone of US House of Representatives candidates’ messages on Facebook and the user responses they elicit during the 2020 election. This research speaks to the power of elite rhetoric to shape political climates and pairs candidate strategies with user responses—contributing new insights into the mechanisms for voter engagement.","PeriodicalId":48096,"journal":{"name":"Ps-Political Science & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89914760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.1017/S1049096522001160
B. Ackerly, Sekou M. Franklin
The American Political Science Association (APSA) is a formal organization that offers mentoring, research opportunities, network ties, and faculty development. It provides relational anchors for members such as peerto-peer relationships cultivated at the Annual Meetings, communal connections promulgated by engagement activities at conferences, and solidarity ties associated with being part of the political science profession. Thus, APSA is a part of and essential to—but not the whole of—the political science community. APSA can influence inclusion in the profession of political science, in associational activities, and at the Annual Meetings. Its stakeholders are members and nonmembers, who as political scientists sometimes attend the Annual Meetings and are professional colleagues of members; organized section leadership, who organize the intellectual lives of members of their organized sections, including the bylaws, awards, programs, meetings, and receptions; membership leadership (including elected and appointed positions); and staff. This article identifies ways for APSA to contribute to a more inclusive climate for people from minority and marginalized groups. Our findings and recommendations are grounded in a review of the extant literature; APSA’s self-studies and resources on diversity, equity, and inclusion; our own participant observation in sectionmeetings and APSA-hostedmeetings for section leadership beginning as graduate students in the 1990s and 2000s, respectively; and review of diversity statements and initiatives by organized sections and allied groups. Our recommendations focus on three changes: (1) better utilizing the membership and section infrastructure to improve conditions within APSA; (2) broadeningmembership among minority political scientists and fostering inclusive climate in political science departments; and (3) increasing the number of staff who support diversity and inclusion as well as related resources.
{"title":"Climate and the American Political Science Association","authors":"B. Ackerly, Sekou M. Franklin","doi":"10.1017/S1049096522001160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096522001160","url":null,"abstract":"The American Political Science Association (APSA) is a formal organization that offers mentoring, research opportunities, network ties, and faculty development. It provides relational anchors for members such as peerto-peer relationships cultivated at the Annual Meetings, communal connections promulgated by engagement activities at conferences, and solidarity ties associated with being part of the political science profession. Thus, APSA is a part of and essential to—but not the whole of—the political science community. APSA can influence inclusion in the profession of political science, in associational activities, and at the Annual Meetings. Its stakeholders are members and nonmembers, who as political scientists sometimes attend the Annual Meetings and are professional colleagues of members; organized section leadership, who organize the intellectual lives of members of their organized sections, including the bylaws, awards, programs, meetings, and receptions; membership leadership (including elected and appointed positions); and staff. This article identifies ways for APSA to contribute to a more inclusive climate for people from minority and marginalized groups. Our findings and recommendations are grounded in a review of the extant literature; APSA’s self-studies and resources on diversity, equity, and inclusion; our own participant observation in sectionmeetings and APSA-hostedmeetings for section leadership beginning as graduate students in the 1990s and 2000s, respectively; and review of diversity statements and initiatives by organized sections and allied groups. Our recommendations focus on three changes: (1) better utilizing the membership and section infrastructure to improve conditions within APSA; (2) broadeningmembership among minority political scientists and fostering inclusive climate in political science departments; and (3) increasing the number of staff who support diversity and inclusion as well as related resources.","PeriodicalId":48096,"journal":{"name":"Ps-Political Science & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90064239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.1017/S1049096522000889
Carol Mershon
{"title":"Introduction: The Import of Equity and Equality for All Political Scientists","authors":"Carol Mershon","doi":"10.1017/S1049096522000889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096522000889","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48096,"journal":{"name":"Ps-Political Science & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89476569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.1017/s1049096522000804
Melissa R. Michelson, Betina Cutaia Wilkinson
Racism, sexism, homophobia, and other forms of bias are pervasive and persistent throughout academia, including in political science, and these problems have been documented extensively (Fraga, Givens, and Pinderhughes 2011; Lavariega Monforti 2012; LavariegaMonforti andMichelson 2008, 2020; McClain et al. 2016; Thomas and Hollenshead 2001). Firstperson perspectives on these challenges and institutional racism have been shared by Alexander-Floyd (2015), SinclairChapman (2015), and Smooth (2016), to name only a few. Individuals from historically excluded groups, especially women of color, have been tokenized by their departments and institutions and asked to assume extra, uncompensated service tasks (Simien and Wallace 2022). They feel invisible, are the subject of microaggressions, and report a sense of not belonging to departments that tend to be dominated by white men (Ghosh and Wang 2022). This rich literature of previous work also documents best practices for institutions and departments to adopt to ensure that they are achieving their diversity and inclusion goals. Yet, lack of implementation of these recommendations persists. After reviewing and summarizing best practices in transforming campus climates, hiring, and retention, this article addresses the persistent gap between institutional knowledge of what should be done and the lack of action among most political science departments.
种族主义、性别歧视、同性恋恐惧症和其他形式的偏见在学术界普遍存在，包括在政治科学中，这些问题已经被广泛记录(Fraga, Givens, and Pinderhughes 2011;Lavariega Monforti 2012;LavariegaMonforti andMichelson 2008, 2020;McClain et al. 2016;Thomas and Hollenshead 2001)。亚历山大-弗洛伊德(2015)、辛克莱-查普曼(2015)和斯Smooth(2016)等人都以第一人称的视角分享了这些挑战和制度性种族主义。来自历史上被排斥的群体的个人，尤其是有色人种的女性，已经被他们的部门和机构标记化，并被要求承担额外的、无偿的服务任务(Simien和Wallace 2022)。她们感到被忽视，是微侵犯的对象，并报告说不属于往往由白人男性主导的部门(Ghosh和Wang 2022)。这份丰富的以往工作文献也记录了机构和部门采用的最佳做法，以确保它们实现其多样性和包容性目标。然而，这些建议仍然没有得到执行。在回顾和总结了改变校园气候、招聘和保留的最佳实践之后，本文解决了大多数政治科学部门对应该做什么的制度性知识与缺乏行动之间的持续差距。
{"title":"Best Practices in Diversifying Political Science","authors":"Melissa R. Michelson, Betina Cutaia Wilkinson","doi":"10.1017/s1049096522000804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049096522000804","url":null,"abstract":"Racism, sexism, homophobia, and other forms of bias are pervasive and persistent throughout academia, including in political science, and these problems have been documented extensively (Fraga, Givens, and Pinderhughes 2011; Lavariega Monforti 2012; LavariegaMonforti andMichelson 2008, 2020; McClain et al. 2016; Thomas and Hollenshead 2001). Firstperson perspectives on these challenges and institutional racism have been shared by Alexander-Floyd (2015), SinclairChapman (2015), and Smooth (2016), to name only a few. Individuals from historically excluded groups, especially women of color, have been tokenized by their departments and institutions and asked to assume extra, uncompensated service tasks (Simien and Wallace 2022). They feel invisible, are the subject of microaggressions, and report a sense of not belonging to departments that tend to be dominated by white men (Ghosh and Wang 2022). This rich literature of previous work also documents best practices for institutions and departments to adopt to ensure that they are achieving their diversity and inclusion goals. Yet, lack of implementation of these recommendations persists. After reviewing and summarizing best practices in transforming campus climates, hiring, and retention, this article addresses the persistent gap between institutional knowledge of what should be done and the lack of action among most political science departments.","PeriodicalId":48096,"journal":{"name":"Ps-Political Science & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83053605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.1017/S1049096522000890
Carol Mershon
As emphasized in this symposium, political scientists have long decried systemic inequality and inequity in the profession. Despite an abundant literature addressing these profound problems, they persist.What can bring genuine change to the discipline? This symposium offers a fresh perspective on the stubborn barriers to creating a positive climate for women, scholars of color, LGBTQþ identified, and other underrepresented individuals in political science. We analyze microaggression, bullying, and implicit bias (Ghosh and Wang 2022) as well as exclusion and disproportionate service burdens (Simien and Wallace 2022). Stressing that past attempts to surmount the obstacles have not resolved them, we discuss what can overcome the problems. We identify best practices at both the departmental and university levels (Michelson and Wilkinson 2022). Furthermore, we recommend policies, initiatives, and strategies that the American Political Science Association (APSA) can pursue (Ackerly and Franklin 2022). In this conclusion to the symposium, however, I do not recapitulate the introduction or the articles that comprise its main narrative. Rather, I track recent progress and discuss how we can effect structural transformation to better combat systemic inequity and inequality in political science.
正如本次研讨会所强调的那样，政治学家长期以来一直谴责政治学界的系统性不平等和不公平。尽管有大量的文献解决这些深刻的问题，但它们仍然存在。什么能给这门学科带来真正的改变?本次研讨会提供了一个新的视角，为女性、有色人种学者、LGBTQþ学者和其他在政治科学中未被充分代表的个人创造积极氛围的顽固障碍。我们分析了微攻击、欺凌和内隐偏见(Ghosh and Wang 2022)以及排斥和不成比例的服务负担(Simien and Wallace 2022)。我们强调过去克服障碍的努力并没有解决这些障碍，因此讨论可以克服这些问题的办法。我们确定了部门和大学层面的最佳实践(Michelson和Wilkinson 2022)。此外，我们还建议美国政治科学协会(APSA)可以推行的政策、举措和战略(Ackerly and Franklin 2022)。然而，在这次专题讨论会的结论中，我不重述构成其主要叙述的导言或文章。相反，我追踪了最近的进展，并讨论了我们如何实现结构转型，以更好地打击政治科学中的系统性不平等和不平等。
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