Journal of Policy Analysis and Management最新文献

英文中文

Occupational licensing and income inequality in the states 各州的职业许可与收入不平等

IF 3.8 3区管理学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1002/pam.22660

Wendy Chen, William W. Franko, Robert J. McGrath

The decades-long rise of economic inequality in the U.S. has led to a growing body of literature examining the role of policy in shaping income differences. We examine one such policy: occupational licensing regulations. Licensing can restrict employment and reduce market competition, which can then inflate wages for those in licensed professions. Existing research demonstrates that occupational licensure does increase wages in specific industries, leading some scholars to argue that licensing makes income inequality worse. We add nuance by arguing that the effect of licensing on inequality is dependent on which occupation classes experience the largest wage premiums. Using a comprehensive over-time database of state licensing regulations, we first demonstrate that medium- and low-wage jobs garner larger wage premiums than high-wage occupations. Second, consistent with this result we then show that the occupational licensing regulations have the overall effect of reducing state income inequality. This research contributes to our understanding of the causes of growing inequality and how public policy can shape economic disparities through sometimes unintended and indirect ways.

几十年来，美国经济不平等现象不断加剧，因此越来越多的文献研究政策在形成收入差异方面的作用。我们研究了其中一项政策：职业许可法规。职业许可可以限制就业，减少市场竞争，从而抬高持证职业从业者的工资。现有研究表明，职业许可确实会提高特定行业的工资，因此一些学者认为许可会加剧收入不平等。我们认为，许可对不平等的影响取决于哪些职业类别的工资溢价最大，从而增加了细微差别。我们利用一个全面的州许可法规超时空数据库，首先证明了中低工资工作比高薪职业获得了更大的工资溢价。其次，与这一结果相一致，我们还证明了职业许可法规具有减少州收入不平等的整体效果。这项研究有助于我们理解日益加剧的不平等现象的原因，以及公共政策如何通过有时意想不到的间接方式影响经济差距。

{"title":"Occupational licensing and income inequality in the states","authors":"Wendy Chen, William W. Franko, Robert J. McGrath","doi":"10.1002/pam.22660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22660","url":null,"abstract":"The decades-long rise of economic inequality in the U.S. has led to a growing body of literature examining the role of policy in shaping income differences. We examine one such policy: occupational licensing regulations. Licensing can restrict employment and reduce market competition, which can then inflate wages for those in licensed professions. Existing research demonstrates that occupational licensure does increase wages in specific industries, leading some scholars to argue that licensing makes income inequality worse. We add nuance by arguing that the effect of licensing on inequality is dependent on which occupation classes experience the largest wage premiums. Using a comprehensive over-time database of state licensing regulations, we first demonstrate that medium- and low-wage jobs garner larger wage premiums than high-wage occupations. Second, consistent with this result we then show that the occupational licensing regulations have the overall effect of reducing state income inequality. This research contributes to our understanding of the causes of growing inequality and how public policy can shape economic disparities through sometimes unintended and indirect ways.","PeriodicalId":48105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142713020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of alimony on married women's labor supply and fertility: Evidence from state-level reforms 赡养费对已婚妇女劳动力供给和生育率的影响：来自州一级改革的证据

IF 3.8 3区管理学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1002/pam.22661

Daniel Fernández-Kranz, Jennifer Roff

Reforms that reduce spousal support after divorce are generally thought to reduce the bargaining power of alimony recipients as well as their incentives to participate in the traditional model of household specialization. Using the U.S. Time Use Survey and exploiting a series of recent reforms in several U.S. states that reduced the rights of eligible spouses, we find that wives surprised by the reforms reacted by increasing their labor supply, but the adjustment mechanism varied by educational group. While college educated wives' labor supply increased at the expense of time spent on housework and childcare, wives with less than a college degree sacrificed personal care and leisure time. Effects for men are generally smaller and not statistically significant. We also find a reduction in the rate of new births following the reforms, with the effect being much more pronounced in the case of women with a university education, suggesting that part of the difference in time use may be attributable to differences in preferences and the cost of children by educational levels. Since children are a marital public good, our results imply a decrease in marriage-specific investment. The estimated effects are robust to various sensitivity tests and are greater in couples with a high-income differential and therefore more exposed to changes in alimony laws.

人们普遍认为，减少离婚后配偶赡养费的改革会降低赡养费领取者的讨价还价能力以及她们参与传统家庭专业化模式的积极性。我们利用美国时间利用调查（U.S. Time Use Survey），并利用美国几个州最近进行的一系列改革（这些改革降低了符合条件的配偶的权利），发现对改革感到惊讶的妻子们的反应是增加她们的劳动力供给，但调整机制因教育群体而异。受过大学教育的妻子在增加劳动供给的同时牺牲了家务和育儿时间，而大学以下学历的妻子则牺牲了个人护理和休闲时间。对男性的影响一般较小，在统计上也不显著。我们还发现，改革后新生儿的出生率有所下降，这对受过大学教育的女性的影响更为明显，这表明时间使用上的部分差异可能归因于不同教育水平的偏好和子女成本的差异。由于子女是一种婚姻公共产品，我们的结果意味着婚姻特定投资的减少。估计的影响对各种敏感性测试都是稳健的，而且对高收入差异的夫妇影响更大，因此更容易受到赡养费法律变化的影响。

{"title":"The effect of alimony on married women's labor supply and fertility: Evidence from state-level reforms","authors":"Daniel Fernández-Kranz, Jennifer Roff","doi":"10.1002/pam.22661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22661","url":null,"abstract":"Reforms that reduce spousal support after divorce are generally thought to reduce the bargaining power of alimony recipients as well as their incentives to participate in the traditional model of household specialization. Using the U.S. Time Use Survey and exploiting a series of recent reforms in several U.S. states that reduced the rights of eligible spouses, we find that wives surprised by the reforms reacted by increasing their labor supply, but the adjustment mechanism varied by educational group. While college educated wives' labor supply increased at the expense of time spent on housework and childcare, wives with less than a college degree sacrificed personal care and leisure time. Effects for men are generally smaller and not statistically significant. We also find a reduction in the rate of new births following the reforms, with the effect being much more pronounced in the case of women with a university education, suggesting that part of the difference in time use may be attributable to differences in preferences and the cost of children by educational levels. Since children are a marital public good, our results imply a decrease in marriage-specific investment. The estimated effects are robust to various sensitivity tests and are greater in couples with a high-income differential and therefore more exposed to changes in alimony laws.","PeriodicalId":48105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Credible climate policy must account for political and economic realities 可信的气候政策必须考虑政治和经济现实

IF 2.3 3区管理学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/pam.22654

Elizabeth Pancotti, Todd N. Tucker

引用次数: 0

Tariffs are a necessary backstop of the clean energy transition 关税是清洁能源转型的必要后盾

IF 2.3 3区管理学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/pam.22653

Elizabeth Pancotti, Todd Tucker

引用次数: 0

Tariffs on clean-energy technology 清洁能源技术关税

IF 2.3 3区管理学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/pam.22658

Arik Levinson

引用次数: 0

Tariffs are an obstacle to the clean energy transition 关税是清洁能源转型的障碍

IF 2.3 3区管理学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/pam.22657

Arik Levinson

引用次数: 0

Will tariffs on clean energy products support the clean energy transition? 对清洁能源产品征收关税能否支持清洁能源转型？

IF 2.3 3区管理学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/pam.22652

引用次数: 0

IF 2.3 3区管理学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/pam.22655

引用次数: 0

Correction to “Course grades as a signal of student achievement: Evidence of grade inflation before and after COVID-19” 更正 "作为学生成绩信号的课程成绩：COVID-19前后成绩膨胀的证据"

IF 2.3 3区管理学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/pam.22659

Goldhaber, D., & Goodman Young, M. (2024). Course grades as a signal of student achievement: Evidence of grade inflation before and after COVID-19. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 43, 1270–1282. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22618

In the final paragraph of the “Evolution in Grades and Test Results Over Time” section, the text “Thirty-one percent to 39% (depending on subject) of Level 1 students received a D or F grade. But perhaps surprisingly, 32% to 42% of these students received an A or B. This is an increase of 4 to 9 percentage points from the previous year” was incorrect. This should have read “Thirty percent to 32% (depending on subject) of Level 1 students received a D or F grade. But perhaps surprisingly, 40% to 42% of these students received an A or B. This is an increase of 2 to 13 percentage points from the previous year.”

Figure 3a initially reported that 12% of students receiving an achievement level 1 in math received an A in their math class, 20% received a B, 29% received a C, 14% received a D, and 25% received an F. Figure 3c initially reported that 14% of students receiving an achievement level 1 in science received an A in their science class, 21% received a B, 32% received a C, 15% received a D, and 18% received an F. The revised figures are shown below.

Figures 4a and 4c have been updated to reflect similar corrections.

We apologize for this error.

Goldhaber, D., & Goodman Young, M. (2024)。课程成绩作为学生成绩的信号：COVID-19 前后成绩膨胀的证据。Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 43, 1270-1282。https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22618In "Evolution in Grades and Test Results Over Time "部分的最后一段，"31%-39%（取决于科目）的 1 级学生获得了 D 或 F 级。但令人惊讶的是，32% 至 42% 的学生获得了 A 或 B。应改为 "30% 至 32%（取决于科目）的第 1 级学生获得 D 或 F 级。但也许令人吃惊的是，这些学生中有 40% 至 42% 获得了 A 或 B，这比上一年增加了 2 至 13 个百分点。"图 3a 最初报告说，数学成绩 1 级的学生中有 12% 在数学课上获得了 A，20% 获得了 B，29% 获得了 C，14% 获得了 D，25% 获得了 F。图 3c 最初显示，在科学成绩达到 1 级的学生中，14% 的学生在科学课上获得了 A 级，21% 获得了 B 级，32% 获得了 C 级，15% 获得了 D 级，18% 获得了 F 级。图 3在图形浏览器中打开PowerPoint成绩等级为 1 的学生的成绩分布情况，表示该学生在 2021/2022 年的年终测试中没有达到年级的预期成绩[彩图可在 wileyonlinelibrary.com]Figures 4a and 4c have been updated to reflect similar corrections.FIGURE 4Open in figure viewerPowerPointDistribution of grades amongst students with an Achievement Level of 1, indicating that the student has not reached grade level expectations on the end of year test from 2014/2015 to 2021/2022.[彩图可在 wileyonlinelibrary.com 上查看]我们对此错误深表歉意。

{"title":"Correction to “Course grades as a signal of student achievement: Evidence of grade inflation before and after COVID-19”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/pam.22659","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pam.22659","url":null,"abstract":"Goldhaber, D., & Goodman Young, M. (2024). Course grades as a signal of student achievement: Evidence of grade inflation before and after COVID-19. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 43, 1270–1282. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22618In the final paragraph of the “Evolution in Grades and Test Results Over Time” section, the text “Thirty-one percent to 39% (depending on subject) of Level 1 students received a D or F grade. But perhaps surprisingly, 32% to 42% of these students received an A or B. This is an increase of 4 to 9 percentage points from the previous year” was incorrect. This should have read “Thirty percent to 32% (depending on subject) of Level 1 students received a D or F grade. But perhaps surprisingly, 40% to 42% of these students received an A or B. This is an increase of 2 to 13 percentage points from the previous year.”Figure 3a initially reported that 12% of students receiving an achievement level 1 in math received an A in their math class, 20% received a B, 29% received a C, 14% received a D, and 25% received an F. Figure 3c initially reported that 14% of students receiving an achievement level 1 in science received an A in their science class, 21% received a B, 32% received a C, 15% received a D, and 18% received an F. The revised figures are shown below.Figures 4a and 4c have been updated to reflect similar corrections.We apologize for this error.","PeriodicalId":48105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","volume":"44 1","pages":"349-351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pam.22659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Notes from the Editor 编辑手记

IF 2.3 3区管理学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1002/pam.22656

Erdal Tekin

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀