International Journal of Psychology最新文献

Previous research showed that even imaginary forms of realistic and symbolic threats to the national group caused by the arrival of immigrants could trigger an authoritarian reaction in the host country. However, as it was evidenced that many Europeans have a negative image of Muslims, the authoritarian reaction may have resulted from the fact that the threatening immigrant group came from Muslim countries. The reported study examined whether a similar reaction would occur if the immigrant-origin group was not stereotypically perceived as threatening (the receiving country was Poland). For this purpose, an experimental study (N = 460) was conducted, in which the threat from Muslim immigrants was contrasted with the threat from the neighbouring Christian Orthodox countries. In the reported study, authoritarian reaction occurred with similar strength for both compared immigrant groups. This suggests the authoritarian reaction to the threat from immigrants is a phenomenon independent of the immigrants' origin.

In China, the Three-Child Policy has increased the proportion of adolescents with more siblings, offering a context to test resource dilution theory where parental resources per child decline as sibling number grows, potentially affecting mental health. Existing studies link larger sibling counts to higher adolescent depressive symptoms, but rely on scale total scores, ignoring that symptoms vary in impact. This approach masks specific symptom dimensions, hindering identification of high-risk domains. To address this, we compared depressive symptom networks in 1179 Chinese adolescents (no siblings vs. ≥ 1 sibling) using the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale through network analysis. Core findings showed unhappiness and sadness were central symptoms in both groups, but key differences emerged: adolescents with no siblings emphasised hopelessness and feeling disliked, while those with siblings prioritised depressed mood and perceived life failure. Despite similar network structures, sibship size influenced symptomatic profiles, suggesting interventions for clinical depression in Chinese adolescents may need tailoring based on the number of siblings to target unique high-risk symptoms.

In three studies conducted in the United States (n = 598), Poland (n = 1000) and Chile (n = 311), we measured participants' Identification With All Humanity and their endorsement of Universalist and Benevolent values as defined by Schwartz and colleagues. In all three studies, when IWAH scores were regressed onto values scores, IWAH scores were significantly (positively) related to the endorsement of Universalism values and were not significantly related to the endorsement of Benevolence values. With one exception, this was also true for the subscales of the two measures of values. The present results confirm a recent model of prosociality that distinguishes ideological and interpersonal prosociality. Although Universalism and Benevolence are both prosocial values, they refer to different domains of prosociality, ideological and interpersonal respectively, and IWAH is related to the former but not to the latter.

Status, distinct from socioeconomic status and power, refers to the prestige and admiration an individual receives from others based on that individual's traits and performance. Existing research has emphasised the distinctions between status and other social hierarchies but has paid less attention to its effects on interactive behaviour, particularly cooperation. This research systematically investigated how status shaped cooperative behaviour in public goods games, uncovering its underlying mechanism and boundary conditions. Study 1 used the story recall method to manipulate status and found that status facilitated cooperative behaviour by enhancing perspective-taking. Study 2 provided robust causal evidence for perspective-taking as the mediating mechanism through a manipulation-of-mediation-as-a-moderator design. Study 3 used a role-playing method to manipulate status and introduced power as a moderator, revealing that only under low power conditions did high status enhance perspective-taking, thus promoting cooperative behaviour. A supplemental study further indicated that high-status individuals' heightened perspective-taking and cooperative behaviour were primarily driven by strategic self-enhancement motivation. These findings illuminate the distinct pathways through which status fosters cooperation, contingent upon the level of power held.

Reminiscent of person perception research involving central traits or the “horns”/negative halo effect, we tested the “evil through-and-through” (ETT) hypothesis—that is, that cues alluding to someone's “evil” thoughts lead to the presumed predominance of antisocial behaviours and to disallowance or adverse construal of ostensibly prosocial or mundane behaviours. Canadian undergraduates (N = 189) rated how likely one of six targets (three “evil” and three “not evil”) had recently engaged in mildly antisocial, prosocial and morally neutral behaviours. Relative to “not evil” targets, participants assumed that “evil” targets engaged in more antisocial and mobility-related behaviours and fewer prosocial and self-care behaviours. Moreover, participants were more likely to attribute evil targets' action or inaction across all these domains to “bad” reasons (e.g., character flaws, preoccupation, pretence). In short, the “evil” are othered, and there appears to be little they can do (or not do) to shift this perception.

Social anxiety refers to excessive fear of social situations and is then accompanied by social avoidance behaviours. While the neural mechanisms of social anxiety disorder in clinical populations have been widely investigated, the functional connectivity underlying social anxiety in the nonclinical population remains poorly understood. The present study addressed this gap by employing connectome-based predictive modelling (CPM) to identify resting-state functional connectivity associated with social anxiety in healthy college students. Our findings revealed a social anxiety connectome that contributed to predicting individuals' social anxiety, which mainly includes the connections within the default mode network (DMN) (i.e., positive network) and those between the frontal parietal network (FPN) and visual network (i.e., negative network). Importantly, the robustness and specificity of this connectome were validated by using different brain atlases and cross-validation schemes and controlling for the influence of general anxiety. Moreover, two sub-dimensions of social anxiety, i.e., social distress and social avoidance, showed distinct neural correlates, with social distress correlated with the positive network and social avoidance with the negative network. Together, these findings provide novel insights into the neural basis of social anxiety in nonclinical populations, highlighting specific functional connectivity associated with different facets of social anxiety.

Although workplace incivility (WI) has been extensively studied, limited attention has been paid to its validation in culturally diverse contexts such as China and Pakistan. Addressing this gap, the present study examines the psychometric properties of the instigated WI scale within these two distinct cultural settings. Furthermore, it investigates the cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the scale using a daily diary methodology. Participants were full-time employees from service-sector organisations in China (n = 110) and Pakistan (n = 118), recruited through snowball sampling. Over 10 days, 758 daily observations were collected from Chinese employees and 836 from Pakistani employees. The findings provide evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the scale in both samples, affirming the conceptual transferability of WI across these cultural contexts. The study also highlights the importance of accounting for cultural nuances in the manifestation and assessment of incivility. Establishing the scale's validity and equivalence contributes critical methodological groundwork for future cross-cultural research on workplace mistreatment.