International Journal of Psychology最新文献

Albert Bandura, one of the most influential psychologists, passed away on 26 July 2021. His scientific merits have been acknowledged across various domains of inquiry, thereby attesting to his relevance for understanding people's agentic role in shaping and improving their life. The purpose of this special issue was to honour Bandura's contribution to psychological science through a collection of articles from several researchers around the globe whose scientific interests are rooted in Bandura's theoretical conceptualisations, ranging from self-efficacy beliefs to moral disengagement.

Repeated execution of a prospective memory (PM) task that has already been completed is known as a commission error of the PM. Due to defects in attentional impulsiveness and motor impulsiveness, impulsive individuals may differ from non-impulsive individuals when making PM commission errors. This study explored the effect of impulsivity traits on PM commission errors under different ongoing task difficulties (Experiment 1) and different response conveniences (Experiment 2). The results of Experiment 1 showed that the impulsive group had more PM commission errors than the non-impulsive group under both the low-difficulty condition and the high-difficulty condition, indicating that the effect of impulsivity traits on PM commission errors is not affected by the difficulty of ongoing tasks. However, the results of Experiment 2 showed that the impulsive group only had more PM commission errors than the non-impulsive group under the convenient response condition, indicating that the effect of impulsivity traits on PM commission errors is affected by the response convenience.

In this study, the associations between positivity and positive affect were examined at five time points between January 2020 and September 2021, a period of turmoil associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from 1401 students (73.45% women) attending an online university in Spain, commencing at the outbreak of the pandemic and then at four different time points up to the time it was considered to have been controlled. The results of a cross-lagged panel model revealed that participants who maintained higher general positivity were also those who reported more intense overall positive affect. At the same time, above-average positive affect predicted higher-than-usual levels of positivity. By pointing to the reciprocal relationships between positivity and positive affect, the results corroborate and go beyond previous findings by highlighting a virtuous cycle in which positivity and positive affect reciprocally influence each other over time. These data are in accordance with a dynamic view of how self-focused, positive evaluative dispositions and chronic positive affective states operate in concert to enhance adaptation and well-being. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Appreciative joy is one of four immeasurables emphasised in Buddhism. There are similarities and differences between appreciative joy and gratitude, but their combined roles in improving subjective well-being (SWB) are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between appreciative joy and gratitude and their contribution to SWB. Study 1 utilised a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the relationships among appreciative joy, gratitude, and SWB. Study 2 used a randomised controlled trial to explore the effects of a four-week appreciative joy meditation (AJM) training and the underlying mechanisms. The results of Study 1 indicated a moderate positive correlation between appreciative joy and gratitude, and gratitude partially mediated the appreciative joy–SWB relationship. Study 2 further supported the idea that AJM training could increase appreciative joy and gratitude at the one-month follow-up. Furthermore, changes in gratitude caused by the intervention were mediated by appreciative joy. However, since SWB significantly improved at post-measures, we cannot conclude that appreciative joy and gratitude mediated the intervention effect on SWB. Our findings expand the underlying mechanisms of appreciative joy beyond interpersonal domains and highlight the importance of gratitude in understanding the effects of the Buddhist four immeasurable meditations.

As students progress through university, they are simultaneously preparing for their professional lives alongside their academic learning. The transition from university studies to the labour market is a process that begins in education and continues after graduation until graduates have adapted to their working roles. Preparing to work requires that students conclude their studies and face several challenges posed by job searching and adaptation to the role of a worker. Previous research indicates that self-efficacy may contribute to success in academic performance and positive work-related outcomes after graduation. Using a three-wave longitudinal design, this study explores the academic and transition-to-work self-efficacy developmental trajectories of university students. Multivariate latent growth analysis was conducted on two cohorts of 204 and 261 undergraduates, respectively. The results indicate that academic and transition-to-work self-efficacy increased over time in both cohorts. Additionally, initial academic self-efficacy and its change positively predicted the initial transition-to-work self-efficacy and its change, respectively. This study contributes to the understanding of the interconnectedness between academic and transition-to-work self-efficacy trajectories. Implications for practice, limitations and future research are also discussed.

Previous studies have overlooked organisational inequalities and their influence on employee task performance. Anchored in equity theory, we address this gap by examining how promotion and compensation inequalities relate to employee task performance. Further, this study examines the myth of meritocracy as an underlying mechanism and overall perceived distributive justice as a boundary condition. Data were gathered from 471 employees and 39 supervisors. The findings reveal that promotion and compensation inequalities negatively impact employees' task performance. Moreover, the study proposes that the myth of meritocracy acts as a mediator in the relationship between promotion and compensation inequalities and employees' task performance. In addition, overall perceived distributive justice moderates the relationship between promotion, compensation inequalities and the myth of meritocracy and indirectly affects employee task performance through the mediating role of the myth of meritocracy. The study extends the literature on organisational inequalities and task performance and also offers practical insights for organisations for interventions to tackle the issues of organisational inequalities.

Despite 75% of people who experience a first episode of psychosis (FEP) reaching clinical remission, this population continue to face lower rates of vocational recovery. This review aimed to identify the factors which help and hinder individuals' employment and post-secondary education engagement post-FEP. Three electronic databases (Psych INFO, Medline and Social Science Database) were searched up to 21st August 2023. Primary research on employment/education status or engagement within FEP populations ages 18–40 were included. A narrative synthesis was applied to the findings. Of the 10,575 articles screened, 18 were included in the final review. Younger age, non-affective psychotic diagnoses and stigma were identified as common barriers to engagement. Ceasing substance use and having family/financial support were reported as facilitators. Conflicting findings were reported as to the impact of positive and negative symptoms. The range of factors emerging from this review highlight several potential barriers and facilitators for individuals seeking employment or further education opportunities post-FEP. This underlines the need for further research into how and why they influence employment and educational outcomes, with a view to improving treatment outcomes by incorporating these factors into care planning.