International Journal of Psychology最新文献

The aim of this study was to reexamine relationships between the Dark Triad traits and aspects of emotional functioning, such as emotional intelligence and empathy, as traits and abilities, by using a network analysis approach. The sample consisted of 359 Hungarians from Serbia. The results indicated that the optimal description of the network structure involved four communities: the Dark Triad traits, emotion recognition abilities as aspects of cognitive empathy, emotional intelligence traits and empathy and appraisal and expression of emotion in others as mainly traits of empathy focusing on others. Psychopathy and narcissism are central components connecting their Dark Triad community with emotional functioning communities. Psychopathy's main role stemmed from its negative relationship with emotional reactivity and recognising positive states, indicating emotional deficits in both trait and ability domains. On the other hand, narcissism had a positive relationship with the use of emotion to facilitate performance, but showed a negative relationship with recognising negative states, indicating a discrepancy between self-image and objective abilities. Machiavellianism showed weak relationships with emotional intelligence and empathy traits, but a non-significant one with the ability to recognise emotional states. Its strongest positive relationships were observed with cognitive empathy and the use of emotions to facilitate performance.

Emerging studies on climate change inaction predominantly focused on exploring its psychological roots. To extend this line of research, the present study was conducted to investigate whether, how and when economic inequality relates to climate change inaction taking into account subjective and objective economic inequality simultaneously. Utilising two large independent samples (Study 1: N = 1, 066; Study 2: N = 518), our research demonstrated causal links between higher subjective and objective economic inequality and increased climate change inaction. In societies with greater economic inequality, climate change inaction was more prevalent compared to those with lower economic inequality. Notably, these relations were mediated by climate change perception and moderated by climate change discussion and responsibility attribution, respectively. The findings advance existing research by identifying economic inequality as a novel antecedent of climate change inaction and further elucidating the underlying process and boundary condition. Additionally, these insights provide practical guidance for inaction-reduction in the context of climate change.

Previous research has found an increase in healthcare costs before psychotherapy, followed by a decrease thereafter—a pattern also observed in our sample. However, research on the patterns of change is still lacking. Healthcare quarterly cost patterns of change were examined in a field study of 1508 patients before and during outpatient psychotherapy. Several models assess the patterns of change of the entire sample and in subgroups of those undergoing prolonged psychiatric treatment versus the rest. An exponential pattern (increasing rate of change) had the best fit during the waiting period for the prolonged psychiatric treatment group. A linear pattern was selected for the rest. A logarithmic pattern (decreasing rate of change) best fits the prolonged pharmacotherapy group during therapy. A linear pattern was selected for the rest. The economic implication of the findings is that the prolonged psychiatric treatment group is expected to have the highest return on investment when the waiting period for treatment is shortened. This unique pattern of change may also be a marker of increasing distress in this group while waiting for treatment and the rapid effect that the start of psychotherapy has on this. Therefore this group should be the focus of attention.

This study examines the mathematics self-efficacy of 833 high school students from four Brazilian public schools. Using an exploratory cross-sectional design with a mixed-methods approach, students completed online instruments including a sociodemographic questionnaire, scales measuring various self-efficacy domains (mathematics, self-regulated learning, social and emotional) and open-ended questions about their perceived attributes in learning mathematics. Multiple regression analysis revealed that student characteristics and self-efficacy domains collectively explained 47.4% of the variance in mathematics self-efficacy. Qualitative analysis revealed the complex nature of mathematics self-efficacy, emphasising students' perceptions of their strengths and weaknesses in learning. The study underscores the significant influence of student characteristics and self-efficacy domains, highlighting the importance of mixed-methods approaches for deeper insights and guiding future educational interventions.

Previous studies have shown that anticipation induces stronger emotions than retrospection, a phenomenon known as temporal emotion asymmetry. However, prior research has been limited to Western contexts. Since Eastern populations often emphasise the past more than their Western counterparts, temporal emotion asymmetry may manifest differently. Therefore, we examined the temporal asymmetry of admiration and malicious envy among Chinese adolescents. We conducted five experiments: Actual events from a self-perspective (Experiment 1; N = 76), hypothetical events from a self-perspective (Experiment 2; N = 74), time travel from a self-perspective (Experiment 3; N = 96), forced-choice from a self-perspective (Experiment 4; N = 94) and forced-choice from an other-perspective (Experiment 5; N = 164). The results showed that admiration exhibited a past bias, with retrospection eliciting stronger admiration than anticipation. In contrast, malicious envy exhibited different patterns of temporal asymmetry. When the threat of future negative events was high, malicious envy exhibited a future bias; however, as this threat weakened, it shifted toward a past bias. These findings provide insights into the boundary effects of temporal emotion asymmetry. We recommend that, when fostering admiration in Chinese adolescents, greater emphasis should be placed on guiding them to recall others' accomplishments.

Albert Bandura, one of the most influential psychologists, passed away on 26 July 2021. His scientific merits have been acknowledged across various domains of inquiry, thereby attesting to his relevance for understanding people's agentic role in shaping and improving their life. The purpose of this special issue was to honour Bandura's contribution to psychological science through a collection of articles from several researchers around the globe whose scientific interests are rooted in Bandura's theoretical conceptualisations, ranging from self-efficacy beliefs to moral disengagement.

Repeated execution of a prospective memory (PM) task that has already been completed is known as a commission error of the PM. Due to defects in attentional impulsiveness and motor impulsiveness, impulsive individuals may differ from non-impulsive individuals when making PM commission errors. This study explored the effect of impulsivity traits on PM commission errors under different ongoing task difficulties (Experiment 1) and different response conveniences (Experiment 2). The results of Experiment 1 showed that the impulsive group had more PM commission errors than the non-impulsive group under both the low-difficulty condition and the high-difficulty condition, indicating that the effect of impulsivity traits on PM commission errors is not affected by the difficulty of ongoing tasks. However, the results of Experiment 2 showed that the impulsive group only had more PM commission errors than the non-impulsive group under the convenient response condition, indicating that the effect of impulsivity traits on PM commission errors is affected by the response convenience.

In this study, the associations between positivity and positive affect were examined at five time points between January 2020 and September 2021, a period of turmoil associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from 1401 students (73.45% women) attending an online university in Spain, commencing at the outbreak of the pandemic and then at four different time points up to the time it was considered to have been controlled. The results of a cross-lagged panel model revealed that participants who maintained higher general positivity were also those who reported more intense overall positive affect. At the same time, above-average positive affect predicted higher-than-usual levels of positivity. By pointing to the reciprocal relationships between positivity and positive affect, the results corroborate and go beyond previous findings by highlighting a virtuous cycle in which positivity and positive affect reciprocally influence each other over time. These data are in accordance with a dynamic view of how self-focused, positive evaluative dispositions and chronic positive affective states operate in concert to enhance adaptation and well-being. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.