International Journal of Psychology最新文献

This multi-wave longitudinal study among six research universities in Israel examines a potential mechanism by which COVID-19-related concerns in early phases are associated with students' academic achievements as the epidemic progressed. Based on Hobfoll Conservation of Resources Theory (COR), it examined the potential mediating role of loss of resources on the associations between COVID-19-related concerns and academic achievements. It further assessed whether social support moderates the potential mediation effect of resource loss on students' academic achievements. Participants included 564 higher-education students who completed the research questionnaire in the three measurement times: at Time 1 (September–October 2020), at time two that was conducted 7 months later, and at time three that was conducted 15–18 months after Time 1 (January–March 2022). The findings revealed that loss of resources served as a mediator; higher levels of COVID-19-related concerns at T1 were associated with a greater loss of resources at T2, and a greater loss of resources at T2 was linked with fewer academic achievements at T3. Moreover, social support moderated the mediation effect of loss of resources. In conclusion, the COR theoretical model plays a significant role in explaining the mechanism behind academic functioning in the context of the pandemic.

Children's gender socialisation begins from a young age and one socialisation context used to provide gender-based information is toy play. Adults play a key role in prescribing children's toys; however, the factors that motivate adults to consider toys as gender-typed for boys or girls require further investigation. We investigated predictors of gender-typing of children's toys by women and men, both parents and non-parents. In this study, 1200 adult participants (562 parents, 638 non-parents, 603 women, 597 men) reported their gender-typing of children's toys, gender essentialist beliefs, social role attitudes and retrospective experiences with toys as a child. Results revealed that parental experience, gender essentialist beliefs, gender role attitudes and retrospective toy experiences demonstrated reliable associations with both women's and men's tendency to gender-type children's toys.

This study aimed to investigate the dyadic association between romantically involved young couples' insecure attachment (attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and romantic relationship quality in the Chinese cultural context, with the moderating role of disintegration avoidance. We recruited 297 dyads of Chinese couples who were currently in heterosexual romantic relationships. The couples completed measures of their adult attachment orientation, disintegration avoidance, and romantic relationship quality. Cross-sectional actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) revealed the following results: (A) Actor effects existed. Women's insecure attachment (both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) was negatively associated with their own perceptions of romantic relationship quality, while men's attachment avoidance was negatively associated with their own relationship quality. (B) Partner effects of attachment avoidance existed for both genders. Chinese couples' attachment avoidance was negatively associated with their partners' perceptions of romantic relationship quality. (C) Significant moderating effects of men's disintegration avoidance existed between both men's and women's attachment avoidance and men's relationship quality, as well as men's attachment anxiety and women's relationship quality. The present study provided evidence on how insecure attachment hindered relationship quality and how disintegration avoidance moderated such associations through dyadic pathways in the Chinese context.

This study explored perceived stress (PS) and depression dynamics during the college transition, examining whether changes in PS predict subsequent changes in depression. A total of 971 Chinese college freshmen (M_age = 19.29, SD = 1.14) completed four measurements at 4-week intervals, analysed via multivariate latent growth modeling (LGM). Results showed PS decreased in the first month after enrollment then gradually increased, while depression declined linearly over 3 months. Females showed higher initial PS than males. Initial PS positively predicted initial depression and negatively predicted depression decreases. Furthermore, a PS decrease during the first month positively predicted a subsequent decrease in depression. Conversely, a PS increase during the following 2 months negatively predicted the decrease in depression. Interpersonal connection negatively predicted initial PS and depression but positively predicted later PS increases. Subjective social status negatively predicted initial PS yet positively predicted initial depression and early PS decline. Moreover, group cohesion positively predicted initial PS yet positively predicted its early reduction. These findings highlight associations between changes in PS and freshmen's depression trajectories, pinpoint a critical window for early intervention, and underscore the significance of stress reduction to mitigating initial rises in depression.

Positive outcomes that college students experience after drinking alcohol can motivate them to drink in the future. However, college students may respond to similar alcohol-related experiences differently according to genetic variability in their alcohol metabolism genes. This study investigated the effects of a cumulative genetic score (CGS) comprising alleles in ALDH2 rs671, ADH1B rs1229984 and ADH1C rs1693482 on relationships between positive drinking consequences and next-day drinking behaviours. The current study used daily diary assessments from 120 Korean college students (35% male, age range = 18–25) to examine the interactive effects of CGS and positive drinking consequences on alcohol quantity and frequency over 14 days. Multilevel modelling revealed that individuals with higher CGS drank more frequently and consumed a greater number of drinks the next day following positive drinking experiences. In contrast, individuals with lower CGS either did not drink or drank less the next day, even if they had positive drinking experiences on the previous day. Our findings indicate that the effects of positive drinking consequences on next-day drinking behaviours vary according to cumulative genetic risk across ALDH2, ADH1B and ADH1C. These findings may suggest a benefit to genotype-specific interventions for college students' alcohol consumption in response to positive drinking experiences.

Previous work has revealed that priming people with significant others increases feelings of security and energy, and in turn, boosts exploration motivations. In this preregistered study, we directly replicated Luke et al.'s (2012) Study 2 (N = 281). We found similar results as the replicated study regarding increased security feelings and exploration motivations on the self-report measures after the priming. However, we did not find any support for the increased energy feelings after the attachment security priming. In addition, contrary to Luke et al.'s (2012) results, energy feelings did not mediate the relationship between security priming and exploration motivations. A discussion of null findings, along with the limitations of self-reports and potential misinterpretation of the mediational analyses, follows. We also discuss possible future implications of the current findings.

Despite the growing prevalence of the intensive mothering ideology in China, little quantitative research has been conducted within the Chinese context. Utilising data from 449 Chinese mothers of preschoolers, the current study examined how intensive mothering attitudes, as well as whether their associations with maternal involvement in educational activities differed by social class. Results suggested that, compared to middle-class mothers, working-class mothers reported a stronger endorsement of intensive mothering in several aspects. Specifically, they believed more strongly in their inherent roles as mothers, the importance of cognitive stimulation and the child-centred parenting approach, and the challenges of mothering more than their middle-class counterparts. Mothers' endorsements of the importance of cognitive stimulation, the child-centred parenting approach, and the fulfilment in childrearing were positively related to their levels of home-based and school-based involvement. In addition, the association between mothers' recognition of the value of cognitive stimulation and home-based involvement was stronger for middle-class than working-class mothers. The findings highlight the impact of the intensive mothering ideology on maternal involvement and its variations by social class in contemporary China.