International Journal of Psychology最新文献

This study delves into the intricate relationship between morality and episodic forgiveness (i.e. emotional and decisional), guided by moral foundations theory. Survey data were collected from 927 English-speaking Canadians, aged 18–57, using the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, Decision to Forgive Scale, and Emotional Forgiveness Scale. Employing latent profile analysis, the research revealed three distinct moral foundation profiles—high moralists, individuators, and neutrals—each linked to different levels of decisional and emotional forgiveness. Further analysis using MANOVA and follow-up ANOVAs indicated that the high moralist group exhibited higher scores in both forgiveness dimensions compared to the individuator and neutral groups, whereas the individuator group reported higher emotional forgiveness than the neutrals. These findings illuminate the significance of moral development in forgiving and underscore the utility of moral profiling based on moral foundations theory in predicting episodic forgiveness.

In contemporary globalised societies, global awareness and identification, as well as local and regional identifications (other than national identity), may all become increasingly important for guiding people's sense of belonging and purpose and in turn their self-concept. As the world has become increasingly interconnected, people increasingly identify with various cultures and worldviews within both local and global contexts. Attempts to reconcile these multiple cultural identities can lead to a sense of cultural dissonance as people struggle to integrate these identities into a coherent sense of self. Accordingly, various levels/types of cultural identifications must be integrated to establish an adaptable and coherent sense of self. In two studies among participants from the United States (N = 754), we investigate how nested cultural identification at the state, national and global levels are associated with well-being indirectly through self-concept clarity and multiple cultural configurations. Results indicate that national identification is positively, and compartmentalisation negatively, associated with self-concept clarity and in turn with well-being. State and global cultural identifications were linked to multicultural identity integration and, indirectly, to components of well-being. Results are discussed regarding the globalised proliferation of cultural identifications and the associated challenge of maintaining a stable and coherent sense of self.

The aim of this study was to explore whether and how diverse categories of nature-related landscape images would influence the emotional dimensions of pleasure, arousal and dominance in the process of aesthetic appreciation, as well as to develop a new nature-related image system (NIS). A total of 575 high-quality images across six categories were selected and assessed by 197 students from the dimensions of aesthetic feeling (AF), pleasure, arousal and dominance. The results showed that different categories evoked varying levels of each dimension, and the impact of landscape categories on emotional experiences cannot be overlooked. Specially, flower landscape showed a clear experimental dissociation in terms of AF and pleasure compared to other categories, suggesting that flower images tend to evoke a positive emotional experience overall, regardless of AF level. Moreover, it also suggested that the effects of flowers on emotions could be considered independently from other categories in future research.

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent quarantine measures have disrupted people's normal pace of life and created excessive pressure. The current study examined the mitigating effect of search for meaning in life on individual depressive symptoms and the mediating role of optimism during COVID-19 lockdown period. A total of 462 participants (M_age = 37.42 years, SD = 13.15, 166 males) residing in Wuhan, China were recruited online at the beginning of April 2020 when the city was still under lockdown measures. Data were collected four times spanning from April to May 2020, with an interval of roughly 2 weeks in between. The results indicated that search for meaning and optimism was positively correlated with each other concurrently, and both of them were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. Specifically, search for meaning at T1 could positively predict optimism at T2, which in turn negatively predicted depressive symptoms at T3, suggesting that optimism acted as the mediator for the buffering effects of search for meaning on one's depressive symptoms. Results highlighted the protective role of search for meaning for individual psychological adjustment under such adverse situation as COVID-19 epidemic, and provided practical implications for people to deal with stressful period like quarantine.

Bayesian statistics has gained substantial popularity in the social sciences, particularly in psychology. Despite its growing prominence in the psychological literature, many researchers remain unacquainted with Bayesian methods and their advantages. This tutorial addresses the needs of curious applied psychology researchers and introduces Bayesian analysis as an accessible and powerful tool. We begin by comparing Bayesian and frequentist approaches, redefining fundamental terms from both perspectives with practical illustrations. Our exploration of Bayesian statistics includes Bayes's Theorem, likelihood, prior and posterior distributions, various prior types, and Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, supplemented by graphical aids for clarity. To bridge theory and practice, we employ a psychological research example with real, open data. We analyse the data using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches, providing R code and comprehensive supporting information, and emphasising best practices for interpretation and reporting. We discuss and demonstrate how to interpret parameter estimates and credible intervals, among other essential topics. Throughout, we maintain an accessible and user-friendly language, focusing on practical implications, intuitive examples, and actionable recommendations.

Multiple instances of rebranding of corporations or sports teams, or changes of personal names suggest that imposed change of symbols that people identify with leads to resistance towards the symbol change. In this paper, we examine the predictive role of sacred values, identity fusion, identification and essentialism in explaining such resistance, in a unique political context of a national referendum to change Macedonia to North Macedonia. Participants (ethnic Macedonians, N = 301) took a survey measuring these variables, along with their voting intentions and behaviour, 1 week prior to a national referendum on the name change, and again several weeks later. The results indicated that while all variables predicted negative attitudes towards the name change, only considering the name a sacred value and, to a lesser extent, being identified with the country, uniquely predicted this outcome, and only sacred values uniquely predicted voting behaviour. A large proportion of the participants were fully fused with the name “Macedonia,” which may have limited its predictive value. A cross-lagged analysis suggested a potential causal path from national identification to viewing the name as sacred, essentializing it and becoming fused with it. This study is the first to examine the psychological mechanisms that drive resistance to symbol change.