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Perceptual training with implicit and explicit learning improves the prediction of ball direction in soccer penalty kicks 通过内隐和外显学习进行感知训练可提高对足球点球中球方向的预测能力。
IF 3.3 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13245
Bruno Secco Faquin, Luis Augusto Teixeira, Cristiane Regina Coelho Candido, Rafael Lucien Bahr Arias, Victor Hugo Alves Okazaki

Perceptual training enhances the ability to anticipate crucial information for decision-making, for example, a soccer goalkeeper predicting penalty kick direction. However, it remains unclear whether perceptual practice alone (implicit method) is sufficient for optimal decision-making improvement, or whether emphasising pertinent details during practice (explicit method) could yield better results. This study compared implicit and explicit methods of learning ball direction prediction during soccer penalties, involving both goalkeepers and non-soccer players (novices). Participants engaged in a single training session, either through the explicit method (watching videos highlighting relevant information) or implicit method (watching regular videos). Specialised software was used to display penalty kick videos, mimicking the goalkeeper's viewpoint up to 200 ms before ball contact, and measuring reaction time and response choice. Both implicit and explicit training led to consistent performance gains for goalkeepers and novices alike, notably enhancing ball direction prediction accuracy. Reaction time was unaffected by training. This suggests that both explicit and implicit training methods exhibit similar effectiveness, applicable to soccer goalkeepers and novices.

感知训练可提高预测决策关键信息的能力,例如足球守门员预测点球方向的能力。然而,目前还不清楚仅靠知觉练习(内隐式方法)是否足以达到最佳的决策改进效果,或者在练习中强调相关细节(外显式方法)是否能产生更好的效果。本研究比较了学习足球点球时球方向预测的内隐和外显方法,参与者包括守门员和非足球运动员(新手)。参与者通过显性方法(观看突出显示相关信息的视频)或隐性方法(观看常规视频)进行了单次训练。专门的软件用于显示罚球视频,模仿守门员在球接触前 200 毫秒的视角,并测量反应时间和反应选择。无论是隐性训练还是显性训练,守门员和新手的表现都得到了一致的提高,尤其是提高了预测球方向的准确性。反应时间则不受训练影响。这表明,显性和隐性训练方法具有相似的效果,适用于足球守门员和新手。
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引用次数: 0
A primer on method effects on observed correlations with examples 举例说明方法对观测相关性的影响
IF 3.3 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13241
Charles E. Lance

I use a path/confirmatory factor analytic framework to present an under-the-hood introduction to (a) the effects of measurement error and method variance on observed measures, (b) the effects of common latent Trait and Method factors on relationships between observed measures in the presence of measurement error and (c) examine implications of developments presented here for the possible reinterpretation of Campbell and Fiske's original criteria for convergent and discrimainat validity and presence of common method bias. I use results from one previously published and often-cited primary study and four meta-analyses of multitrait–multimethod studies to provide empirical examples to illustrate points made here. I show analytically that (a) some common interpretations of method effects are correct, (b) others are incorrect and (c) still others are more nuanced than is usually recognised. Finally, I offer some suggested directions for future research.

我使用路径/证实性因素分析框架来介绍以下内容:(a) 测量误差和方法方差对观察测量结果的影响;(b) 在存在测量误差的情况下,共同的潜在特质和方法因素对观察测量结果之间关系的影响;(c) 研究本文提出的发展对重新解释坎贝尔和费斯克最初的收敛效度和判别效度标准以及共同方法偏差的影响。我利用以前发表并经常被引用的一项主要研究结果和四项多特征-多方法研究的元分析结果,提供实证例子来说明本文提出的观点。我通过分析表明:(a) 对方法效应的一些常见解释是正确的,(b) 另一些解释是不正确的,(c) 还有一些解释比人们通常认识到的更为细微。最后,我提出了一些未来研究的方向。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond borders: The moderating role of cultural religiosity in the relationship between moral circle and generosity 超越国界:文化宗教性在道德圈与慷慨之间关系中的调节作用
IF 3.3 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13233
Wang Zheng, Juzhe Xi

Research has indicated a link between the moral circle and an individual's prosocial behaviour. However, it remains uncertain whether this relationship holds across a broader range of countries and is influenced by sociocultural contexts. Drawing from an international dataset encompassing 49,540 participants from 57 countries, this study examined the impact of the moral circle on an individual's generosity and the moderating role of cultural religiosity. The results revealed a significant positive association between moral circle and generosity in a cross-national context. Notably, in religious cultures, the connection between the moral circle and generosity was found to be weaker. Three robustness checks further affirmed that these findings are robust. The research confirmed a positive relationship between the moral circle and generosity in a multinational context but also highlighted the moderating role of cultural religiosity. This finding suggested that future research should further investigate how cultural and religious frameworks influence ethical behaviour.

研究表明,道德圈与个人的亲社会行为之间存在联系。然而,这种关系在更广泛的国家中是否成立以及是否受到社会文化背景的影响,目前仍不确定。本研究利用来自 57 个国家的 49,540 名参与者的国际数据集,考察了道德圈对个人慷慨行为的影响以及文化宗教性的调节作用。研究结果表明,在跨国背景下,道德圈与慷慨之间存在显著的正相关关系。值得注意的是,在宗教文化中,道德圈与慷慨之间的联系较弱。三次稳健性检验进一步证实了这些发现的稳健性。研究证实,在跨国背景下,道德圈与慷慨之间存在正相关关系,但也强调了文化宗教性的调节作用。这一发现表明,未来的研究应进一步探讨文化和宗教框架如何影响道德行为。
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引用次数: 0
The associations between self-construal, emotional expressivity and acculturation among Arab immigrants 阿拉伯移民的自我概念、情绪表达能力和文化适应之间的关联。
IF 3.3 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13239
Jasper Van Assche, Azzam Amin, Hisham M. Abu-Rayya

This contribution investigates differences in self-construal and emotional expressivity among Arab immigrants and non-immigrants. Furthermore, it examines the role of acculturation styles and perceived emotional acculturation in predicting these outcomes among Arab immigrants. Using a sample of 1249 self-identified Arabs (629 immigrants in Western Europe and North America; 620 non-immigrant Arabs in the Mashriq and Maghrib regions), we found that collectivist self-construal was significantly lower, and positive emotional expressivity was significantly higher among immigrant, than non-immigrant, Arabs. High home country acculturation (also in combination with high host country acculturation) was the strongest predictor of collectivist self-construal. Immigrants' perception of the positive emotional expressivity of people in their host culture was the strongest predictor of their personal positive emotional expressivity. These results were replicated using the Euclidean distance method to measure acculturation. Hence, the study provides valuable insights into the relationships between self-construal, emotional expressivity and acculturation styles, specifically among Arab immigrants.

这篇论文研究了阿拉伯移民和非移民在自我概念和情感表达方面的差异。此外,它还研究了文化适应风格和感知的情感文化适应在预测阿拉伯移民这些结果中的作用。通过对 1249 名自我认同的阿拉伯人(629 名西欧和北美的移民;620 名马什里克和马格里布地区的非移民阿拉伯人)进行抽样调查,我们发现移民阿拉伯人的集体主义自我建构明显低于非移民阿拉伯人,而积极的情感表达能力明显高于非移民阿拉伯人。母国文化适应度高(也与东道国文化适应度高相结合)是集体主义自我建构的最强预测因素。移民对东道国文化中人的积极情绪表达能力的感知是其个人积极情绪表达能力的最强预测因子。使用欧氏距离法测量文化适应度时,这些结果也得到了验证。因此,这项研究为了解自我概念、情绪表达能力和文化适应风格之间的关系,特别是阿拉伯移民之间的关系,提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Charting a path to health: The empowering influence of self-efficacy for the self-management of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents 规划健康之路:自我效能对儿童和青少年自我管理 1 型糖尿病的影响。
IF 3.3 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13240
Carmen Tabernero, Ángel Rebollo-Román, Joaquín Villaécija-Rodríguez, Bárbara Luque

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents requires a lifelong commitment to disease control, which involves insulin treatment and constant blood glucose monitoring. Framed by Albert Bandura's self-efficacy theory, we focused on analysing the impact of domain-specific self-efficacy for T1D control in children and adolescents and its relationship with different indicators of glycaemic control over time. The study included 205 participants (56.1% male), including 51.7% children and 48.3% adolescents aged 6–18 (M = 13.27, SD = 3.66) years in four longitudinal phases (6 months between phases). The results revealed that higher self-efficacy predicted better health outcomes, with more time spent actively monitoring glucose and more time in the target range. The positive effect of self-efficacy was observed to be maintained over time. This study underscores the importance of taking into account the developmental timing in the onset of T1D. There was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and glucose indicators in adolescents. Although their glucose indicators were worse, self-efficacy became more relevant as they moved from parental management to the self-management of T1D. Implications of the results show the positive effect of self-efficacy on health per glucose indicators, thus suggesting interventions that promote self-efficacy in this population.

儿童和青少年 1 型糖尿病(T1D)患者需要终生致力于疾病控制,其中包括胰岛素治疗和持续的血糖监测。以阿尔伯特-班杜拉的自我效能理论为框架,我们重点分析了特定领域的自我效能对儿童和青少年控制 T1D 的影响及其与不同血糖控制指标之间的关系。这项研究包括 205 名参与者(56.1% 为男性),其中 51.7% 为儿童,48.3% 为青少年,年龄在 6-18 岁之间(中位数 = 13.27,标准差 = 3.66),共分四个纵向阶段(阶段之间间隔 6 个月)。结果显示,自我效能感越高,健康状况越好,主动监测血糖的时间越长,处于目标范围内的时间越长。据观察,自我效能感的积极影响会随着时间的推移而持续。这项研究强调了考虑 T1D 发病时间的重要性。青少年的自我效能感与血糖指标之间存在明显的关系。虽然他们的血糖指标较差,但当他们从父母管理转向自我管理 T1D 时,自我效能感变得更加重要。研究结果表明,自我效能感对血糖健康指标有积极影响,因此建议对这一人群采取干预措施,提高他们的自我效能感。
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引用次数: 0
How mindfulness, decentering, nonattachment and rumination interact with the temporal associations between emotions and thoughts: An experience sampling study 正念、去中心化、不执着和反刍如何与情绪和想法之间的时间关联相互作用:经验取样研究
IF 3.3 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13236
Giulia Fuochi, Alberto Voci

The way emotions and thoughts affect each other in daily life deeply impacts an individual's well-being. This experience sampling study (N = 132, 24 random-schedule signals in 6 days) aimed to (a) test the bidirectionality of within-person concurrent (simultaneous) and prospective (from time t-1 to time t) associations between real-life emotions and thoughts; (b) explore the moderator roles of dispositions involving the ability to take an aware and detached perspective on inner experience (i.e., mindfulness, decentering, nonattachment and low rumination) in the abovementioned associations. Multilevel within-person and multilevel lagged models assessed concurrent and prospective links, respectively. Emotions and thoughts showed concurrent associations, and prospective associations only between same-valence emotions and thoughts. Low rumination and decentering strengthened the—respectively—simultaneous and prospective relationship between positive thoughts and positive emotions; decentering, nonattachment and low rumination suppressed the positive association between lagged negative emotions and present negative thoughts. Decentering also nullified the negative concurrent link between positive thoughts and negative emotions. Mindfulness and nonattachment strengthened the concurrent negative link between negative thoughts and positive emotions. Dispositions involving a detached perspective on inner experience improve individual abilities to deal with negative emotions and promote upward spirals between positive emotions and thoughts.

在日常生活中,情绪和思想相互影响的方式深深地影响着个人的幸福感。这项经验取样研究(N = 132,6 天内 24 个随机安排的信号)旨在:(a)测试现实生活中情绪和想法之间的人内并发(同时)和前瞻性(从时间 t-1 到时间 t)关联的双向性;(b)探索在上述关联中,以觉察和超脱的视角看待内心体验的能力(即正念、去中心化、不依恋和低反刍)所起的调节作用。多层次人内模型和多层次滞后模型分别评估了并发联系和前瞻联系。情绪和想法表现出并发联系,而前瞻性联系仅表现在同值情绪和想法之间。低反刍和去中心化加强了积极想法和积极情绪之间的同期和前瞻性关系;去中心化、不依恋和低反刍抑制了滞后消极情绪和当前消极想法之间的正相关。去中心化也消除了积极想法与消极情绪之间的消极并发联系。正念和不依恋则加强了消极想法和积极情绪之间同时存在的消极联系。以超脱的视角看待内心体验的处置方式提高了个人处理消极情绪的能力,并促进了积极情绪和想法之间的螺旋式上升。
{"title":"How mindfulness, decentering, nonattachment and rumination interact with the temporal associations between emotions and thoughts: An experience sampling study","authors":"Giulia Fuochi,&nbsp;Alberto Voci","doi":"10.1002/ijop.13236","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ijop.13236","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The way emotions and thoughts affect each other in daily life deeply impacts an individual's well-being. This experience sampling study (<i>N</i> = 132, 24 random-schedule signals in 6 days) aimed to (a) test the bidirectionality of within-person concurrent (simultaneous) and prospective (from time <i>t</i>-1 to time <i>t</i>) associations between real-life emotions and thoughts; (b) explore the moderator roles of dispositions involving the ability to take an aware and detached perspective on inner experience (i.e., mindfulness, decentering, nonattachment and low rumination) in the abovementioned associations. Multilevel within-person and multilevel lagged models assessed concurrent and prospective links, respectively. Emotions and thoughts showed concurrent associations, and prospective associations only between same-valence emotions and thoughts. Low rumination and decentering strengthened the—respectively—simultaneous and prospective relationship between positive thoughts and positive emotions; decentering, nonattachment and low rumination suppressed the positive association between lagged negative emotions and present negative thoughts. Decentering also nullified the negative concurrent link between positive thoughts and negative emotions. Mindfulness and nonattachment strengthened the concurrent negative link between negative thoughts and positive emotions. Dispositions involving a detached perspective on inner experience improve individual abilities to deal with negative emotions and promote upward spirals between positive emotions and thoughts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48146,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychology","volume":"59 6","pages":"1111-1120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijop.13236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Personal value preferences, multifaceted job satisfaction and burnout in Israeli high-tech 以色列高科技企业的个人价值偏好、多方面工作满意度和职业倦怠。
IF 3.3 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13237
Eugene Tartakovsky, Philippe Orange

This study investigates connections between personal value preferences, satisfaction with different facets of the job and burnout among high-tech workers. The study's sample included 175 individuals (43% females) working in the high-tech industry in Israel. A high level of satisfaction with work content was associated with low burnout and high professional accomplishment, and satisfaction with coworkers was associated with low burnout. Satisfaction with supervisor, salary and promotion opportunities did not affect high-tech workers' burnout and professional accomplishment. A high preference for achievement values was associated with high professional accomplishment. A high preference for power values was associated with low satisfaction with all job facets. In addition, power values increased burnout indirectly by reducing satisfaction with work content and coworkers. Power values also decreased personal accomplishment indirectly by reducing satisfaction with work content. A high preference for self-direction values was associated with high satisfaction with salary and promotion opportunities. Finally, high preferences for achievement and universalism values were associated with high satisfaction with promotion opportunities. The theoretical and practical implications of the obtained results are discussed.

本研究调查了高科技工作者的个人价值偏好、对工作不同方面的满意度和职业倦怠之间的联系。研究样本包括 175 名在以色列高科技行业工作的人员(43% 为女性)。对工作内容的高满意度与低职业倦怠和高职业成就感相关,而对同事的满意度与低职业倦怠相关。对上司、薪酬和晋升机会的满意度并不影响高科技工作者的职业倦怠和职业成就感。对成就价值观的高偏好与高职业成就感有关。对权力价值观的高偏好与对所有工作方面的低满意度有关。此外,权力价值观会降低对工作内容和同事的满意度,从而间接增加职业倦怠。权力价值观也会降低对工作内容的满意度,从而间接降低个人成就感。对自我导向价值观的高偏好与对薪酬和晋升机会的高满意度相关。最后,对成就和普遍主义价值观的高偏好与对晋升机会的高满意度相关。本文讨论了所得结果的理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of emotional states on incongruity-resolution and nonsense humour processing 情绪状态对不和谐分辨和无厘头幽默处理的影响。
IF 3.3 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13235
Roy Soh, Ching-Lin Wu, Ping-Hsun Tsai, Hsueh-Chih Chen

Humour processing is complex and may be influenced by an individual's emotional state. This study explores the differences in incongruity-resolution and nonsense joke humour processing between three groups with different emotional states (positive, neutral and negative). Each group consisted of 32 participants. The positive and negative emotion groups were asked to elicit positive and negative emotions, respectively, through autobiographical recall. In contrast, the neutral emotion group was asked to answer questions unrelated to emotions. Participants were also asked to rate their emotional valence, arousal and conformity with the provided emotion words. Subsequently, they were directed to rate their humour appreciation, humour comprehension and level of surprise at the jokes. The results indicate that these variables interacted with the level of amusement derived from the two humour types. The positive emotion group perceived nonsense jokes as funnier than the negative emotion group, while the negative emotion group perceived nonsense jokes as less amusing than incongruity-resolution jokes. No significant difference was found between the three emotion groups in terms of humour comprehension and surprise at the jokes. The results deepen the understanding of the correlation between emotional states and processing of different humour types.

幽默处理是一个复杂的过程,可能会受到个人情绪状态的影响。本研究探讨了三组不同情绪状态(积极、中性和消极)的人在解决不和谐和无厘头笑话幽默处理方面的差异。每个小组由 32 名参与者组成。积极情绪组和消极情绪组分别被要求通过自传回忆来激发积极情绪和消极情绪。而中性情绪组则被要求回答与情绪无关的问题。此外,还要求受试者对自己的情绪价值、唤醒程度和与所提供情绪词的一致性进行评分。随后,他们还要对自己的幽默鉴赏力、幽默理解力和对笑话的惊讶程度进行评分。结果表明,这些变量与从两种幽默类型中获得的娱乐程度相互影响。积极情绪组认为无厘头笑话比消极情绪组有趣,而消极情绪组则认为无厘头笑话不如不和谐笑话有趣。在幽默理解能力和对笑话的惊讶程度方面,三个情绪组之间没有发现明显差异。这些结果加深了人们对情绪状态与处理不同幽默类型之间相关性的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Social anxiety, voice confrontation and voice recognition: A bilingual exploration 社交焦虑、语音对抗和语音识别:双语探索
IF 3.3 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13234
Jigar Jogia, Justin Thomas, Mariapaola Barbato, Richard Bentall

Many people dislike the sound of their voices, especially when listening back to audio recordings (voice confrontation). Previous research reports that disliking the sound of one's voice is associated with elevated levels of social anxiety. The present study investigated the relationship between social anxiety and voice dislike and voice misrecognition among a bilingual population: Arabic (L1) and English (L2). Participants (N = 176) completed self-report measures of social anxiety and own voice liking. Additionally, they performed a novel own voice recognition task, assessing their ability to recognise a recording of their voice, differentiating it from digitally altered versions of the same recording. Social anxiety symptomatology was associated with disliking the sound of one's voice, with a larger effect for L1 than L2. Social anxiety was also associated with own voice misrecognition, but only for L1. Highly negative evaluations about the sound of one's voice may represent a vulnerability for social anxiety disorder.

很多人都不喜欢自己的声音,尤其是在回听录音时(声音对抗)。以往的研究报告表明,不喜欢自己的声音与社交焦虑水平升高有关。本研究调查了双语人群中社交焦虑与不喜欢声音和声音错误识别之间的关系:阿拉伯语(第一语言)和英语(第二语言)。参与者(N = 176)完成了社交焦虑和喜欢自己声音的自我报告测量。此外,他们还完成了一项新颖的自己声音识别任务,评估他们识别自己声音录音的能力,并将其与经过数字修改的同一录音版本区分开来。社交焦虑症状与不喜欢自己的声音有关,对 L1 的影响大于 L2。社交焦虑也与自己的声音识别错误有关,但仅针对 L1。对自己声音的高度负面评价可能代表了社交焦虑症的易感性。
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引用次数: 0
A scoping review about the portrayal of depression and anxiety in mainstream and social media 关于主流媒体和社交媒体对抑郁症和焦虑症的描述的范围综述。
IF 3.3 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13232
Gloria Mittmann, Beate Schrank, Verena Steiner-Hofbauer

Media portrayal of mental disorders has a significant impact on awareness and stigma. Given the high prevalence of depression and anxiety as mental disorders, it is crucial to understand how they are represented. This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature on the portrayal of depression and anxiety in mainstream and social media. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed and PsychInfo, resulting in the inclusion of 20 records that predominantly examined social media and newspapers. Findings indicate that social media discussions on depression were mostly supportive and non-stigmatising. Public figures and role models played a significant role in encouraging open communication. Research on newspapers and other media forms yielded mixed results yet leaning towards positive portrayals. Limited studies explored anxiety portrayal. While acknowledging potential limitations in generalisability, this review emphasises the importance of accurately depicting mental health in media, particularly on social media platforms, while highlighting the need for broader investigations into anxiety representation.

媒体对精神障碍的描述对人们的认识和耻辱感有着重大影响。鉴于抑郁症和焦虑症作为精神障碍的高发病率,了解其表现形式至关重要。本范围界定综述旨在对主流媒体和社交媒体中有关抑郁症和焦虑症描述的现有文献进行梳理。我们在 PubMed 和 PsychInfo 上进行了全面搜索,共收录了 20 条主要研究社交媒体和报纸的记录。研究结果表明,社交媒体上关于抑郁症的讨论大多是支持性的,没有污名化。公众人物和榜样在鼓励公开交流方面发挥了重要作用。对报纸和其他媒体形式的研究结果不一,但倾向于正面描述。探讨焦虑形象的研究有限。本综述承认在普遍性方面存在潜在的局限性,但同时也强调了在媒体中,尤其是在社交媒体平台上准确描述心理健康的重要性,同时也强调了对焦虑表现进行更广泛调查的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Psychology
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