Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology最新文献

Objectives: To investigate patterns of cultural stress (racial discrimination and COVID stress) and their impact on ethnic identity and civic engagement among Asian American college students.

Method: 491 undergraduate students who self-identify as Asian American (female = 63.50%; M_age = 20.40, SD = 3.64) were recruited from seven college campuses.

Results: We identified four distinct cultural stress profiles: COVID-related stress, discrimination stress, double pandemic stress (high in both), and low combined COVID-discrimination stress. Double pandemic profile members were more likely to be immigrants and reported higher ethnic identity, civic behaviors, and belief in civic participation, whereas low combined COVID-discrimination stress participants reported significantly lower beliefs in civic participation compared to those in the double pandemic profile.

Conclusions: Findings reaffirm the need to focus on Asian Americans' experiences and expand current conceptualizations of cultural stress to include macrolevel structural processes (COVID stress and racial discrimination) and its implications for identity and civic engagement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: To examine how cultural stressors (ethnic-racial discrimination, immigration-related threat, and COVID-19 stress) influence critical reflection, motivation, and action among Latinx adolescents and whether parental preparation for bias moderates these relations.

Method: One hundred thirty-five Latinx adolescents (M_age = 16, 59.3% female, 85.2% U.S.-born) completed online surveys at two time points, 6 months apart.

Results: Immigration-related threat was associated with greater Time 1 (T1) critical reflection (β = .31, p < .05) and Time 2 (T2) critical motivation (β = .24, p < .01). Preparation for bias moderated the relation between immigration-related threat and T1 critical action (β = .18, p < .01). COVID-19 stress was associated with greater T1 critical motivation (β = .24, p < .01) and T2 critical action (β = .18, p = .01).

Conclusions: Cultural stressors may alert Latinx youth to systemic injustices in the United States, and combined with parental messages, may empower youth to address inequities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Immigrants, and the children of immigrants, are exposed to unique stressors rooted in both (a) the need to balance their heritage culture with the destination culture and (b) the widespread framing of immigrants as real and/or existential threats to the destination society. Seeking to better conceptualize these unique cultural stressors, and to better understand the mechanisms and protective factors, several lines of research have converged, leading to the development of cultural stress theory (CST). This introduction provides an overview CST, starting with its theoretical roots, then proceeding to its key tenets. In addition, and serving as an overall framework for the articles included in this special issue, we outline key directions for future research on cultural stress, highlighting how the articles within this special issue serve to expand CST in important new ways and directions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: The United States government has implemented various social policies (e.g., Medicare) to support children and families (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2023). An emerging body of research seems to indicate that many of these programs are being underutilized by Latinx families even though they are sorely needed. Latinx families are often framed as undeserving, taking advantage of social policies, and as a criminal threat to the United States (Baranauskas & Stowell, 2022). Drawing on cultural stress theory (Salas-Wright & Schwartz, 2019), the present study explores how the deficit framing of Latinx families influences how they navigate social policies.

Method: This study draws on data from four qualitative projects across Oregon and California that explored the experiences of Latinx families accessing services to support their families.

Results: Findings indicate that Latinx families experience multiple stressors when navigating social policies or programs (e.g., shame/fear and racism) for their families. These stressors discourage Latinx families from accessing social programs, which exacerbates disparities in the health, development, and learning of Latinx children and families.

Conclusions: Findings from this study can further inform advocacy efforts to create meaningful systemic changes that reduce inequities and call out discrimination/racism within our policy system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: The cultural stress theory posits that immigrants experience a constellation of cultural stressors such as discrimination that could exacerbate alcohol- and other substance-related problems. Drawing on cultural stress theory, this study investigated the age-varying association between past-year discrimination and substance use disorders (SUDs) among Latin American immigrants aged 18-60 and whether childhood family support moderated the above association.

Method: We used data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) among adults aged 18-60 who identified as a Latin American immigrant (N = 3,049; 48% female).

Results: Time-varying effect models (TVEMs) revealed that experiencing past-year discrimination was associated with greater odds of having a SUD during young and middle adulthood for Latin American immigrants. Furthermore, for immigrants with lower childhood family support, discrimination was associated with SUD risk in young and middle adulthood.

Conclusion: The present study documents that past-year discrimination was linked to greater SUD risk during young and middle adulthood. Childhood family support may serve as a protective factor in the association between discrimination and risk for SUD among Latin American immigrants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Cultural stress potently predicts mental health inequities, such as anxiety, among adult and adolescent immigrants in the United States. However, less work has focused on preadolescence, a period marked by neurodevelopmental and psychosocial changes that can exacerbate anxiety symptoms. Latina girls, who exhibit heightened levels of untreated anxiety, may be at elevated risk. The present study tests whether cultural stress predicts anxiety symptoms in Latina girls and their caregivers.

Method: The primary caregivers of 161 predominantly Mexican-identifying Latina girls (M_age = 10.70, SD = 1.68) reported their exposure to racism, acculturative stress, and political hostility. They also reported their own and their daughter's anxiety severity.

Results: To index cultural stress, a principal component was extracted from composite scores of the racism, acculturative stress, and political hostility questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analyses then tested whether the multidetermined cultural stress component predicted caregiver and child anxiety, with child age, annual household income, and subjective socioeconomic status entered at the first step. Cultural stress positively predicted caregiver (ΔR² = .13, p < .001) and child (ΔR² = .15, p < .001) anxiety symptoms over and above the observed inverse effects of subjective socioeconomic status, such that higher levels of cultural stress were associated with elevated levels of caregiver (ß = .37, p < .001) and child (ß = .39, p < .001) anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the role of racism, acculturative stress, and political hostility in escalating anxiety symptoms in Latinx families and identify cultural stress as a factor that likely contributes to the high rates of anxiety in Latina girls during a key developmental period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: Previous research has investigated cultural stress and well-being among individuals such as Hispanic college students and immigrants from other countries. However, there is a need to explore the impact of cultural stress among immigrants with a focus on the workforce.

Method: Drawing from cultural stress theory, we present a theoretical framework that considers workplace context while exploring strategies that may mitigate the impact of cultural stress in the workplace, such as promoting diversity and inclusion, addressing biases and discrimination, and supporting employee mental health.

Result: We provide actionable steps that can guide leaders to work toward a workplace where individuals develop a sense of belonging.

Conclusion: This article provides a novel perspective on workplace diversity and inclusion that emphasizes the importance of considering cultural context in understanding and addressing workplace stress, with implications for psychology in the workplace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: This qualitative investigation examined how Latinx/Hispanic youth experience cultural stressors, emotionally react to, and cope with these stressors within the family context.

Method: Forty-five youth participated in six focus groups (51% female; 49% male; 0% nonbinary; M_age = 15.26; SD = 0.79).

Results: Using reflexive thematic analysis, we constructed two themes with four accompanying subthemes centering on (a) observing family members experience cultural stressors and (b) experiencing cultural stressors together with family members.

Conclusions: Findings highlight the need for cultural stress theory to focus on the family context in Latinx/Hispanic youths' experiences of cultural stressors, their emotional reactions and coping responses to these stressors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: By studying Mainland Chinese immigrant women who married Hong Kong men, this study examined the association between their perceived discrimination and psychological distress after the 2019-2020 social movement in Hong Kong. Additionally, this study examined the indirect effects of individual coping strategies (tolerance of uncertainty) and couples' coping strategies (common dyadic coping), guided by the cultural and developmental psychopathology framework.

Method: Ninety-nine Mainland Chinese immigrant women who married Hong Kong men participated in this cross-sectional survey.

Results: We found a positive association between perceived discrimination and psychological distress (r = .50, p < .01). Reduced uncertainty tolerance and low levels of common dyadic coping both showed indirect effects on the discrimination-psychological distress association. Tolerance of uncertainty had a larger indirect effect than common dyadic coping.

Conclusions: Focusing on the psychological adjustment of immigrant women facing discrimination, our findings underscore the importance of preserving individual- and couple-level resources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: This study derived parent-child acculturative stress (AS) profiles to evaluate how dyadic AS relates to parental expressed emotion (EE) and academic achievement.

Method: A sample of 284 Latinx youth (M_age = 11.5 years; 55.6% female) and their parents completed The Acculturative Stress Measure, and AS profiles were obtained using latent profile analyses (LPA). Profiles were compared across two outcomes: child and parent reports of parental EE using the Brief Dyadic Scale of Expressed Emotion, which measures parental warmth, criticism, and emotional overinvolvement (EOI), and child standardized test scores.

Results: Four AS profiles emerged using LPA fit indices: high child-low parent (HCLP; 7.7%), low child-high parent (LCHP; 13.4%), moderate child-low parent (MCLP; 14.4%), and low child-low parent (LCLP; 64.4%). Youth and parents in profiles reporting higher AS reported higher EE, particularly EOI. Youth in profiles characterized by greater AS obtained lower test scores.

Conclusion: Parent and child dyads can experience different levels of AS. Higher dyadic AS was associated with worse perceived parental attitudes, as measured by EE, and lower academic achievement. Parental EE subscale differences varied based on the informant and their AS level. Findings underscore the importance of considering cultural factors and incorporating multiple family member experiences to meet the needs of Latinx families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).