Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology最新文献

Objectives: This purpose of this study was to examine (a) the effects of a video intervention on decreasing racial color-blindness, increasing White people's empathy toward racism (i.e., White empathy), and increasing willingness to confront White privilege; and (b) whether ethnocultural empathy moderated the effect of this intervention on these two outcomes.

Method: A total of 287 self-identified White students at a large Midwestern university were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 147) in which they watched two discrimination-related videos or a control group (n = 140) without watching any videos for a three-wave study (before-, during-, and 1-week after-intervention).

Results: Results from latent growth curve modeling supported the effects of the intervention, indicating that those in the intervention (but not control) group reported statistically significant decreases in racial color-blindness, as well as increases in White empathy and willingness to confront White privilege over time. Moreover, latent growth curve results also indicated that ethnocultural empathy significantly moderated the effects of the intervention on racial color-blindness and White empathy, but not on willingness to confront White privilege. Specifically, those with higher levels of ethnocultural empathy reported a significant decrease in racial color-blindness, whereas those with lower levels of ethnocultural empathy reported no change in racial color-blindness over time. Conversely, those with lower levels of ethnocultural empathy reported a significant increase in White empathy whereas those with higher levels of ethnocultural empathy maintained higher levels of White empathy over all three waves.

Conclusions: This study found that it is possible to meaningfully decrease racial color-blindness, increase White empathy toward racial injustice, and promote willingness to confront White privilege with a brief, discrimination-related video intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: Research suggests that chronic stress reduces cognitive functioning; however, studies examining this relationship for race-related stress, such as racial discrimination, are limited and primarily focus on older adults. Moreover, considering the importance of sleep when coping with stress, it is possible that sleep buffers the effect of racial discrimination on cognitive functioning. The present study examined the role of sleep duration and quality in the relationship between racial discrimination and cognitive functioning in early adolescence.

Method: This study utilized a sample of racial and ethnic minority adolescents (N = 176; M_age = 12.1 years; 55% females; 76% Black/African American, 15% Hispanic/Latino, and 8% other minority) participating in a school-based study of adolescent mental health and academic functioning. Analyses included a single multivariate regression model predicting inhibitory control and episodic memory from racial discrimination, sleep duration, sleep quality (objective and subjective), and the interactions between racial discrimination and each sleep variable.

Results: Controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and annual household income, results from the multivariate regression revealed a significant interaction between racial discrimination and sleep duration in predicting inhibitory control. Follow-up analyses showed that racial discrimination was associated with poorer inhibitory control in youth who experienced short sleep duration.

Conclusions: Short sleep duration may increase the deleterious influence of discrimination on youth's cognitive functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: A growing number of resettlement agencies adopt and implement interventions and programs to promote community-based mental health and psychosocial support (CB-MHPSS) among refugees and asylum seekers in the United States. However, few studies examine how multilevel factors either facilitate or interfere with mental health and other associated outcomes. Adopting a realist evaluation approach, this study examines the effects of multilevel (i.e., community, group and individual) factors on mental health coping and emotional well-being (EW) among asylum seekers and refugee newcomers in CB-MHPSS group interventions.

Method: A total of 235 adult refugees and asylum seekers participated in 31 CB-MHPSS intervention groups implemented by 11 HIAS affiliate agencies in 2021. A series of bi-/multivariate and multilevel modeling analyses were conducted to investigate the impacts of individual, group or agency, and community-level factors on competency for coping and EW among intervention participants.

Results: Mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) interventions grounded to the local community help facilitate individual-level improvement in competencies for mental health care and EW. Multilevel modeling analyses attested to multilevel effects of individual, group, and community settings on MHPSS outcomes, highlighting the impacts of intervention facilitator types and group composition, as well as community's unemployment rates.

Conclusions: This study sheds light on the value of community-based, participatory approaches to psychosocial interventions; focusing on the role of refugee community leaders and bicultural staff who deliver MHPSS activities, which was a key feature that enhanced the well-being and coping of refugee newcomers across various settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: Perceptions of unequal treatment, especially when shared, can challenge the status-quo. Starting from the social grounding of shared perceptions, we ask when perceptions of inequality align and converge in ethno-racially diverse peer groups. We are especially interested when perceptions are shared among peers across ethno-racial group boundaries. Social-psychological research suggests asymmetric sharing: Ethno-racial minority group members often see less inequality with more majority contact, while in some cases ethno-racial majority members perceive more inequality with more minority contact. Therefore, we ask if perceptions of inequality are shared across minority and majority groups within time and if perceptions of inequality converge over time.

Method: We focus on schools as sites of inequality and cross-group interactions. First, we tested our predictions with 290 minority and 468 majority youth in 53 classes in the United States using multilevel modelling. Next, we implemented follow-up studies in Belgium with 1,800 minority and 1,700 majority adolescents in 433 classes using longitudinal multilevel models.

Results: In line with intragroup sharing, minority and majority youth shared their minority and majority peers' perceptions of inequality, respectively. Furthermore, we documented cross-group sharing: Majority youth also shared their minority peers' perceptions, especially in contexts with higher minority proportions.

Conclusions: We found consistent evidence of sharing minority perceptions, so that both majority and minority youth would see inequality through their minority peers' eyes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: Linguistic acculturation is a predictor of alcohol use among Hispanic college students, but existing linguistic acculturation measures do not capture language use in the social digital context (e.g., social media). Guided by erosion theory and past empirical findings, this study operationalized two dimensions of social digital linguistic acculturation (SDLA) and examined the interactive effects of SDLA with immigration generation-a demographic proxy for acculturation-in relation to alcohol use intentions and behaviors.

Method: Online questionnaires were completed by 246 Hispanic college students in central Texas between the ages of 18 and 29 (M_age = 21.0, SD = 2.4; 82.1% female) who reported current alcohol use. Measures included two dimensions of SDLA (SDLA-English and SDLA-Spanish) with items developed for this study and supported by exploratory factor analysis, immigration generation as a demographic proxy for acculturation, and three alcohol outcomes (intentions to use alcohol, alcohol consumption, and binge drinking). We specified three regression models in which immigration generation moderated the pathways between SDLA-English and SDLA-Spanish and each alcohol outcome.

Results: Contrary to hypotheses, lower rather than higher SDLA-English was related to greater intentions to use alcohol, greater alcohol consumption, and more frequent binge drinking when immigration generation was higher rather than lower. More aligned with expectations, lower SDLA-Spanish was related to more frequent binge drinking when immigration generation was higher.

Conclusions: The link between SDLA and alcohol engagement is nuanced. This study's findings may be partially explained by acculturative stress in the context of social digital engagement, warranting further exploration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Reports an error in "The development of Tibetan children's racial bias in empathy: The mediating role of ethnic identity and wrongfulness of ethnic intergroup bias" by Jing Sheng, Li Wang, Shuang Lin, Yousong Hu, Yiting Ouyang, Shumin Duan, Shuilian Luo, Qiwen Cai, Yongtao Wu, Wenjun Yan and Jun Chen (Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, Advanced Online Publication, Apr 11, 2024, np). In the article, the authors wish to remove biased language and inappropriate discussion surrounding the comparison between the Tibetan sample and the non-Tibetan samples, and the text discussing the development of Tibetan children's awareness of their own racial prejudice. The necessary corrections are present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2024-72017-001).

Objectives: Individuals often automatically have more empathy for same-race members. However, there are no studies on racial bias in empathy (RBE) among Tibetan school-aged children. The present study aimed to examine the development of RBEs, including racial bias in cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and behavioral empathy, in Tibetan school-aged children.

Method: In Experiment 1 (N = 108, aged 7-12), ethnic identity was primed using Tibetan and Han names. Then negative and neutral events were applied to measure the RBEs of Tibetan children. In Experiment 2 (N = 148, aged 7-12), negative events were replaced by pain events. In Experiment 3 (N = 60, aged 7-12), Tibetan children's ethnic identity and the awareness of the wrongfulness of ethnic intergroup bias were added to examine the underlying mechanism.

Result: Results found that RBEs increased among Tibetan children aged 7-10 and decreased among those aged 11-12, Moreover, we analyzed age as a continuous variable and found that 10 years old was the inflection point in the development of RBEs in Tibetan children. Importantly, children aged 11-12 years old realized more wrongfulness of ethnic intergroup bias than children aged 7-10. The ethnic identity of Tibetan children aged 7-10 mediated the relation between age group and RBEs. And the wrongfulness of ethnic intergroup bias mediated the link between age group and RBEs in Tibetan children aged 9-12.

Conclusion: Our study sheds light on the development of RBEs in Tibetan school-aged children and highlights the importance of identifying the appropriate timing for intervening in prejudice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: Acculturation stress, a type of sociocultural stress, is positively associated with insomnia among Latinxs; however, the mechanisms of this association remain elusive. We tested the indirect effects of acculturation stress on insomnia through rumination and alcohol use, two coping strategies associated with insomnia, and explored these effects in gender-stratified models among Latinxs.

Method: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 187 Latinxs participating in the Latino Sleep and Health study in New York City in 2016-2019. We conducted bias-corrected boot-strap tests of mediation with case resampling (1,000 replications) in aggregate and gender-stratified models. Acculturation stress and insomnia were measured continuously using the Hispanic Stress Inventory and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Rumination was measured using a subscale of the Ruminative Response Scale. The Quantity-Frequency Index was used to measure alcohol use. Covariates included age, New York City poverty threshold, and perceived stress.

Results: Participants were M_age 37.43 (SD = 13.67). Most participants were women (64.17%). The average ISI was 6.65 (SD = 5.51). The indirect effect of acculturation stress on insomnia through rumination was statistically significant (b = 0.02, 95% BCa CI [0.01, 0.03]). Among women, this indirect effect had slightly larger coefficients than among men (b = 0.02, 95% BCa CI [0.01, 0.04]; b = 0.01, 95% BCa CI [0.004, 0.04]). Alcohol use was not a statistically significant mediator (b = -0.001, 95% BCa CI [-0.004, 0.0002]).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that psychological interventions focused on reducing rumination in response to acculturation stress may promote healthy sleep among Latinxs, particularly among Latina women. Future studies should use longitudinal study designs to determine the causal relationships among these variables. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: Reliable and valid tools assessing online racism exposures in youth of color are needed. The present study examined the validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance of the modified individual and vicarious Online Racial Discrimination (ORD) subscales from the Online Victimization Scale (OVS; Tynes et al., 2010).

Method: Using a nationally representative sample of Black and Latinx adolescents (N = 696), this study employed an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) to (a) confirm the factor structure with the updated individual and vicarious ORD subscales, (b) test the measurement invariance across racial-ethnic and gender groups, and (c) investigate the construct validity.

Results: Findings revealed that the two-factor model provided good fit of the data and good conceptual clarity consistent with our original framework. Additionally, the individual and vicarious ORD subscales met the criteria for scalar measurement invariance across racial-ethnic groups. These subscales also met criteria for metric invariance across gender groups, and this finding cautions users from comparing (adjusted-)means of intercepts across gender groups given that scalar measurement invariance was not supported.

Conclusion: The ORD scale is a reliable and valid measure for assessing experiences of online racial discrimination in Black and Latinx adolescents. These findings provide further support for the ORD scale's psychometric properties to help advance this line of research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: Outgroup cultural use elicits controversy, including about whether it is immoral. The objective of the current work was to ask how laypeople morally evaluate individuals who adopt elements of outgroup culture for their own use and to probe a psychological mechanism underlying these evaluations.

Method: In three studies, participants provided moral evaluations of actors who engaged in outgroup versus ingroup cultural use. In Study 2, participants additionally rated how harmful each actor's behavior was; in Study 3, participants learned whether or not each behavior caused harm.

Results: Study 1 demonstrated the basic effect that participants rated actors who engaged in outgroup cultural use as less moral than actors who did not. Two preregistered follow-up studies highlighted the role of perceived harm in these moral judgments, as greater perceptions of harm led to harsher moral judgments of actors who used outgroup cultural elements among both Black and White perceivers.

Conclusions: By integrating work on intergroup relations and moral psychology, the current research suggests that some forms of outgroup cultural use may signal a moral shortcoming for high-status actors and is among the first to illuminate the cognitive processes driving these moral judgments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: Adolescents from immigrant families often translate or interpret communication on behalf of their parents, a process known as language brokering (LB). From a poststress growth framework, these LB experiences may yield opportunities for personal development and resilience or may contribute to risky behaviors and poor mental health. In this study, frequency of LB and subjective feelings of LB are tested as they relate to family relationships, resilience, risky behaviors, and mental health outcomes.

Method: In this study, 188 adolescents who language broker (female = 128, male = 60; M_age = 16.19 years, SD = 1.01; 5% African American/Black, 24% Asian American/Pacific Islander, 8.5% White, 52% Latino/Hispanic, and 11% mixed/multiracial) completed an online questionnaire about their frequency of LB (i.e., weekly and in general), extent of LB, feelings about LB (i.e., efficacy, burden, and intrusiveness), positive and negative attitudes toward LB, relationships with parents, engagement in risky behavior, and anxiety and depression symptoms.

Results: Findings indicated that feelings of efficacy and positive attitudes toward LB associated with resilience. Positive attitudes and a lack of negative attitudes associated with better family relationships. Risky behaviors were associated with age, extent and intrusiveness of LB, and a lack of positive attitudes. Female, extent of LB, and positive attitudes were related to anxiety.

Conclusions: Building efficacy and fostering positive attitudes toward LB may foster positive outcomes and prevent deleterious outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).