Journal of Personality Disorders最新文献

The current study aimed to determine cutoff scores of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0) in clinical and nonclinical samples and thereby test its ability to discriminate between those samples. A total of 814 individuals participated, including a sine morbo (SM; Latin for "without any disease"; here specifically "without any mental disorder") subsample (n = 509), a clinical subsample without personality disorder (non-PD; n = 240), and a clinical subsample with personality disorder (PD; n = 65). Significant differences were found among the subsamples on all LPFS-BF 2.0 scores, with the PD subsample showing the most severe impairments, followed by the non-PD and SM subsamples. To determine cutoff scores, ROC curve analyses were conducted on 70% of the data (training set, randomly selected) and validated on the remaining set of the data (test set), controlling for age, sex, and level of education. The accuracy of the LPFS-BF 2.0 in discriminating between all three subsamples was demonstrated.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with poor quality of life (QoL), but little is known about which QoL dimensions are affected or what might predict QoL outcomes. Baseline data were collected from 208 participants (aged 15-25 years, with three or more DSM-5 BPD features) in one of three randomized controlled trials conducted at youth mental health services in Melbourne, Australia. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that BPD severity, avoidant personality disorder diagnosis (AVPD), and psychotic disorder each independently predicted poorer overall QoL. Both BPD severity and AVPD independently predicted all psychosocial subscale dimensions of QoL. For the physical dimensions, AVPD independently predicted pain and senses, whereas BPD severity and psychotic disorder independently predicted independent living. Co-occurring mood or antisocial personality disorder predicted neither overall QoL nor any dimension of QoL. These findings provide additional weight to the argument that young people with BPD should be a high-priority group for early intervention.

Antagonistic narcissism (AN), involving devaluation, aggression, and impulsivity, is a key feature of narcissism and overlaps with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study compared explicit (self-reported) and implicit (indirectly measured) AN in women with BPD and a matched clinical control (CC) group and examined associations with aggression, interpersonal problems, and emotion dysregulation. Fifty-one women with BPD and 51 CC participants completed the AN Implicit Association Test (AN-IAT), the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ), and clinical assessments. Group differences were analyzed using Welch's t tests with Bonferroni-Holm correction; associations were examined using Spearman's correlations. BPD participants showed higher AN-IAT scores, but no group differences on NARQ Rivalry. AN-IAT correlated weakly with emotion dysregulation; NARQ Rivalry correlated moderately with aggression and interpersonal agency. Findings suggest that implicit, but not explicit, AN distinguishes women with BPD from CCs, highlighting the role of automatic antagonistic processes in BPD.

The 100-item short form of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5-SF) has been translated into various languages and validated across cultures and age groups, but research on adolescents is limited. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Turkish version (PID-5-SF-TR) in a sample of 349 adolescents (181 community, 168 clinical). Participants also completed the Personality Belief Questionnaire-Short Form (PBQ-SF) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Clinical participants had higher facet scores than community participants. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a five-factor structure for both groups. Cronbach's α coefficients ranged from 0.72 to 0.86 in the clinical group and from 0.73 to 0.87 in the community group. PID-5-SF-TR domains correlated significantly with related BFI dimensions, except for Openness and Psychoticism. Corresponding PBQ-SF and PID-5-SF-TR subscales were significantly correlated. Test-retest reliability over 5 months showed coefficients ranging from r = 0.30 to r = 0.67. Findings support the reliability and validity of using the PID-5-SF-TR when diagnosingTurkish adolescents.

The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) proposes a dimensional framework with two core criteria: Criterion A (personality functioning) and Criterion B (maladaptive traits). Debate remains regarding their incremental validity, with prior studies producing mixed results. This study employed a Delphi method with 17 experts in personality disorders (PDs) to evaluate the conceptual, discriminative, clinical, and informative value of both criteria. Consensus indicated that Criterion B captures individualized trait expressions, while Criterion A was seen as global or individualized, depending on use of total or subscale scores. Both criteria were viewed as having stable and dynamic aspects. Experts noted Criterion A's overlap with general psychopathology, while Criterion B was seen to include both PD-specific and broader traits. Criterion A was mainly associated with informing treatment intensity, and Criterion B with guiding therapeutic style. Both criteria were seen as informative for several mental health outcomes. Despite overlap, most experts opposed merging the criteria.

The Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0) was developed as a screening tool for personality functioning. Its generalizability and comparability across groups with diverse mental health histories have not been explored yet. This study examined configural, metric, scalar, and strict measurement invariance of the scale between treatment-seeking (n = 1113) and non-treatment-seeking (n = 690) groups. Results supported the invariance of the two-factor structure of the LPFS-BF 2.0 and demonstrated good psychometric properties in both groups. The findings provide evidence of the generalizability and construct equivalence of the LPFS-BF 2.0. The scale effectively captured both healthy functioning and disturbances. Associations with the severity of psychopathology symptoms and meaningful differences in severity classification across groups further supported its validity. At the same time, findings suggested that LPFS-BF 2.0, especially self-functioning, might be an overall indicator of mental health difficulties severity rather than being specific to the severity of personality dysfunction.

Identity impairment is central to personality pathology generally, but less is known about how identity impairment appears differently across personality pathology. The AMPD lists a criterion for disorder-specific identity impairment for each personality disorder (PD), but these criteria have not been adequately empirically examined. N = 305 university students completed self-report measures of personality pathology (traditional DSM-5 and AMPD conceptualizations) and identity impairment (identity diffusion). We explored which identity diffusion items associated most strongly with each PD scale. Results were mixed. Predictions were partially supported in that at least one expected identity diffusion item emerged as most strongly associated with antisocial, avoidant, and borderline PDs. For narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive, and schizotypal PDs, predictions were not supported. Results were somewhat consistent between DSM Section II and AMPD scales for most PDs, except avoidant and obsessive-compulsive PD. We emphasize the need for further empirical study on disorder-specific identity impairment across personality pathology.

Research has sought to understand the relationship among childhood maltreatment, maladaptive personality, and antisocial behaviors. However, most of the literature overlooks possible gender differences by using primarily male samples. The current study examined these relationships, focusing on the mediating role of personality dysfunction, in samples of women who are incarcerated (N = 200) and undergraduate students (N = 187). Correlations revealed moderate to strong associations among childhood trauma, personality psychopathology, and antisocial behavior (rs = .31-.66). The findings demonstrated a mediation pathway from childhood trauma to BPD (β = .37) and ASPD/psychopathy (βs = .25-.34) to antisocial behavior (βs = .35-.67). This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the associations among childhood trauma, personality psychopathology, and antisocial behavior. Additionally, it expands existing research by presenting a mediation model, demonstrating the role of personality dysfunction in mediating the relationship between childhood maltreatment and antisocial behavior in women.

Contingent self-esteem, or the notion that self-worth is tied to successes or failures, is theorized to be important to narcissism. Contingent self-esteem likely manifests as a dynamic between transient states (e.g., emotions) and feelings of self-worth. The current study examined whether narcissism was associated with the link between negative affect and self-esteem. Participants (N = 862) came from two samples of undergraduates and one of community individuals. Participants completed trait-based assessments of narcissism and an ecological momentary assessment protocol capturing state-level negative affect and self-esteem. Grandiosity was associated with higher average momentary self-esteem (β = .12). Vulnerability and contingent self-esteem were associated with higher momentary averages of negative affect (βs = .23; 20, respectively) and lower momentary averages of self-esteem (βs = -.37; -.32, respectively). Vulnerability and contingent self-esteem also amplified the negative affect and self-esteem link (βs = -0.10 and -0.11, respectively). The findings suggest that contingent self-esteem is an important process underlying narcissism.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) shows strong associations with the general factor of personality disorders, which is proposed to reflect the level of impairment in personality functioning as defined by Criterion A in the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders. Limited evidence regarding the convergent validity between BPD and Criterion A, particularly in developmental contexts, poses a barrier to integrating categorical and dimensional models of personality disorders. To address this, we employed a latent variable cross-lagged panel model to examine the longitudinal associations between BPD features and personality functioning in a two-wave adolescent cohort. Results revealed a unidirectional cross-lagged effect from BPD features to subsequent personality functioning impairments, suggesting that BPD may serve as a developmental marker of broader personality pathology. However, the absence of a reciprocal longitudinal effect raises questions about the sensitivity of personality functioning in capturing the developmental emergence of BPD symptomatology over time.