Journal of Personality Disorders最新文献

Given growing evidence for a joint hierarchical framework of clinical and personality symptomatology, situating triarchic traits within this model would acknowledge transdiagnostic trait-related variance and provide a basis for linking the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) domains to established indicators of these neurobehavioral traits. The current study (N = 2,041 Italian adults) sought to replicate and extend recent evidence regarding the locations of triarchic traits within the AMPD and to examine relations with criterion measures at different levels of the hierarchy. "Bass-ackwards" analyses revealed a hierarchical structure of personality pathology in which triarchic traits aligned with broad dispositional domains of the AMPD. Boldness, meanness, and disinhibition were clearly situated within the Externalizing branch of the hierarchy and helped to differentiate the Negative Affect, Antagonism, Detachment, and Disinhibition domains at lower levels. The current findings support the view of psychopathy as multidimensional and encompassing developmentally meaningful and neurobehaviorally relevant traits.

Whether complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnoses differ substantially enough to warrant separate diagnostic classifications has been a subject of controversy for years. To contribute to the nomological network of cumulative evidence, the main goal of the present study was to explore, using network analysis, how the symptoms of ICD-11 PTSD and disturbances in self-organization (DSO) are interconnected with BPD in a clinical sample of polytraumatized individuals (N = 330). Participants completed measures of life events, CPTSD, and BPD. Overall, our study suggests that BPD and CPTSD are largely separated. The bridges between BPD and CPTSD symptom clusters were scarce, with "Affective Dysregulation" items being the only items related to BPD. The present study contributes to the growing literature on discriminant validity of CPTSD and supports its distinctiveness from BPD. Implications for treatment are discussed.

In Kernerg's Object Relations Theory model of personality pathology, splitting, the mutual polarization of aspects of experience, is thought to result in a failure of identity integration. The authors sought to identify a clinician-independent, automated measure of splitting by examining 54 subjects' natural speech. Splitting in these individuals, recruited from the community, was investigated and evaluated with a shortened version of the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO-R). A type of automated sentiment textual analysis called VADER was applied to transcripts from the section of the STIPO-R that probes identity integration. Higher variability in speech valence, more negative minimum valence, and more frequent shifts in valence polarity were associated with more severe identity disturbance. The authors concluded that the degree of splitting elicited during the description of self and others is related to the degree of identity disturbance, and to the degree of negativity and instability of these descriptions of self and others.

Experts in personality disorders (PDs) generally prefer dimensional diagnostic systems to categorical ones, but less is known about experts' attitudes toward personality pathology diagnoses in adolescents, and little is known about public health shortfalls and advocacy needs and how these might differ geographically. To fill these gaps, the International Society for the Study of Personality Disorders surveyed 248 professionals with interests in PDs about their attitudes toward different diagnostic systems for adults and adolescents, their PD-related clinical practices, and perceived advocacy needs in their area. Results suggested that dimensional diagnostic systems are preferable to categorical and that skepticism about personality pathology in adolescents may not be warranted. The most pressing advocacy need was the increased availability of PD-related services, but many other needs were identified. Results provide a blueprint for advocacy and suggest ways that professional societies can collaborate with public health bodies to expand the reach of PD expertise and services.

A substantial body of research supports dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) as an evidence-based treatment for those with borderline personality disorder (BPD); however, there remains a lack of mental health clinicians trained in this modality, resulting in limited clinician competencies and skills. Furthermore, the effectiveness of DBT trainings with mental health clinicians remains understudied. The present study evaluated a comprehensive 5-day DBT-Linehan Board of Certification training program. Informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study assessed changes in clinician knowledge, attitudes, perceived behavioral control (PBC), intentions, and behaviors relevant to DBT at baseline, posttraining, and 6-month follow-up. Results showed large, significant pre-to-post training improvements in clinicians' knowledge, attitudes, PBC, and intentions related to DBT implementation. Large improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and PBC were sustained at follow-up. A significant improvement in actual behaviors was also found at follow-up. Implications of the present study and directions for future research are discussed.

The triarchic model of psychopathy emphasizes the role of three phenotypic personality domains (boldness, meanness, and disinhibition) that have been operationalized using the well-established Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. The present study sought to further validate the MPQ-Tri scales and examine their temporal stability and predictive validity across two time points (ages 18 and 26) from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a population-representative and longitudinal sample (N = 1,037). This investigation necessitated modification of the MPQ-Tri scales to enable their use in a broader range of samples, including the Dunedin Study. The revised MPQ-Tri scales demonstrated good temporal stability, and correlation and multiple linear regression analyses predominantly revealed associations consistent with theoretical expectations. Overall, the findings provide support for the MPQ-Tri scales as reliable, stable, and valid measures of the triarchic constructs, which provide a unique opportunity to examine highly novel research questions concerning psychopathy in a wide variety of samples.

The current study sought to investigate the differential risk/protective factors of neuroticism and extraversion among individuals with only suicide ideation, those with a single suicide attempt, and those with multiple attempts. We hypothesized that extraversion would moderate the relation between neuroticism and suicide attempts (single and multiple) but not ideation. Patients in a private facility (N = 3343) completed measures assessing suicide history and general personality traits. Four moderation analyses were conducted with extraversion moderating the relationship between neuroticism and suicide ideation, single attempt (compared to zero attempts), and multiple attempts (compared to zero attempts and to single attempts). Extraversion moderated neuroticism only when comparing individuals with multiple suicide attempts to those with no attempts. Individuals who were low in both neuroticism and extraversion had higher levels of attempts than individuals with low neuroticism and high extraversion, highlighting the importance of considering biological predispositions as risk factors for suicide.

Numerous studies have questioned the reliability and validity of borderline personality disorder's (BPD) categorical conceptualization. DSM-5 Section III's alternative trait-based model of BPD may better capture borderline pathology, but aspects of its validity should be further established. Thus, the authors examined whether a latent BPD factor derived from Section III traits exhibits (1) familial aggregation among siblings and (2) association with constructs related to borderline pathology. The authors also tested whether gender moderated associations. A total of 498 community-recruited adults completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5, a behavioral assessment of risk-taking, and reported their history of childhood maltreatment, substance use, nonsuicidal self-injury, and suicidal ideation. Familial aggregation was assessed among 232 sibling pairs. Siblings' BPD scores were significantly correlated and most external validators were significantly associated with BPD, with the exception of risk-taking. Results did not vary by gender. Findings further support the construct validity of Section III's BPD trait profile.

The underlying vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is expressed across a continuum of clinical and subclinical symptoms referred to as schizotypy. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct with positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. The present study examined associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy with pathological personality traits and facets assessed by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in 1,342 young adults. As hypothesized, positive schizotypy was associated with the PID-5 psychoticism domain and facets, negative schizotypy was associated with the detachment domain and facets and the restricted affectivity facet, and disorganized schizotypy's strongest associations were with the distractibility and eccentricity facets and the negative affect domain. The PID-5 facets accounted for upwards of two thirds of the variance in each schizotypy dimension. The authors conclude by providing regression-based algorithms for computing positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy scores based on the PID-5 facets.

This study examined patients' personality traits as operationalized by the five-factor model in relation to early alliance and reduction of interpersonal distress through an intensive group treatment program for personality dysfunction. A sample of 79 consecutively admitted psychiatric outpatients with personality dysfunction who attended an 18-week intensive group treatment program completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory at pretreatment, the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems at pre- and posttreatment, and the Edmonton Therapeutic Alliance Scale, a measure of the therapeutic alliance with the program therapist, at Session 5. Results indicated that patients who were relatively extraverted tended to rate the alliance with their program therapist higher and subsequently reported more improvement of interpersonal distress. The presence of a personality disorder did not moderate this mediation. Patients' extraversion likely promotes a bonding with the therapist and facilitates the interpersonal group work necessary for improvement. Assessing patients' level of extraversion before starting intensive group treatment might indicate which intervention strategies could be useful with that patient within the program frame.