Journal of Personality Disorders最新文献

While research has demonstrated the relationship between psychopathy and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, evidence is mixed regarding how psychopathy facets relate to different forms of IPV perpetration. Literature has also underexplored how psychopathy relates to IPV victimization. To address these gaps, we investigated specificity in relationships between four psychopathy facets (interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, antisocial) and three types of IPV perpetration and victimization experiences (physical, psychological, sexual) across three samples. Zero-order correlations and regressions were conducted separately, followed by z tests synthesizing the results. Across samples, correlations revealed small-to-moderate relationships between psychopathy facets and IPVs while multiple regressions revealed minimal-to-small unique effects of the facets. Findings highlight (a) that the lifestyle facet demonstrated the most consistent correlations with IPV experiences across samples while the other facets showed sample-specific relationships, and (b) that the limited unique effects of psychopathy facets implicate what they have in common as relevant to IPV experiences.

According to narrative identity theory, the meaning and importance given to childhood events within one's life story (i.e., autobiographical reasoning [AR]) may help explain why only some individuals who experience childhood maltreatment (CM) develop borderline personality (BP) pathology. We test this hypothesis by examining whether AR about childhood emotional experiences, particularly perceived event centrality and meaning-making, moderate relations between CM and BP symptoms, BP traits, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a diverse sample of 216 young women with a previous mental health diagnosis. Participants wrote recollections of negative emotional childhood events, rated the centrality of each recollection, and described the meaning of these events in their life story. Lower event centrality and positive meaning-making predicted less BP but not PTSD symptoms, with event centrality buffering the impact of CM. Findings highlight the potential utility of narrative identity theory, particularly AR, in understanding and treating BPD in the context of childhood maltreatment.

Research has shown racial differences in borderline personality disorder trait presentation between diagnosed Black women and White women. However, no studies have examined if these differences were generalizable to men and individuals with lower borderline severity. We sought to examine how gender and race affected the presentation of borderline traits across the severity continuum. Participants (n = 196) answered a series of surveys examining comorbid externalizing and internalizing traits. Differences were mostly nonsignificant with few exceptions. Higher physical aggression was observed among Black than among White participants. Gender differences also emerged with higher overall and physical aggression observed among men, and higher rejection sensitivity observed among women. Borderline trait severity was significantly associated with most internalizing and externalizing traits across all racial and gender groups. Our findings suggest a need for more diverse sampling in borderline research to fully capture the extent to which its various mechanisms manifest.

Across the lifespan, suicide mortality rates are highest among older adults, yet research on self-harm in later life remains limited. This study explores how self-reported maladaptive personality traits (measured by the PID-5-BF+M) are associated with self-harm in older adults, and whether there are potential differences according to the type of self-harm behaviors (indirect, direct, and the co-occurrence of these two) in this age group. From a convenience sample of 790 adults aged 60 years and older, 102 participants were selected using a matched-pair design. Regression models showed that three personality domains (i.e., Negative Affectivity, Antagonism, and Psychoticism) and eight personality facets were related with self-harm in older adults. Boxplots showed differences between maladaptive personality scores depending on self-harm type. Presence of elevated PID-5-BF+M scores may help clinicians identify elevated self-harm risk in older adults. Future research should differentiate between types of self-harm, as the associated risk factors may vary.

The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders identifies the level of personality functioning (LPF) as the entry criterion for personality disorder. The Level of Personality Functioning-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0) has demonstrated adequate psychometric properties, although mixed evidence on its factor structure and the lack of established clinical cutoffs limit its utility. In the present study, we first examined the factor structure of the LPFS-BF 2.0 using data from 365 young adults. Next, we examined the measure's convergent and discriminant validity, clinical utility, and cutoff score in a mixed college (n = 94) and clinical (n = 70) sample. Results revealed acceptable fit of a bifactor model with an essentially unidimensional structure and general support for convergent and discriminant validity. The LPFS-BF 2.0 distinguished those above versus below the clinical cutoff of the Semi-Structured Interview for Personality Functioning with strong sensitivity and specificity. The LPFS-BF 2.0 appears psychometrically sound and clinically useful in capturing personality dysfunction.

We aimed to investigate the relationships of ICD-11 personality disorder (PD) severity and five maladaptive personality domains with narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability among 398 Croatian adult psychiatric patients. They completed the following self-report questionnaires: the ICD-11 Personality Disorder Severity Scale, the Personality Assessment Questionnaire for ICD-11, and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Narcissistic grandiosity showed meaningful associations with the Disinhibition and Anankastia domains. Conversely, narcissistic vulnerability was significantly more strongly associated with PD severity and the Negative Affectivity domain, and it also showed meaningful associations with the Disinhibition, Anankastia, and Dissociality domains. An even more nuanced picture emerged on the facet-level of pathological narcissism, while some novel findings were obtained pertaining to gender differences in the above-mentioned relations. Future studies utilizing additional multidimensional measures of pathological narcissism and gender-sensitive assessment are warranted.

The present systematic review and meta-analysis sought to assess the internal structure and consistency of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0) across different populations and cultures. Studies identified through systematic research were subjected to eligibility criteria, resulting in 30 included studies and 110 effect sizes. Study characteristics were tabulated, their methodological quality was assessed, and findings were synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis. Findings overall supported the internal structure of the LPFS-BF 2.0 and indicated sound internal consistency for the total scale. Moderator analyses indicated that internal consistency differed minimally by index type, sample type, gender, age, country, and language. The findings overall suggest that the LPFS-BF 2.0 assesses a coherent and internally consistent construct, making it a potentially useful tool for evaluating personality functioning across diverse populations. Future investigations should further explore interrater reliability, test-retest stability, and alignment with interview-based personality disorder severity.

Patients with personality disorders (PDs) often struggle in life after treatment, even when symptomatic remission is achieved. The question arises of whether current outcome measurements are relevant for patients and people around them. To address this, we used concept mapping, a mixed-method approach, to construct a framework of recovery from the perspectives of patients, their significant others, and therapists (n = 39). Participants brainstormed what recovery involved and then prioritied and clustered these ideas (n = 61). Data were analyzed using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis, resulting in 45 statements grouped into four themes: understanding and recognizing yourself, regulating emotions, giving direction to your life, and connecting with others. Understanding and recognizing yourself was identified as the most important area of change. This study offers an evidence-based framework for recovery in PD, providing a foundation for developing outcome measurements that reflect the needs of patients and their significant others beyond symptom reduction.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by a pervasive pattern of impulsivity, affective dysregulation, and cognitive-perceptual symptoms. Treatment of BPD remains a significant challenge to mental health clinicians. People who suffer from BPD frequently have comorbid psychiatric disorders, which makes treatment more complex. This case study describes a course of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) to treat a patient with co-occurring BPD and depression. KAP uses the antidepressant and psychedelic effects of ketamine embedded in a psychotherapy format to utilize the concept of an inner healing intelligence within the patient and the intersubjective relationship between patient and therapist as therapeutic factors. The positive outcomes in this case study suggest that more systematic research is warranted in the use of KAP for treatment of BPD and other personality disorders.