Family Relations最新文献_第10页

The role of Black men in protecting Black girls' sexual development 黑人男子在保护黑人女孩性发育方面的作用

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/fare.13054

Natasha Crooks, Wuraola Sosina, Alyssa Debra, Diamond Coleman, Rabiatu Barrie, Randi Singer

Background

Black girls in the United States are at increased risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections due to early sexual development, stereotyping, adultification, and lack of protection. The Becoming a Sexual Black Woman framework highlights protection, or lack thereof, as a critical component of Black girls' sexual development.

Objective

The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we sought to understand how girls protect their bodies within the societal context of the COVID-19 pandemic and social injustice. Second, we aimed to explore how Black men can better protect Black girls' sexual development.

Method

We conducted 25 in-depth interviews with Black girls aged 9 to 18 years, primarily across the Midwestern United States. We performed a directed content analysis by reviewing transcripts, coding data, and developing themes.

Results

Findings revealed four themes: (a) feeling unsafe, (b) adultification of Black girls' bodies and increased vulnerability to harm, (c) desire for more protection by Black male caregivers, and (d) needing Black men to speak up.

Conclusion

Black men's engagement in girls' sexual development may significantly influence the health outcomes of Black girls and women throughout their life course.

Implications

Findings may inform future family-based interventions that better protect and promote the sexual health and development of Black girls.

由于性早熟、陈规定型观念、成人化和缺乏保护，美国黑人女孩感染艾滋病毒和性传播疾病的风险越来越高。成为有性能力的黑人女性 "框架强调，保护或缺乏保护是黑人女孩性发育的重要组成部分。首先，我们试图了解在 COVID-19 大流行和社会不公正的社会背景下，女孩如何保护自己的身体。其次，我们旨在探索黑人男性如何更好地保护黑人女孩的性发育。我们主要在美国中西部地区对 9 至 18 岁的黑人女孩进行了 25 次深入访谈。我们进行了 25 次深入访谈，访谈对象为 9 至 18 岁的黑人女孩，主要分布在美国中西部地区。我们通过审查访谈记录、对数据进行编码并制定主题，对访谈内容进行了定向分析。研究结果揭示了四个主题：（a）感觉不安全；（b）黑人女孩身体成人化，更容易受到伤害；（c）希望黑人男性照顾者提供更多保护；以及（d）需要黑人男性大声说话。

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引用次数: 0

Residual and emergent: Good mother ideals in China and the role of cultural values 残余与新生：中国的好母亲理想与文化价值观的作用

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/fare.13058

Yixuan Liu, Yi Xu

Objective

The study aimed to explore how different groups of people perceive good mother ideals in China and the cultural and sociodemographic profiles of these groups.

Background

Good mother ideals have changed over time and become increasingly complex. The prevalence of intensive mothering has been supported mainly by media representation research and dominated by Western-focused studies. How tensions between Confucianism and neoliberalism alter the good mother ideas in contemporary China requires further investigation.

Method

First, we used an open-ended survey to collect good mother attributes. Then, we conducted a latent profile analysis with an online survey (N = 449) to divide people into subgroups according to their latent perception structures. Later, we ran multinominal logistic regressions to explore whether cultural values and sociodemographic variables can predict group membership.

Results

Collected attributes (N = 1,162) were organized into five categories: neutrality (37.87%), femininity (25.39%), motherhood (11.53%), family responsibilities (6.71%), and childcare responsibilities (18.5%). Moreover, we identified three groups holding different motherhood beliefs: Whatever, Average, and Perfectionist. Young people had higher odds to be in the Whatever group and held more flexible good mother ideals, and married women were 6.69 times more likely to be in the Perfectionist group than single men. Our findings also indicated that people in the Perfectionist group scored higher on attitudes toward family and Asian values.

Conclusion

Our research suggested that researchers must distinguish between dominant motherhood representation and lay perceptions of motherhood as well as pay attention to the cultural sensitivity of good mother ideals.

该研究旨在探讨中国不同群体如何看待好母亲的理想，以及这些群体的文化和社会人口状况。密集型母爱的盛行主要得到了媒体表征研究的支持，而以西方为重点的研究则占主导地位。儒家思想与新自由主义之间的紧张关系如何改变当代中国的好母亲观念，需要进一步研究。然后，我们通过在线调查（N = 449）进行了潜在特征分析，根据人们的潜在认知结构将他们划分为不同的子群体。随后，我们进行了多项式逻辑回归，以探讨文化价值观和社会人口变量能否预测群体成员身份。收集到的属性（N = 1,162）被分为五类：中立（37.87%）、女性气质（25.39%）、母性（11.53%）、家庭责任（6.71%）和育儿责任（18.5%）。此外，我们还发现了三个持有不同母性信念的群体：无论如何、平凡和完美主义。年轻人属于 "无所谓 "组的几率更高，他们持有更灵活的好母亲理想，已婚女性属于 "完美主义 "组的几率是单身男性的 6.69 倍。我们的研究表明，研究人员必须区分主流母性表征和普通人的母性观念，并关注好母亲理想的文化敏感性。

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引用次数: 0

Boundaries in online couples therapy: “Can anything exist without boundaries?” 在线夫妻治疗中的界限："没有界限，还能存在吗？"

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1111/fare.13053

Alon Aviram

Objective

This research delved into the experiences of couples and therapists in online couples therapy with an emphasis on therapeutic boundaries.

Background

Although the popularity of online therapy has surged, limited understanding exists about the meanings and experiences tied to therapeutic boundaries in this context, underscoring the need for its examination to enhance online therapy's effectiveness.

Method

A purposive sample of 51 participants, including 36 individuals (comprising 18 couples who underwent separate interviews), and 15 couple and family therapists were interviewed in four online focus groups. Constructivist grounded theory guided the data analysis to discern therapeutic boundary dimensions.

Results

The analysis identified three dimensions of therapeutic boundaries: (a) boundaries between the therapist and couple, (b) boundaries between the couple and their family, and (c) boundaries between the therapists and their own families.

Conclusion

The study offers insights into the nuanced concept of liminality within therapists' and couples' transition to online couples therapy, particularly emphasizing disruptions in conventional therapeutic paradigms.

Implications

To uphold the integrity and bolster the therapeutic alliance in online couples therapy, there is a compelling need for therapists to transition toward novel means of establishing boundaries, moving away from traditional constructs.

这项研究深入探讨了在线夫妻治疗中夫妻和治疗师的经验，重点是治疗界限。虽然在线治疗的普及率急剧上升，但人们对这种情况下与治疗界限相关的意义和经验的了解却很有限，这突出表明有必要对其进行研究，以提高在线治疗的有效性。这项研究在四个在线焦点小组中对 51 名参与者进行了有目的的抽样调查，其中包括 36 名个人（包括 18 对接受单独访谈的夫妻）以及 15 名夫妻和家庭治疗师。分析确定了治疗界限的三个方面：（a）治疗师与夫妻之间的界限；（b）夫妻与家人之间的界限；（c）治疗师与自己家人之间的界限。这项研究为治疗师和夫妻向在线夫妻治疗过渡过程中的微妙边缘性概念提供了见解，特别强调了对传统治疗范式的颠覆。为了维护在线夫妻治疗的完整性并加强治疗联盟，治疗师亟需向建立界限的新方法过渡，摒弃传统建构。

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引用次数: 0

Lessons from the field: Jail experiences of pregnant incarcerated women in a home visiting program 来自实地的经验：参加家访计划的被监禁孕妇的监狱经历

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1111/fare.13051

Maria Reyes-Vargas, Bridget A. Walsh

Objective

In this report, we share results of a qualitative study of the experiences of pregnant incarcerated women (PIW), released women (RW), and home visitors who participated in an Early Head Start Home-Based Option (EHS-HBO) program that was delivered in a jail. We discuss the challenges of researching and supporting PIW's experiences and offer lessons learned.

Background

Carceral environments such as jails present challenges for PIW that can compromise pregnancy outcomes. Research supports the efficacy of targeted interventions, such as EHS-HBO, for other populations (e.g., people who use substances); however, these interventions have not yet reached incarcerated populations.

Method

Through separate focus groups for PIW (n = 6) and home visitors (n = 5), and semistructured interviews with RW (n = 3), study participants shared their experiences as PIW and the carceral context.

Results

Themes, determined inductively through thematic analysis, included (a) emotional pain from postdelivery separation, (b) struggles accessing help, (c) lack of faith in medical care, and (d) social support in and out of jail.

Conclusion

Results from this study elucidate recommendations for home visitors visiting PIW in jail and training jail personnel about maternal health.

Implications

Our study highlights the need to further develop home visiting programs and support for PIW and RW. Opportunities for training of jail and home visiting personnel were identified through the focus groups and interviews conducted. The information shared will help professionals working with PIW learn about remarks, attitudes, challenges, and standards of care impacting PIW and maternal mental health.

在本报告中，我们分享了一项定性研究的结果，该研究针对的是参与在监狱中实施的早期启蒙家庭方案（EHS-HBO）计划的被监禁孕妇（PIW）、刑满释放妇女（RW）和家庭访视者的经历。我们讨论了研究和支持 PIW 的经验所面临的挑战，并提供了经验教训。研究表明，EHS-HBO 等有针对性的干预措施对其他人群（如使用药物的人群）有效、通过分别针对 PIW（n = 6）和家访者（n = 5）的焦点小组以及对 RW（n = 3）的半结构式访谈，研究参与者分享了他们作为 PIW 的经历和监狱环境。通过主题分析归纳出的主题包括：（a）产后分离带来的情感痛苦；（b）获得帮助时的挣扎；（c）对医疗缺乏信心；以及（d）狱中和狱外的社会支持。这项研究的结果阐明了对探访狱中 PIW 的家庭访视者以及对监狱工作人员进行孕产妇健康培训的建议。通过焦点小组和访谈，我们发现了对监狱和家访人员进行培训的机会。我们分享的信息将有助于从事女性罪犯工作的专业人员了解影响女性罪犯和孕产妇心理健康的言论、态度、挑战和护理标准。

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引用次数: 0

Examining Malaysian mothers' causal attributions of maladaptive externalizing and internalizing behaviors in young children 研究马来西亚母亲对幼儿适应不良的外化和内化行为的因果归因

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1111/fare.13050

Jean Anne Heng, Sheryl Olson

Objective

This study provides insight into how cultural beliefs influence parents' causal attributions of maladaptive externalizing and internalizing behaviors in young children.

Background

Understanding how parents from different cultures explain difficult behavior in young children may inform culturally sensitive approaches for early intervention and prevention. To date, work on Malaysian parents' causal attributions of maladaptive behaviors in young children has received little empirical attention.

Method

We employed a semistructured interview method to assess Malaysian mothers' (N = 16) open-ended explanations for maladaptive externalizing and internalizing behavior in their young children, as depicted in hypothetical scenarios. Mothers' responses were coded according to a coding system of parental attributions.

Results

We identified cultural specificity in Malaysian parents' attributions of children's behaviors, with mothers endorsing reasons for children's maladaptive externalizing and internalizing behaviors that were not previously captured by the existing coding system. Mothers' attributions were informed by religious and spiritual beliefs.

Conclusions

Parents' causal attributions for children's maladaptive behaviors are culturally specific and are best captured by open-ended approaches.

Implications

Cultural frames of reference shape parental beliefs, which are crucial to the effective formulation of early intervention and prevention approaches. Caution should be taken in general against universally operationalizing parents' attributions of children's behaviors.

这项研究深入探讨了文化信仰如何影响父母对幼儿不良外化和内化行为的因果归因。了解来自不同文化背景的父母如何解释幼儿的不良行为，可以为早期干预和预防提供文化敏感性方法。迄今为止，有关马来西亚父母对幼儿适应不良行为的因果归因的研究很少受到实证关注。我们采用半结构式访谈法，评估马来西亚母亲（N = 16）在假设情景中对其幼儿适应不良的外化和内化行为做出的开放式解释。我们发现了马来西亚父母对子女行为归因的文化特异性，母亲们对子女适应不良的外化和内化行为的原因的认可，是现有编码系统以前没有捕捉到的。母亲的归因受到宗教和精神信仰的影响。父母对儿童适应不良行为的因果归因具有特定的文化背景，最好采用开放式的方法来捕捉。文化参照框架塑造了父母的信仰，这对有效制定早期干预和预防方法至关重要。一般来说，应谨慎对待普遍操作父母对儿童行为的归因。

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引用次数: 0

The educational resources and needs of mothers of preschool children from two socioeconomic levels 来自两个社会经济阶层的学龄前儿童的母亲的教育资源和需求

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1111/fare.13049

Senem Han-Uysal, Zeynep Kızıltepe, Sibel Akmehmet-Şekerler, Aylin Buran

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the educational resources and needs of mothers of children aged 60 to 72 months and the differences between those of high and low socioeconomic status (SES).

Background

Parents have a crucial impact on their children's development in the preschool years. Mothers are especially challenged by the variety of information sources available and struggle with parenting decisions.

Method

Thirty-three structured interviews with mothers were carried out in one private and one public school, representing high and low SES, respectively.

Findings

Between the two SES groups, both similarities and differences were observed in terms of their educational resources and needs. The following themes emerged in the study: general sources of parenting information, challenges, the first source to consult when problems occur, topics preferred in a parent education program, and the phase of maternity in which they preferred to receive training. The two SES groups were similar in terms of their main challenges, the topics preferred in a parent education program, and the phase of maternity in which they preferred to receive education. Differences were observed in terms of the sources of parenting information, the first source to consult when problems occur, and some of the preferred topics of a parent education program.

Implications

These findings may be useful in revisiting existing parent education programs, or in creating new ones, for the caregivers of preschool children.

本研究旨在调查 60 至 72 个月大儿童的母亲的教育资源和需求，以及高社会经济地位（SES）母亲和低社会经济地位母亲之间的差异。在一所私立学校和一所公立学校，分别对社会经济地位高和社会经济地位低的母亲进行了 33 次结构化访谈，发现这两个社会经济地位群体在教育资源和需求方面既有相似之处，也有不同之处。研究中出现了以下主题：育儿信息的一般来源、面临的挑战、出现问题时首先咨询的来源、家长教育计划中的首选主题以及他们首选接受培训的孕产阶段。两个社会经济地位组别在主要挑战、家长教育计划中的首选主题以及孕产期首选接受教育的阶段方面相似。这些发现可能有助于重新审视现有的家长教育计划，或为学龄前儿童的看护者制定新的计划。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding marital stability through work–family experiences in proximal and distal contexts: Comparing United States and Japan 通过近端和远端背景下的工作-家庭经历了解婚姻稳定性：美国与日本的比较

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1111/fare.13043

Chengfei Jiao, Joseph G. Grzywacz

Objective

Guided by Gottman's framework of marital stability and the ecological theories, the present study aims to understand the relationships between work–family spillover and marital stability within two levels of context—the relational and social cultural contexts.

Background

The relational context of marriage is manifested by spousal relationships—spousal support and strain, which would moderate the relationship between work–family spillover and marital stability. Identified relationships also unfold within sociocultural contexts.

Method

This study uses data from the Midlife in the United States 2 (MIDUS 2) and Midlife in Japan (MIDJA) projects to explore these dynamics. The current study involved 500 Japanese and 1,800 American participants who were married and employed at the time of data collection.

Results

Results from multigroup path models revealed cultural differences. The relational context—spousal support and strain—played moderating roles in the associations between work–family spillover and marital stability in both countries. However, distinct sociocultural patterns emerged as spousal strain showed a stronger association among Japanese participants, whereas spousal support was more prominent among Americans in relation to marital stability.

Conclusion

The results support Gottman's contention that positive and negative features of marriage are related to marital stability directly and indirectly by shaping the impacts of work–family spillover and sociocultural expectations of work and family.

Implications

Practitioners and organizations should recognize the role of spouses in addressing the negative effects of work–family spillover in marriage, as well as incorporating clients' or employees' cultural backgrounds when addressing marital concerns.

在戈特曼的婚姻稳定性框架和生态理论指导下，本研究旨在了解工作-家庭外溢与婚姻稳定性之间在两个层面上的关系--关系背景和社会文化背景--中的关系背景表现为配偶关系--配偶支持和压力，这将缓和工作-家庭外溢与婚姻稳定性之间的关系。本研究利用美国中年2（MIDUS 2）和日本中年（MIDJA）项目的数据来探讨这些动态关系。本研究涉及 500 名日本参与者和 1800 名美国参与者，他们在收集数据时均已婚并有工作。在这两个国家，关系背景--配偶支持和压力--在工作-家庭溢出效应与婚姻稳定性之间的关联中起着调节作用。这些结果支持了戈特曼的观点，即婚姻的积极和消极特征通过影响工作-家庭溢出效应和社会文化对工作和家庭的期望，直接或间接地与婚姻稳定性相关。从业人员和机构应认识到配偶在解决婚姻中工作-家庭外溢的负面影响方面所扮演的角色，并在解决婚姻问题时融入客户或员工的文化背景。

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引用次数: 0

Latent profiles of dyadic parent–child interaction and associations with triadic family interaction in early childhood 二元亲子互动的潜在特征以及与幼儿期三元家庭互动的关联

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1111/fare.13041

Johanna Lindstedt, Sari Ahlqvist-Björkroth, Niina Junttila, Riikka Korja

Objective

This longitudinal study examined latent profiles of parent–child interaction and their associations with triadic family interaction.

Background

A child's development is significantly influenced by early family relationships. Family systems theory emphasizes the interrelations between family subsystems, such as parent–child and parent–parent relationships, as well as the family as a whole. However, few studies have examined the relationship between each parent–child dyad and triadic family interaction.

Method

Fathers and mothers were separately videotaped interacting with their child (n = 120) at 4 and 18 months and assessed using the Parent–Child Early Relational Assessment. Triadic family interaction was evaluated at 18 months using the Family Alliance Assessment Scale within a Lausanne Trilogue Play setting.

Results

Four latent profiles of parent–child interaction were identified. Dyadic interaction that was characterized by reciprocity, positive affect, and low negativity was associated with higher family coordination. However, interaction characterized by a lack of reciprocity, negativity, and dyadic tension was related to less coordinated triadic family interaction.

Conclusions

Well-functioning parent–child interaction contributes to higher-quality triadic family interaction. In contrast, challenges in early father–child interaction, including emotional distance, a lack of positive paternal involvement, and limited mutual engagement, are linked to lower-quality triadic family interaction.

Implications

This study highlights the importance of supporting early parent–child relationships to promote well-functioning and coordinated triadic family interaction, and the inclusion of fathers in interventions aiming to improve family dynamics.

这项纵向研究考察了亲子互动的潜在特征及其与三位一体家庭互动的关联。家庭系统理论强调家庭子系统（如亲子关系和亲子关系）以及家庭整体之间的相互关系。在 4 个月和 18 个月时，分别对父亲和母亲与孩子（120 人）的互动进行录像，并使用亲子早期关系评估进行评估。在洛桑三人游戏环境中，使用家庭联盟评估量表（Family Alliance Assessment Scale）对 18 个月大时的三人家庭互动进行评估。以互惠、积极情绪和低消极性为特征的二元互动与较高的家庭协调性相关。然而，以缺乏互惠性、消极性和紧张性为特征的互动与协调性较差的三方家庭互动有关。与此相反，早期父子互动中的挑战，包括情感距离、缺乏积极的父亲参与和有限的相互参与，都与较低质量的三结合家庭互动有关。这项研究强调了支持早期亲子关系以促进功能良好和协调的三结合家庭互动的重要性，以及将父亲纳入旨在改善家庭动态的干预措施中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Do more egalitarian men experience less union dissolution? A couple-level analysis 更平等的男性经历的婚姻解体更少吗？夫妻层面的分析

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/fare.13039

Liat Raz-Yurovich, Barbara S. Okun, Matanel Ben-Avi

Objective

We consider whether heterosexual unions in which male partners are more gender egalitarian experience less union dissolution.

Background

Gender revolution theory argues that as men become more egalitarian in their attitudes and behaviors, female partners experience reduced work–family conflict, and couples enjoy more stable partnerships. In contrast, the “flip side” perspective argues that consequences of men's increased egalitarian behavior for their own experience of role incompatibility may counterbalance effects on union stability.

Method

Analyzing a sample of roughly 46,600 women-years from the British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society (1993–2019), we estimate random-intercept and fixed-effects models of union dissolution. Explanatory variables include, for each partner, measures of egalitarianism in gender role attitudes and weekly housework hours.

Results

Odds of union dissolution are not associated with men's absolute level of egalitarian attitudes, but they are higher when men's attitudes are less egalitarian than their partner's. Neither the absolute number of men's housework hours, nor their share of total housework, is associated with the odds of dissolution.

Conclusions

Our findings are not generally supportive of gender revolution theory. Counterbalancing effects may provide an explanation for the findings, as per the flip side approach.

Implications

Taking a couple-level perspective advances understanding of the associations between gender egalitarianism and union dissolution.

性别革命理论认为，随着男性在态度和行为上变得更加平等，女性伴侣会减少工作与家庭的冲突，夫妻关系也会更加稳定。与此相反，"反面 "观点认为，男性平等主义行为的增加对其自身角色不相容的影响可能会抵消对婚姻稳定性的影响。我们分析了英国家庭面板调查和了解社会（1993-2019 年）中约 46,600 个妇女年的样本，估计了婚姻解体的随机截距和固定效应模型。解体几率与男性平等主义态度的绝对水平无关，但当男性的平等主义态度低于其伴侣时，解体几率会更高。无论是男性家务劳动的绝对时数，还是他们在全部家务劳动中所占的比例，都与解体的几率无关。我们的研究结果总体上并不支持性别革命理论，正如 "反面 "研究方法一样，平衡效应可以解释这些研究结果。

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引用次数: 0

Family-building desires among adopted adolescents with lesbian, gay, and heterosexual parents 父母为女同性恋、男同性恋和异性恋的被收养青少年的家庭建设愿望

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/fare.13042

Abbie E. Goldberg, Lea Silvert, Rachel H. Farr

Objective

This study qualitatively examined family-building desires of diverse adopted adolescents.

Background

Research on parenting aspirations has rarely included youth with LGBTQ+ parents and/or from adoptive families. Understanding diverse adopted adolescents' feelings about parenthood may yield insights regarding identity and ideas about family.

Methods

We conducted a thematic analysis of interview data from 48 adopted adolescents (27 were LGBTQ+) in the United States, aged 13 to 18, from lesbian, gay, and heterosexual two-parent families.

Results

Most adolescents desired future parenthood, after achieving other normative milestones, and they typically did not feel familial or societal pressure to become parents. LGBTQ+ participants showed a preference for adoption while transracially adopted adolescents preferred biological parenthood.

Conclusion

Guided by developmental approaches about identity and adoption, as well as queer family theory, we found that teenagers adopted by lesbian, gay, and heterosexual couples generally envisioned parenthood for themselves. Plans to do so varied by minoritized gender, sexual, and racial/ethnic identities. Thus, an intersectional perspective is imperative to understand youths' thoughts about family building.

Implications

Our findings reveal insights into adopted adolescents' constructed future identities. Practitioners' understanding of adopted adolescents' development and future planning may be enhanced when adolescents' perspectives are considered.

有关养育子女愿望的研究很少包括父母为 LGBTQ+ 的青少年和/或来自收养家庭的青少年。我们对来自美国的 48 名被收养的青少年（其中 27 人为 LGBTQ+）的访谈数据进行了主题分析，这些青少年年龄在 13 到 18 岁之间，分别来自女同性恋、男同性恋和异性恋双亲家庭。在有关身份和收养的发展方法以及同性恋家庭理论的指导下，我们发现被女同性恋、男同性恋和异性恋夫妇收养的青少年一般都希望自己成为父母。不同的性别、性取向和种族/民族身份，他们的计划也不尽相同。我们的研究结果揭示了被收养青少年构建未来身份的深刻见解。我们的研究结果揭示了被收养青少年构建未来身份的见解，如果考虑到青少年的观点，从业人员对被收养青少年的发展和未来规划的理解可能会有所提高。

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