Family Relations最新文献_第9页

Normal for me, not for others: Experiences of young adults born to “advanced-age” parents 这对我来说很正常，但对其他人来说不太正常：父母“高龄”的年轻人的经历

IF 1.8 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/fare.70012

Kato Verghote, Steven Piek, Andrea Martani, Guido Pennings, Veerle Provoost

Objective

This study sought to qualitatively explore the lived experiences of young adults who grew up with advanced-age parents in Belgium.

Background

The average age at which men and women have children has increased. This has given rise to concerns about the offspring, including the possibility of growing up with severely ill parents or experiencing parental death at a young age. However, the debate largely neglects the lived experiences and perspectives of the children.

Method

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 young adults (aged 18–30 years), predominantly college students, who were born to at least one advanced-age parent (40+ years at the time of their child's birth). The interviews were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

Three main themes were identified. First, participants typically viewed their parents as “normal” and attached little significance to their parents' age. Second, social events repeatedly contradicted the participants' perceptions of normality. Finally, for several participants, age differences were informative in assessing their family ties.

Conclusion

The young adults in this study were impelled to navigate the tension between their sense of normality and societal norms that challenged it.

Implications

Greater attention must be given to how children born to advanced-age parents are affected by social prejudice. Parental age is a factor that should be considered within the broader context of various family characteristics, and because family structures continue to diversify, it is paramount to further normalize this diversity in society.

目的本研究旨在定性地探讨比利时与高龄父母一起长大的年轻人的生活经历。男女生孩子的平均年龄有所增加。这引起了人们对后代的担忧，包括可能与患有严重疾病的父母一起长大，或在年轻时经历父母死亡。然而，这场辩论在很大程度上忽视了孩子们的生活经历和观点。方法对10名年龄在18-30岁的年轻人进行半结构化访谈，主要是大学生，他们的父母中至少有一方高龄（孩子出生时年龄在40岁以上）。访谈采用解释现象学分析进行分析。结果确定了三个主要主题。首先，参与者通常认为他们的父母是“正常的”，不太重视父母的年龄。第二，社会事件一再与参与者对正常的看法相矛盾。最后，对一些参与者来说，年龄差异在评估他们的家庭关系方面提供了信息。这项研究中的年轻人被迫在他们的正常感和挑战它的社会规范之间的紧张关系中导航。必须更加注意高龄父母所生的子女如何受到社会偏见的影响。父母年龄是一个应在各种家庭特征的更广泛背景下加以考虑的因素，由于家庭结构继续多样化，因此在社会上进一步使这种多样性正常化是至关重要的。

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引用次数: 0

Extended family relationships among older African American, Black Caribbean, and White Adults 老年非裔美国人、加勒比黑人和白人成年人之间的大家庭关系

IF 1.8 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/fare.70006

Robert Joseph Taylor, Xiaoling Xiang, Ann W. Nguyen, Weidi Qin

Objectives

This article examines a conceptual model of receiving and providing social support among older African Americans, Black Caribbean, and non-Latino Whites.

Background

Supportive exchanges are an important aspect of family relationships. This is especially true among older adults. Despite their importance, the mechanisms of extended family support are largely neglected in the research literature.

Method

The analysis is based on the older African American, Black Caribbean, and non-Latino White subsample of the 2001–2003 National Survey of American Life (n = 1,439). Multiple group structural equation modeling in Mplus was conducted to test direct and indirect effects of demographic and familial support variables on the receiving and providing social support with extended family members.

Results

We found that people who are emotionally close to their family invested more time in their family relationships, resulting in more frequent social interactions with family members. These frequent social interactions strengthen family ties and contribute to more frequent giving and providing support. Our analysis also indicated that these relationships were consistent across the three race/ethnicity populations, except for some differences among older Black Caribbeans.

Conclusion

Our findings support the family solidarity model. This work provides important information concerning how familial involvement is associated with extended family social support networks. Our analysis also shows the importance of examining ethnic differences within the Black American population.

Implications

It is important for practitioners to recognize that although African Americans and Black Caribbeans have many similarities, there are also important differences that are consequential for family support.

本研究探讨了老年非裔美国人、加勒比黑人和非拉丁裔白人接受和提供社会支持的概念模型。支持性交流是家庭关系的一个重要方面。这在老年人中尤其如此。尽管其重要性，机制的大家庭支持在很大程度上被忽视的研究文献。方法分析基于2001-2003年美国生活全国调查的老年非洲裔美国人、加勒比黑人和非拉丁裔白人子样本（n = 1439）。采用Mplus中的多群体结构方程模型，检验人口统计变量和家庭支持变量对大家庭成员接受和提供社会支持的直接和间接影响。结果我们发现，情感上与家庭关系亲近的人在家庭关系上投入的时间更多，与家庭成员的社交互动也更频繁。这些频繁的社会互动加强了家庭关系，并有助于更频繁地给予和提供支持。我们的分析还表明，除了年龄较大的加勒比黑人之间存在一些差异外，这些关系在三个种族/民族人群中是一致的。结论本研究结果支持家庭团结模型。这项工作提供了关于家庭参与如何与大家庭社会支持网络相关联的重要信息。我们的分析也显示了在美国黑人人口中研究种族差异的重要性。从业者必须认识到，尽管非洲裔美国人和加勒比黑人有许多相似之处，但也有重要的差异，这些差异对家庭支持产生了重要影响。

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引用次数: 0

Maternal phubbing and authoritative parenting: Latent profiles and associations with child behavioral outcomes 母亲低头症和权威教养：与儿童行为结果的潜在特征和关联

IF 1.8 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/fare.70004

Jingyao Wang, Wanjuan Weng, Yuke Fu, Mowei Liu, Bowen Xiao, Jie Li, Yan Li

Objective

This study aimed to identify different profiles of mothers based on phubbing and parenting and examined the effects of the different profiles on children's outcomes.

Background

Previous studies examined this mechanism via a variable-centered approach, assuming its relationship is linear, without exploring the underlying typology of parents with various phubbing and parenting.

Method

From Shanghai kindergartens, 970 mothers of children aged 3–6 years were recruited. Participants completed the measures (administered via an online survey website) of parental phubbing, parenting style, and children's outcomes. The study identified subgroups by maternal authoritativeness and phubbing using latent profile analysis.

Results

Three profiles emerged: low-level (11.13%), medium-level (39.38%), and high-level (49.48%) child-centered parenting. Low-level mothers who displayed the most phubbing and least authoritativeness reported their children faced more behavioral difficulties.

Conclusion

The findings imply remarkable between-group differences in parental phubbing and authoritative parenting. High-level child-centered parenting contributes to reducing children's behavioral difficulties and increasing their strengths.

Implications

This study emphasizes the blending influence of parental media use and child-rearing behaviors on children's outcomes in Chinese families.

目的本研究旨在识别基于低头癖和育儿方式的母亲的不同特征，并探讨不同特征对儿童结局的影响。以前的研究通过以变量为中心的方法来研究这一机制，假设其关系是线性的，而没有探索具有不同低头行为和养育方式的父母的潜在类型。方法从上海幼儿园招募3 ~ 6岁幼儿母亲970名。参与者完成了父母低头、父母教养方式和孩子的结果的测量（通过在线调查网站管理）。本研究通过母亲的权威性和潜在性分析来确定亚群。结果出现了低水平（11.13%）、中水平（39.38%）和高水平（49.48%）以孩子为中心的教养方式。表现出最低头和最不权威的低级别母亲报告说，她们的孩子面临更多的行为困难。结论父母低头行为和权威型育儿行为在组间存在显著差异。高水平的以儿童为中心的养育有助于减少儿童的行为困难和增加他们的长处。本研究强调父母媒体使用和子女养育行为对中国家庭子女发展的混合影响。

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引用次数: 0

The role of contextual factors in associations between parents' emotion socialization and children's mental health 情境因素在父母情绪社会化与儿童心理健康关系中的作用

IF 1.8 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1111/fare.70005

Michelle L. Benstead, Gabriella L. King, Elizabeth M. Westrupp

Objective

We aimed to investigate whether parent and child gender and child age moderated parents' emotion socialization and subsequent child mental health outcomes.

Background

Children's emotion competence is shaped by parents' emotion socialization processes, including parents' beliefs about children's emotions and emotion-related parenting practices. Evidence suggests that contextual, that is, parent, and child factors, shape parents' emotion socialization.

Method

Participants were drawn from the Child and Parent Emotion Study. The sample consisted of N = 1,794 parents (67% mothers) of children aged 1–9 years. Parents completed self-report surveys in 2019 and 2020. Using Stata, several univariate and multivariate regression models with interactions were tested.

Results

Fathers reported lower levels of emotion coaching practices and beliefs, and higher levels of emotion dismissing practices and beliefs. Parents of toddlers were less likely to endorse the beliefs that children can control their emotions, autonomously. No other evidence was found for moderating effects of child age or parent and child gender. Emotion dismissing parenting was associated with children's depression symptoms and behavioral problems, and emotion coaching parenting was associated with lower levels of children's behavioral problems, although these associations attenuated in adjusted models.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that certain beliefs about emotions change across different periods of child development, and that fathers are at greater risk for maladaptive emotion socialization.

Implications

Fathers play an important role in children's emotion development. Our findings provide further evidence that offering fathers tailored support may help improve familial outcomes. Our findings also highlight that offering parents education and support after toddlerhood is important; children experience unique milestones and challenges to their emotion regulation after toddlerhood.

目的探讨父母和儿童性别、儿童年龄是否会影响父母的情绪社会化和随后的儿童心理健康结果。儿童情绪能力的形成受父母情绪社会化过程的影响，包括父母对儿童情绪的信念和与情绪相关的养育行为。有证据表明，情境因素，即父母和孩子因素，塑造了父母的情感社会化。方法从“儿童与父母情绪研究”中抽取参与者。样本包括N = 1794名1-9岁儿童的父母（67%为母亲）。家长们分别在2019年和2020年完成了自我报告调查。使用Stata对多个单变量和多变量回归模型进行了相互作用检验。结果父亲的情绪指导实践和信念水平较低，而情绪拒绝实践和信念水平较高。幼儿的父母不太可能认同孩子可以自主控制情绪的观点。没有其他证据表明儿童年龄或父母和儿童性别的调节作用。情绪忽视型父母与孩子的抑郁症状和行为问题有关，而情绪指导型父母与孩子的行为问题水平较低有关，尽管这些关联在调整后的模型中减弱了。结论我们的研究结果表明，在儿童发展的不同时期，情绪的某些信念会发生变化，父亲发生情绪社会化不良的风险更大。父亲在儿童的情感发展中起着重要的作用。我们的研究结果进一步证明，为父亲提供量身定制的支持可能有助于改善家庭结果。我们的研究结果还强调，在幼儿期后为父母提供教育和支持是重要的；儿童经历了独特的里程碑和挑战后，他们的情绪调节。

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引用次数: 0

The relationship between partner phubbing and parental phubbing among Chinese couples 中国夫妻中伴侣低头与父母低头的关系

IF 1.8 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/fare.13201

Mengge Li, Tingting Song, Jirui Wang, Peng Ma, Qingwei Chen, Taotao Ru, Guofu Zhou

Objective

Grounded in family systems theory and interdependence theory, this study examines the associations between partner phubbing and parental phubbing, with marital satisfaction as a mediator.

Background

In recent years, researchers have delved into the adverse effects of parental phubbing, yet studies investigating its underlying mechanisms remain scarce. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for developing effective interventions.

Method

The study used two-wave longitudinal data and administered questionnaires to assess 436 husband–wife dyads in China. The average age of husbands was 42.32 years (SD = 4.77), and wives were 40.86 years old (SD = 4.88).

Results

The results showed that wives' parental phubbing was directly influenced by both wives' and husbands' partner phubbing, In contrast, husbands' parental phubbing showed no significant relationship with their own or their wives' partner phubbing. Furthermore, wives' marital satisfaction mediated the link between husbands' partner phubbing and wives' parental phubbing.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the significance of partner phubbing in shaping parenting behavior, with differences observed between husbands and wives.

Implications

The findings have important implications for practices and research that focus on the interplay of phubbing within family subsystems and adopt a familial dynamics perspective.

目的以家庭系统理论和相互依赖理论为基础，以婚姻满意度为中介，探讨伴侣低头和父母低头之间的关系。近年来，研究人员深入研究了父母低头症的不良影响，但调查其潜在机制的研究仍然很少。了解这些机制对于制定有效的干预措施至关重要。方法采用双波纵向数据法和问卷调查法对全国436对夫妻进行调查。丈夫平均年龄42.32岁（SD = 4.77），妻子平均年龄40.86岁（SD = 4.88）。结果妻子的父母低头行为直接受到妻子和丈夫的伴侣低头行为的影响，而丈夫的父母低头行为与自己和妻子的伴侣低头行为没有显著关系。此外，妻子的婚姻满意度在丈夫的伴侣低头和妻子的父母低头之间起到中介作用。结论：研究结果强调了伴侣低头在塑造父母行为方面的重要性，在丈夫和妻子之间观察到差异。该研究结果对关注低头行为在家庭子系统中的相互作用并采用家庭动力学观点的实践和研究具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Paternal child-focused reflective functioning, parental sense of competence, and parental emotions recognition 父亲以孩子为中心的反思功能，父母的能力感和父母的情绪识别

IF 1.8 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1111/fare.70002

Annalisa Levante, Chiara Martis, Martina Gemma, Flavia Lecciso

Objective

We tested whether each dimension of the child-focused Reflective Functioning (i.e., prementalizing, certainty about, and interest/curiosity about the child's mental states) impacts the ability to recognize the child's emotions through the sense of competence.

Background

Child-focused reflective functioning is the parental ability to keep in mind their child's mental state. This parental ability is associated with recognizing the child's emotional states and sense of competence.

Method

One hundred forty-four Italian fathers, M_yo(SD) = 38.62(6.6), solely of 3- to 5-year-old children, M_yo(SD) = 3.34(1.91), filled out an e-survey.

Results

Results revealed a total and an indirect effect considering the potential predictive role of the certainty, interest, and curiosity dimensions, respectively.

Conclusion

Findings highlighted that fathers of older and full-term children showed a high sense of competence and emotional recognition ability.

Implications

Results encourage parent coaching programs to improve fathers' awareness of the opacity of their child's mental state, providing new directions for interventions to improve overall family well-being.

目的研究以儿童为中心的反思功能的各个维度（即对儿童心理状态的预知性、确定性和兴趣/好奇心）是否影响通过能力感识别儿童情绪的能力。以孩子为中心的反思功能是父母记住孩子精神状态的能力。这种父母的能力与认识孩子的情绪状态和能力感有关。方法144名意大利父亲，Myo(SD) = 38.62(6.6)，仅为3 ~ 5岁儿童，Myo(SD) = 3.34(1.91)，填写电子问卷。结果考虑确定性、兴趣和好奇心维度的潜在预测作用，结果显示了总效应和间接效应。结论大龄和足月儿的父亲表现出较高的胜任感和情绪识别能力。结果鼓励家长辅导项目提高父亲对孩子心理状态不透明的认识，为改善整体家庭福祉的干预提供了新的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Intergenerational and digital solidarity and psychological well-being: During and post–COVID-19 pandemic in Korean families 代际和数字团结与心理健康：在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间和之后的韩国家庭

IF 1.8 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1111/fare.70003

Woosang Hwang

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine changes in intergenerational and digital solidarity latent classes among older parent–adult child dyads from the COVID-19 pandemic to post-pandemic and how transition patterns of solidarity latent classes are associated with their psychological well-being—life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem—in post-pandemic South Korea.

Background

Although intergenerational solidarity and psychological well-being have been mainly investigated in cross-sectional studies, the longitudinal relationship between the two variables in the pandemic period is unclear.

Method

Using 326 older parent–adult child dyads from 2022 (during the pandemic) and 2023 (post-pandemic) surveys, latent class analysis and latent transition analysis with a three-step approach were conducted.

Results

Results showed that three solidarity latent classes (tight-knit traditional, distant-but-digitally connected, and conflictual) were uncovered among older parent–adult child dyads in both 2022 and 2023 surveys. In addition, parent–child dyads with tight-knit traditional relationships during and post-pandemic reported better psychological well-being post-pandemic than those with conflictual relationships. Notably, the above results were more evident in adult children's psychological well-being than in older parents.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that strong solidarity during and after the pandemic is more beneficial for adult children's psychological well-being than for older parents in the post-pandemic period. Additionally, the findings indicate that digital communication may not replace in-person contact after the pandemic.

本研究的目的是研究从COVID-19大流行到大流行后，韩国老年父母-成年子女对代际和数字团结潜在阶层的变化，以及团结潜在阶层的过渡模式如何与他们的心理健康（生活满意度、抑郁症状和自尊）相关。虽然代际团结和心理健康主要在横断面研究中进行调查，但这两个变量在大流行期间的纵向关系尚不清楚。方法利用2022年（大流行期间）和2023年（大流行后）调查的326对老年亲子对，采用三步法进行潜在分类分析和潜在转移分析。结果表明，在2022年和2023年的调查中，在年长的父母-成年子女中发现了三个团结潜在阶层（紧密结合的传统阶层、疏远但数字化连接的阶层和冲突阶层）。此外，在大流行期间和大流行后，拥有紧密传统关系的父母-子女在大流行后的心理健康状况比那些关系冲突的父母-子女在大流行后的心理健康状况更好。值得注意的是，上述结果在成年子女的心理健康中比在老年父母中更为明显。这些发现表明，在大流行期间和之后，与大流行后时期的老年父母相比，强大的团结对成年子女的心理健康更有益。此外，调查结果表明，大流行后，数字通信可能不会取代面对面接触。

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引用次数: 0

Parent–child contact during placement and mental health: A meta-analysis 安置期间亲子接触与心理健康：一项荟萃分析

IF 1.8 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/fare.13204

Camille Danner Touati, Aino E. Sirparanta, Karine Dubois-Comtois, Emylie Giguère, Raphaële Miljkovitch

Objective

This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize research findings on the association between contact with biological parents and mental health in the context of out-of-home care.

Background

Although contact with biological parents is the primary intervention for maintaining the relationship with placed children, the consequences on child mental health are still unknown.

Method

Six electronic databases were searched for published and unpublished studies and dissertations.

Results

Twenty studies comprising 96 effect sizes (N = 5,276) were included. Findings from a three-level random effects meta-analysis revealed that the combined effect of contact with biological parents on mental health was not significant (k = 20, u = 96, r = .02). Moderation analyses revealed weaker effect sizes in samples with greater proportions of children who were physically abused or placed in nonrelative foster care. Conversely, parental visitation was more strongly associated with mental health outcomes in samples in which frequency of contact was at least weekly.

Conclusion

Regular parental visitation (at least weekly) is associated with better mental health outcomes. However, the benefits of parental visitation are reduced among physically abused children and those placed in nonrelative foster care.

Implications

Moderator analyses suggest that considering parental visitation to be beneficial for children is an oversimplification. Instead, child welfare services should prioritize examination of factors associated with positive parent–child contact for optimal visitation measures.

目的本荟萃分析旨在综合家庭外护理背景下与亲生父母接触与心理健康关系的研究结果。背景：虽然与亲生父母接触是维持与被安置儿童关系的主要干预措施，但对儿童心理健康的影响尚不清楚。方法检索6个电子数据库中已发表和未发表的研究和论文。结果纳入20项研究，共96个效应量（N = 5276）。三水平随机效应荟萃分析结果显示，与亲生父母接触对心理健康的综合影响不显著（k = 20, u = 96, r = 0.02）。适度分析显示，在受到身体虐待或被置于非亲属寄养的儿童比例较大的样本中，效应值较弱。相反，在接触频率至少为每周一次的样本中，父母探视与心理健康结果的关系更为密切。结论定期父母探视（至少每周一次）与较好的心理健康状况相关。然而，父母探视的好处在身体受虐待的儿童和那些被安置在非亲属寄养的儿童中有所减少。影响调节分析表明，认为父母探视对孩子有益是一种过度简化。相反，儿童福利服务机构应该优先审查与积极的亲子接触有关的因素，以获得最佳的探视措施。

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引用次数: 0

From parenting self-efficacy to child externalizing problems: The role of perceived parent stress and practices 从父母自我效能感到孩子外化问题：感知父母压力和实践的作用

IF 1.8 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/fare.70000

Ionut Stelian Florean, Anca Dobrean, Robert Balazsi

Objective

This preliminary study proposed and tested the plausibility of a model in which the relationship between parenting self-efficacy (PSE) and children's externalizing problems is serially mediated by perceived parent stress (PPS) and inconsistent discipline.

Method

The participants were Romanian parents (N = 749) of children and adolescents (4–17 years old), who filled in the assessments online. Data collection took place between December 2020 and June 2021 when the schools had moved mostly online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The models were tested via structural equation modeling, and the analyses were conducted in RStudio.

Results

The main findings are that the relationship between PSE and the externalizing problems of children are serially mediated by PPS and inconsistent discipline. Furthermore, the direct paths to externalizing problems were all significant. PSE, PPS, and inconsistent discipline explained a large percentage of variance in the externalizing problems (i.e., R² = .45). Path coefficients were estimated controlling for the possible confounding effect of demographic variables such as age of children and parents, parents' income, parents' education level, and number of children.

Implications

The findings enhance our understanding of the dynamics between parenting variables and children's externalizing problems, addressing a gap in the literature. They also emphasize the importance of targeting multiple parenting variables, such as PSE and inconsistent discipline, to optimize parenting intervention outcomes in reducing externalizing problems.

Conclusion

Our findings support the role of PPSs and inconsistent discipline as potential mechanisms linking PSE and child externalizing problems.

目的提出并检验父母自我效能感（PSE）与儿童外化问题之间的关系在父母压力感知（PPS）和不一致管教的连续调节下的可行性模型。方法选取罗马尼亚4 ~ 17岁儿童青少年家长749名，在线填写问卷。数据收集是在2020年12月至2021年6月期间进行的，当时由于COVID-19大流行，学校大部分都搬到了网上。通过结构方程建模对模型进行检验，并在RStudio中进行分析。结果研究发现，PSE与儿童外化问题之间的关系是由PPS和不一致管教依次介导的。此外，外部化问题的直接途径都很重要。PSE、PPS和不一致的纪律解释了外部化问题中很大比例的方差（即R2 = 0.45）。估计路径系数，控制可能的混淆效应的人口变量，如儿童和父母的年龄，父母的收入，父母的教育水平，和子女的数量。研究结果增强了我们对养育变量与儿童外化问题之间动态关系的理解，解决了文献中的空白。他们还强调了针对多重育儿变量的重要性，如PSE和不一致的纪律，以优化育儿干预结果，减少外化问题。结论：我们的研究结果支持了PSE和不一致的纪律是连接PSE和儿童外化问题的潜在机制。

{"title":"From parenting self-efficacy to child externalizing problems: The role of perceived parent stress and practices","authors":"Ionut Stelian Florean, Anca Dobrean, Robert Balazsi","doi":"10.1111/fare.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This preliminary study proposed and tested the plausibility of a model in which the relationship between parenting self-efficacy (PSE) and children's externalizing problems is serially mediated by perceived parent stress (PPS) and inconsistent discipline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The participants were Romanian parents (<i>N</i> = 749) of children and adolescents (4–17 years old), who filled in the assessments online. Data collection took place between December 2020 and June 2021 when the schools had moved mostly online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The models were tested via structural equation modeling, and the analyses were conducted in RStudio.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The main findings are that the relationship between PSE and the externalizing problems of children are serially mediated by PPS and inconsistent discipline. Furthermore, the direct paths to externalizing problems were all significant. PSE, PPS, and inconsistent discipline explained a large percentage of variance in the externalizing problems (i.e., <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .45). Path coefficients were estimated controlling for the possible confounding effect of demographic variables such as age of children and parents, parents' income, parents' education level, and number of children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings enhance our understanding of the dynamics between parenting variables and children's externalizing problems, addressing a gap in the literature. They also emphasize the importance of targeting multiple parenting variables, such as PSE and inconsistent discipline, to optimize parenting intervention outcomes in reducing externalizing problems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings support the role of PPSs and inconsistent discipline as potential mechanisms linking PSE and child externalizing problems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 4","pages":"2185-2200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/fare.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The longitudinal psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregivers with young children COVID-19大流行对幼儿照顾者的纵向心理影响

IF 1.8 3区社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES

Family Relations

Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/fare.13202

Casey Mullins, Mary Anne Ullery, Carolina Mallar, Rebecca Bulotsky-Shearer, Julieta Hernandez, Michelle Berkovits, Jason Jent, Alan M. Delamater, Ruby Natale

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregivers of young children in communities of color.

Background

COVID-19 has disproportionately affected people of color, with adverse impacts on family functioning and well-being. However, few studies have examined the longer-term psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of caregivers of young children. As of the 2020 Census, Miami-Dade County was home to almost 130,000 young children ages 0–5, has a minority-majority population, and was an epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

Data from the COVID Risk and Resilience Survey collected over a 2-year period were used to conduct a path analysis predicting caregiver depression and anxiety in 2022 from caregiver stress and child behavioral problems in March 2020 and caregiver self-efficacy and use of coping skills in June 2020. The final model included 325 participants.

Results

The results suggest that caregiver experiences of stress and behavioral concerns for their children in the early COVID-19 pandemic affected their mental health after 2 years, but caregiver use of effective coping strategies helped reduce their later anxiety and depression symptoms.

Conclusion

COVID-19 had significant psychological impacts on caregivers of young children.

Implications

Understanding the impact of the pandemic on families can help community organizations and schools develop policies to better meet the longer-term needs of families with young children during pandemics and other widespread stressful events.

目的本研究旨在探讨COVID-19大流行对有色人种社区幼儿照顾者的纵向心理影响。背景2019冠状病毒病对有色人种的影响尤为严重，对家庭功能和福祉产生了不利影响。然而，很少有研究调查了COVID-19大流行对幼儿照顾者心理健康的长期心理影响。截至2020年人口普查，迈阿密-戴德县有近13万名0-5岁的幼儿，人口占少数，是COVID-19大流行的中心。方法利用2年多时间收集的COVID风险和复原力调查数据，从2020年3月的照顾者压力和儿童行为问题，到2020年6月的照顾者自我效能感和应对技能的使用，对2022年照顾者抑郁和焦虑进行路径分析。最终的模型包括325名参与者。结果表明，在COVID-19大流行早期，照顾者对孩子的压力经历和行为担忧影响了他们2年后的心理健康，但照顾者使用有效的应对策略有助于减少他们后来的焦虑和抑郁症状。结论新冠肺炎对幼儿照顾者的心理影响显著。了解大流行对家庭的影响可以帮助社区组织和学校制定政策，更好地满足有幼儿的家庭在大流行和其他广泛的压力事件期间的长期需求。

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引用次数: 0