The aim of this study is to explore parents' reactions to their child's lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) identity by applying an existing theoretical framework of parent reactions to coming out.
Background
Because family rejection leads to a number of negative outcomes among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and/or questioning (LGBTQ) youth, understanding parent reactions is critical. There is a need to validate existing theoretical frameworks that capture parent reactions to LGBTQ disclosure.
Method
Using deductive thematic analysis, eight a priori themes and additional subthemes derived from the existing theoretical framework were used to analyze a convenience sample of 20 in-depth, parent interviews.
Results
The analysis demonstrated that the components of the theoretical framework that guided the study mostly mapped onto each transcript. One proposed change to the theoretical framework includes adding a pathway that demonstrates how parents who suspect their child is LGB do not necessarily engage in uncertainty reduction behaviors.
Conclusion
Findings from this study suggest that parents navigate through a series of processes when learning about and coming to accept their child's identity.
Implications
There is a need for future empirical studies to further refine and validate the existing theoretical framework.
{"title":"Parent reactions to coming out as lesbian, gay, or bisexual: Investigating a theoretical framework","authors":"Alison Chrisler","doi":"10.1111/fare.13150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13150","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study is to explore parents' reactions to their child's lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) identity by applying an existing theoretical framework of parent reactions to coming out.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Because family rejection leads to a number of negative outcomes among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and/or questioning (LGBTQ) youth, understanding parent reactions is critical. There is a need to validate existing theoretical frameworks that capture parent reactions to LGBTQ disclosure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using deductive thematic analysis, eight a priori themes and additional subthemes derived from the existing theoretical framework were used to analyze a convenience sample of 20 in-depth, parent interviews.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis demonstrated that the components of the theoretical framework that guided the study mostly mapped onto each transcript. One proposed change to the theoretical framework includes adding a pathway that demonstrates how parents who suspect their child is LGB do not necessarily engage in uncertainty reduction behaviors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings from this study suggest that parents navigate through a series of processes when learning about and coming to accept their child's identity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a need for future empirical studies to further refine and validate the existing theoretical framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 2","pages":"830-850"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study examined how work-from-home arrangements during the pandemic have influenced work–family conflict experienced by parents.
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries implemented full or partial lockdowns in which people were required or advised to work from home. These arrangements have considerably blurred the boundary between the domains of work and family and raise questions about how work-from-home arrangements during the pandemic have influenced work–family conflict experienced by parents.
Method
In 2021, this study collected survey data from a sample of working parents with young children in Hong Kong (N = 278). Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the association between working from home and the two forms of work–family conflict (i.e., work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict).
Results
The results of structural equation modeling found that working from home was associated with lower levels of work-to-family conflict, and such effects were observed for both mothers and fathers. However, working from home was found to have a nonsignificant association with family-to-work conflict. Instead, family-to-work conflict was affected by the spouse's work-from-home status, as higher levels of family-to-work conflict were detected when spouses were unable to use work-from-home arrangements.
Conclusion
This study indicates that working from home served as a family-friendly work option during the pandemic, despite the sudden and involuntary circumstances of its adoption.
Implications
The adoption of work-from-home arrangements during the pandemic led to a reduction in work–family conflict, and these positive effects of working from home hold significant policy implications for the post-pandemic era.
{"title":"Work-from-home arrangements and work–family conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Nahri Jung, Minseop Kim, Ying Zhou","doi":"10.1111/fare.13149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study examined how work-from-home arrangements during the pandemic have influenced work–family conflict experienced by parents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries implemented full or partial lockdowns in which people were required or advised to work from home. These arrangements have considerably blurred the boundary between the domains of work and family and raise questions about how work-from-home arrangements during the pandemic have influenced work–family conflict experienced by parents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2021, this study collected survey data from a sample of working parents with young children in Hong Kong (<i>N</i> = 278). Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the association between working from home and the two forms of work–family conflict (i.e., work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of structural equation modeling found that working from home was associated with lower levels of work-to-family conflict, and such effects were observed for both mothers and fathers. However, working from home was found to have a nonsignificant association with family-to-work conflict. Instead, family-to-work conflict was affected by the spouse's work-from-home status, as higher levels of family-to-work conflict were detected when spouses were unable to use work-from-home arrangements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study indicates that working from home served as a family-friendly work option during the pandemic, despite the sudden and involuntary circumstances of its adoption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The adoption of work-from-home arrangements during the pandemic led to a reduction in work–family conflict, and these positive effects of working from home hold significant policy implications for the post-pandemic era.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 2","pages":"658-673"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susan S. Chuang, Ching-Yu Huang, April C. T. Shen, Meihua Zhu, Bethany Wu, Agnes Ng, Joyce Y. Feng
Objective
The objective is to explore Chinese fathers' levels of involvement in their young children's lives in four geolocations: Canada, China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.
Background
Fathering research has been primarily based on Westernized populations, with a dearth on Chinese fathering. Within the limited studies on Chinese fathers, the influence of sociopolitical environments and geolocation has been overlooked, decontextualizing father involvement.
Method
The study included 273 fathers across four geolocations: Canada (n = 67), Mainland China (n = 56), Hong Kong (n = 47), and Taiwan (n = 103) using time diary data (two 24-hour accounts of their latest workday and weekend day). A series of repeated-measures analyses of covariance (Father Involvement treated as the repeated measures; covarying Fathers' Age and Levels of Education) were conducted to explore the nuances and similarities of father involvement.
Results
Fathers' levels of engagement (play, care) differed. Fathers from China reported spending the most time playing with their child than did other fathers. Taiwanese and Hong Kong fathers spent similar amounts of time playing with and caring for their children. Other father involvement dimensions also differed by geolocation.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that Chinese fathers cannot be “collapsed” into one group. Due to differing sociopolitical environments, fathers' involvement in various dimensions varied.
Implications
Chinese fathers are actively involved in their children's lives, contrary to the beliefs of fathers being “aloof and distant.” However, there are differences among Chinese fathers; thus, taking geolocation into account when providing programs and services is essential to Chinese communities.
{"title":"Father involvement among Chinese fathers in four geolocations: Exploring cultural nuances and similarities","authors":"Susan S. Chuang, Ching-Yu Huang, April C. T. Shen, Meihua Zhu, Bethany Wu, Agnes Ng, Joyce Y. Feng","doi":"10.1111/fare.13148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective is to explore Chinese fathers' levels of involvement in their young children's lives in four geolocations: Canada, China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fathering research has been primarily based on Westernized populations, with a dearth on Chinese fathering. Within the limited studies on Chinese fathers, the influence of sociopolitical environments and geolocation has been overlooked, decontextualizing father involvement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 273 fathers across four geolocations: Canada (<i>n</i> = 67), Mainland China (<i>n</i> = 56), Hong Kong (<i>n</i> = 47), and Taiwan (<i>n</i> = 103) using time diary data (two 24-hour accounts of their latest workday and weekend day). A series of repeated-measures analyses of covariance (Father Involvement treated as the repeated measures; covarying Fathers' Age and Levels of Education) were conducted to explore the nuances and similarities of father involvement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fathers' levels of engagement (play, care) differed. Fathers from China reported spending the most time playing with their child than did other fathers. Taiwanese and Hong Kong fathers spent similar amounts of time playing with and caring for their children. Other father involvement dimensions also differed by geolocation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings demonstrate that Chinese fathers cannot be “collapsed” into one group. Due to differing sociopolitical environments, fathers' involvement in various dimensions varied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chinese fathers are actively involved in their children's lives, contrary to the beliefs of fathers being “aloof and distant.” However, there are differences among Chinese fathers; thus, taking geolocation into account when providing programs and services is essential to Chinese communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 2","pages":"851-869"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analyze motherhood identities among middle- and working-class women in urban Bengal.
Background
Westernized societies encourage women to pursue careers and childrearing. Researchers examine this tension in diverse Western contexts and the Indian middle class. We add to existing work by comparing Indian women's motherhood ideologies across social class.
Methods
We use in-depth qualitative interviews with mothers in structured (i.e., middle-class) and unstructured (i.e., working-class) economic sectors.
Results
Economically privileged mothers diminished the importance of paid work and emphasized Western mothering strategies. Mothers in unstructured sectors drew on nation-building rhetoric to construct socially valued mothering identities.
Conclusions
Mainstream mothering approaches (i.e., popular images of childrearing by upper-class women) benefit patriarchal capitalist social structures by encouraging women to work for pay and take primary responsibility for home and family. Mothers' social class and status positions in historical and societal context(s) influence the tools (i.e., forms of capital) they have available to parent their children and construct valued mothering identities.
Implications
Strategies marginalized mothers use to construct mothering identities when faced with dominant exclusionary narratives of a “good mother” can be understood and used strategically. Embracing ideologies that allow women to maintain integrity in the face of stigmatization has transformative potential for policymaking and service provision.
{"title":"“An inner core feeling”?: Nationalism, Western capitalism, and Bengali women's class-based mothering ideologies","authors":"Heeya Datta, Sarah Becker","doi":"10.1111/fare.13147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyze motherhood identities among middle- and working-class women in urban Bengal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Westernized societies encourage women to pursue careers and childrearing. Researchers examine this tension in diverse Western contexts and the Indian middle class. We add to existing work by comparing Indian women's motherhood ideologies across social class.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We use in-depth qualitative interviews with mothers in structured (i.e., middle-class) and unstructured (i.e., working-class) economic sectors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Economically privileged mothers diminished the importance of paid work and emphasized Western mothering strategies. Mothers in unstructured sectors drew on nation-building rhetoric to construct socially valued mothering identities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mainstream mothering approaches (i.e., popular images of childrearing by upper-class women) benefit patriarchal capitalist social structures by encouraging women to work for pay and take primary responsibility for home and family. Mothers' social class and status positions in historical and societal context(s) influence the tools (i.e., forms of capital) they have available to parent their children and construct valued mothering identities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Strategies marginalized mothers use to construct mothering identities when faced with dominant exclusionary narratives of a “good mother” can be understood and used strategically. Embracing ideologies that allow women to maintain integrity in the face of stigmatization has transformative potential for policymaking and service provision.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 2","pages":"707-724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian D. Chan, Nancy E. Thacker Darrow, Antonio Duran
Objective
This study explored how queer and trans people of color (QTPOC) college students navigate complex family relationships and understand the contexts that shape their family bonds.
Background
QTPOC face myriad forces of oppression that complicate their notion of family. Family relationships of QTPOC also reveal cultural nuances in tandem with race, ethnicity, gender identity, and sexuality. For QTPOC college students, college can signify opportunities to create chosen family or navigate relationships with family of origin.
Method
Using a narrative inquiry methodology and the paradigm of intersectionality, this study involved the narratives of nine QTPOC college students using 18 interviews and nine journal entries to elaborate on how they experienced family relationships during college.
Results
Findings revealed complex cultural and family dynamics associated with race, sexual identity, and gender identity. The findings were exemplified in three themes: (a) Defining and Engaging Family as a Constantly Evolving Process; (b) Familial Impact on Identity Development; and (c) Salience of Intersection Between Racial Identity and LGBTQ+ Identity.
Conclusion
QTPOC college students experience a transitory period that heightens the salience of racism, genderism, and heterosexism and elicits complex negotiations between family of origin and chosen family. Some QTPOC college students renegotiate their notion of family to reinforce their racial, sexual, and gender identities.
Implications
It may be prudent for practitioners to consider how certain social identities may be rejected by certain family members and could lead to further types of distress. Practitioners can explore opportunities to maneuver family of origin and discover chosen family in collegiate settings, especially along the lines of race within LGBTQ+ communities.
{"title":"Complex family negotiations among queer and trans college students of color: A narrative inquiry","authors":"Christian D. Chan, Nancy E. Thacker Darrow, Antonio Duran","doi":"10.1111/fare.13137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explored how queer and trans people of color (QTPOC) college students navigate complex family relationships and understand the contexts that shape their family bonds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>QTPOC face myriad forces of oppression that complicate their notion of family. Family relationships of QTPOC also reveal cultural nuances in tandem with race, ethnicity, gender identity, and sexuality. For QTPOC college students, college can signify opportunities to create chosen family or navigate relationships with family of origin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a narrative inquiry methodology and the paradigm of intersectionality, this study involved the narratives of nine QTPOC college students using 18 interviews and nine journal entries to elaborate on how they experienced family relationships during college.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings revealed complex cultural and family dynamics associated with race, sexual identity, and gender identity. The findings were exemplified in three themes: (a) Defining and Engaging Family as a Constantly Evolving Process; (b) Familial Impact on Identity Development; and (c) Salience of Intersection Between Racial Identity and LGBTQ+ Identity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>QTPOC college students experience a transitory period that heightens the salience of racism, genderism, and heterosexism and elicits complex negotiations between family of origin and chosen family. Some QTPOC college students renegotiate their notion of family to reinforce their racial, sexual, and gender identities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It may be prudent for practitioners to consider how certain social identities may be rejected by certain family members and could lead to further types of distress. Practitioners can explore opportunities to maneuver family of origin and discover chosen family in collegiate settings, especially along the lines of race within LGBTQ+ communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 2","pages":"808-829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/fare.13137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study examines the link between nonstandard work schedules and parental distress in mothers and fathers during the transition to parenthood, examining coparenting as a moderator.
Background
Existing research suggests negative effects of nonstandard work schedules on employees' health. Such impact may be particularly strong among parents transitioning to parenthood, when family stress is high. Very little work has been done examining these linkages in mothers and fathers transitioning to parenthood.
Method
Parental reports of coparenting quality and distress (depressive, anxious, and hostile symptoms) were assessed in 124 parents at 6 months postpartum. The mean numbers of nonstandard work shifts were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months. Multiple regression was conducted to test hypotheses.
Results
Coparenting quality moderated the link between nonstandard work and distress only among mothers. Mothers working more nonstandard schedules had higher distress, but that link was attenuated when coparenting quality was high. Among fathers, only coparenting quality was associated with lower distress. Prenatal to postnatal change in nonstandard work was statistically controlled.
Conclusion
Higher coparenting quality serves as a protector of the impact of nonstandard work schedules on maternal distress for first time mothers, and mothers were more impacted by nonstandard work schedules than fathers.
Implications
Mothers in the early postpartum are particularly vulnerable to the negative impacts of nonstandard work on overall well-being. Fathers' involvement and support appears to be critically important in helping mothers adapt to the stress of nonstandard work when adjusting to new parenthood.
{"title":"The link between nonstandard work and parental distress among new parents: Coparenting as a moderator","authors":"Ruiqi Feng, Douglas M. Teti","doi":"10.1111/fare.13144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study examines the link between nonstandard work schedules and parental distress in mothers and fathers during the transition to parenthood, examining coparenting as a moderator.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Existing research suggests negative effects of nonstandard work schedules on employees' health. Such impact may be particularly strong among parents transitioning to parenthood, when family stress is high. Very little work has been done examining these linkages in mothers and fathers transitioning to parenthood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parental reports of coparenting quality and distress (depressive, anxious, and hostile symptoms) were assessed in 124 parents at 6 months postpartum. The mean numbers of nonstandard work shifts were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months. Multiple regression was conducted to test hypotheses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coparenting quality moderated the link between nonstandard work and distress only among mothers. Mothers working more nonstandard schedules had higher distress, but that link was attenuated when coparenting quality was high. Among fathers, only coparenting quality was associated with lower distress. Prenatal to postnatal change in nonstandard work was statistically controlled.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher coparenting quality serves as a protector of the impact of nonstandard work schedules on maternal distress for first time mothers, and mothers were more impacted by nonstandard work schedules than fathers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mothers in the early postpartum are particularly vulnerable to the negative impacts of nonstandard work on overall well-being. Fathers' involvement and support appears to be critically important in helping mothers adapt to the stress of nonstandard work when adjusting to new parenthood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 2","pages":"916-930"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study aimed to examine the role of perceived parental emotion regulation in adult–offspring internalizing symptoms, investigating emotional intelligence (EI) as a mediator and gender as a moderator.
Background
EI is well researched and associated with numerous benefits including academic achievement, physical and mental health, and success throughout life. While some research suggests EI can be taught, the relationship between perceived parent emotionality and offspring EI has yet to be empirically tested.
Methods
To increase participant diversity, two samples were collected and combined: one from a southwestern university and a second through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Participants (N = 866) reported their EI and internalizing symptoms along with their perception of parents' emotion regulation during childhood.
Results
Results showed a significant relationship between perceived parental emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms that was mediated by EI, with gender serving as a significant moderator.
Conclusion
Both maternal and paternal regulation play important roles in offspring EI and internalizing symptoms but perceived maternal emotion regulation may be particularly beneficial for women.
Implications
Future research is needed to investigate the intricacies of specific emotions, gender, and culture, as well as the impact of discrepancies in emotionality between parents and frequency of regulation versus dysregulation.
{"title":"Why regulate? Understanding the role of perceived parental emotion regulation in offspring emotional development","authors":"Hayley D. Seely, Kristin D. Mickelson","doi":"10.1111/fare.13142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study aimed to examine the role of perceived parental emotion regulation in adult–offspring internalizing symptoms, investigating emotional intelligence (EI) as a mediator and gender as a moderator.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EI is well researched and associated with numerous benefits including academic achievement, physical and mental health, and success throughout life. While some research suggests EI can be taught, the relationship between perceived parent emotionality and offspring EI has yet to be empirically tested.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To increase participant diversity, two samples were collected and combined: one from a southwestern university and a second through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Participants (<i>N</i> = 866) reported their EI and internalizing symptoms along with their perception of parents' emotion regulation during childhood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed a significant relationship between perceived parental emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms that was mediated by EI, with gender serving as a significant moderator.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both maternal and paternal regulation play important roles in offspring EI and internalizing symptoms but perceived maternal emotion regulation may be particularly beneficial for women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Future research is needed to investigate the intricacies of specific emotions, gender, and culture, as well as the impact of discrepancies in emotionality between parents and frequency of regulation versus dysregulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 2","pages":"985-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina N. Marsack-Topolewski, Fei Wang, Preethy Sarah Samuel
Objective
This study's purpose was to determine if parental perceptions of their adult children's communication, behavior, and socialization skills were significantly associated with caregiver burden after controlling for income and age of the child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Background
Most parents provide support to their children with ASD across the lifespan. This study focused on informing knowledge gaps in caregiving literature in determining which ASD characteristics contribute to caregiver burden.
Method
Data gathered from 320 parents of adult children with ASD were used to conduct regression analysis to understand how caregiver burden was influenced by three core characteristics of ASD while controlling for age and income.
Results
Behavior of the adult child predicted caregiver burden and its four types, whereas communication predicted time dependence burden. Caregivers with higher income reported less total and developmental burden and those with older children reported less time dependence burden.
Conclusion
Findings demonstrate that behavioral challenges of an adult child with ASD contribute significantly to the parental perceptions of caregiver burden, warranting support for aging parents.
Implications
Professionals should be encouraged and supported to provide services to parents who support their adult children with decreased communication abilities, behavioral, and/or socialization challenges daily.
{"title":"Characteristics of adult children with autism and caregiver burden","authors":"Christina N. Marsack-Topolewski, Fei Wang, Preethy Sarah Samuel","doi":"10.1111/fare.13141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study's purpose was to determine if parental perceptions of their adult children's communication, behavior, and socialization skills were significantly associated with caregiver burden after controlling for income and age of the child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most parents provide support to their children with ASD across the lifespan. This study focused on informing knowledge gaps in caregiving literature in determining which ASD characteristics contribute to caregiver burden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data gathered from 320 parents of adult children with ASD were used to conduct regression analysis to understand how caregiver burden was influenced by three core characteristics of ASD while controlling for age and income.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Behavior of the adult child predicted caregiver burden and its four types, whereas communication predicted time dependence burden. Caregivers with higher income reported less total and developmental burden and those with older children reported less time dependence burden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings demonstrate that behavioral challenges of an adult child with ASD contribute significantly to the parental perceptions of caregiver burden, warranting support for aging parents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Professionals should be encouraged and supported to provide services to parents who support their adult children with decreased communication abilities, behavioral, and/or socialization challenges daily.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 2","pages":"931-950"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunzhi Zheng, Crystal G. Marroquin, Jonathan G. Kimmes
Objective
This study aimed to empirically test how trait mindfulness (i.e., one's general tendency to be mindful) and relationship mindfulness (i.e., being mindful in relationships) protect couple relationships from stress and the potential extra buffer perceived partner relationship mindfulness provides.
Background
Stress has harmful effects on couple relationships, but mindfulness may mitigate such effects. Yet, no study has empirically tested the distinct but complementary roles various forms of mindfulness play in this process.
Method
A sample of 249 individuals in romantic relationships completed a cross-sectional survey that included measures of mindfulness, perceived stress, and relationship quality.
Results
(a) Trait mindfulness was associated with better relationship quality through reduced perceived stress. (b) Relationship mindfulness moderated the link between perceived stress and negative relationship quality and was a moderated mediator in the model. (c) Perceived partner relationship mindfulness served as an extra buffer on the link between perceived stress and negative relationship quality.
Conclusion
The results extended the theoretical model of mindfulness and romantic relationships by empirically demonstrating the various roles of mindfulness in protecting relationships from stress.
Implications
Practitioners should consider targeting both trait mindfulness and relationship mindfulness, as well as promoting perceived partner relationship mindfulness and joint participation in mindfulness-based couple interventions.
{"title":"Mindfulness protects relationship quality from stress: Roles of trait mindfulness and relationship mindfulness","authors":"Yunzhi Zheng, Crystal G. Marroquin, Jonathan G. Kimmes","doi":"10.1111/fare.13139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13139","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to empirically test how trait mindfulness (i.e., one's general tendency to be mindful) and relationship mindfulness (i.e., being mindful in relationships) protect couple relationships from stress and the potential extra buffer perceived partner relationship mindfulness provides.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stress has harmful effects on couple relationships, but mindfulness may mitigate such effects. Yet, no study has empirically tested the distinct but complementary roles various forms of mindfulness play in this process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A sample of 249 individuals in romantic relationships completed a cross-sectional survey that included measures of mindfulness, perceived stress, and relationship quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>(a) Trait mindfulness was associated with better relationship quality through reduced perceived stress. (b) Relationship mindfulness moderated the link between perceived stress and negative relationship quality and was a moderated mediator in the model. (c) Perceived partner relationship mindfulness served as an extra buffer on the link between perceived stress and negative relationship quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results extended the theoretical model of mindfulness and romantic relationships by empirically demonstrating the various roles of mindfulness in protecting relationships from stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Practitioners should consider targeting both trait mindfulness and relationship mindfulness, as well as promoting perceived partner relationship mindfulness and joint participation in mindfulness-based couple interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 2","pages":"774-790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karen B. Vanterpool, Heather M. Francis, Kirsten M. Greer, Zoe Moscovici, Cynthia A. Graham, Stephanie A. Sanders, Robin R. Milhausen, William L. Yarber
Objective
The aim of this study was to document changes in marital relationships over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Background
Research has suggested both positive and negative effects of the pandemic on marital relationships, but few studies have explored changes in relationship quality at different phases of the pandemic.
Method
Online survey data were collected from married individuals (n = 3,221, mean age 39.5 years, SD = 5.61) living in the United States at three time points during the pandemic: April 2020, December 2020–January 2021, and August–September, 2021. We report the findings on responses to an open-ended question: “Please explain how your relationship has changed over the course of the coronavirus.” Inductive qualitative content analysis was conducted.
Results
Most participants reported some changes in their relationships; positive changes were more prevalent than negative changes across the three time periods.
Discussion
Our findings are consistent with previous literature but also provide new insights into how marriages may have been differentially affected at early versus later stages of the pandemic.
Implications
Clinical implications of the findings are discussed, including specific recommendations for therapists working with couples.
{"title":"Changes in marital relationships over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Karen B. Vanterpool, Heather M. Francis, Kirsten M. Greer, Zoe Moscovici, Cynthia A. Graham, Stephanie A. Sanders, Robin R. Milhausen, William L. Yarber","doi":"10.1111/fare.13143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to document changes in marital relationships over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research has suggested both positive and negative effects of the pandemic on marital relationships, but few studies have explored changes in relationship quality at different phases of the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Online survey data were collected from married individuals (<i>n</i> = 3,221, mean age 39.5 years, <i>SD</i> = 5.61) living in the United States at three time points during the pandemic: April 2020, December 2020–January 2021, and August–September, 2021. We report the findings on responses to an open-ended question: “Please explain how your relationship has changed over the course of the coronavirus.” Inductive qualitative content analysis was conducted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most participants reported some changes in their relationships; positive changes were more prevalent than negative changes across the three time periods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings are consistent with previous literature but also provide new insights into how marriages may have been differentially affected at early versus later stages of the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical implications of the findings are discussed, including specific recommendations for therapists working with couples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 2","pages":"642-657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/fare.13143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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