Journal of Safety Research最新文献

{"title":"Time series analysis of resampled red-light violations to understand drivers’ adaptation to extended yellow intervals","authors":"Pouya Jalali Khalilabadi ,&nbsp;Henrick Haule ,&nbsp;Yao-Jan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Red-light running (RLR) poses significant safety risks at signalized intersections, often leading to severe crashes. Increasing yellow intervals has been proposed as a countermeasure for RLR violations. Despite the immediate effectiveness of increasing yellow intervals in reducing RLR violations, concerns remain regarding potential driver adaptation over time. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of increased yellow intervals on driver compliance using RLR events on through and left-turn movements. <em>Method:</em> The data were collected from three intersections in the Phoenix metropolitan area for 81 and 496 days (about one and a half years) before and after increasing the through and left-turn yellow intervals. An Interrupted Time Series Analysis (ITSA) and Block Bootstrap Resampling were applied to determine the significance of the intervention and the impact of the intervention through time. <em>Results:</em> The results showed that increasing the yellow intervals led to a significant and sustained reduction in RLR violations for both through and left-turn movements across all treatment sites. Importantly, ITSA results indicated no evidence of driver adaptation, reinforcing the long-term effectiveness of increasing yellow intervals on RLR. This research also shows the impact of movement types and site-specific characteristics, including traffic volume and intersection layout, on the effectiveness of signal timing adjustments for safety improvements. <em>Practical applications:</em> Understanding the drivers’ adaptation to the changes in signal timing could assist agencies when considering using longer yellow intervals to address chronic red light running violations and defining the allowable period before readjustment of signal timing plans for safety purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 38-54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobility assistance preferences and device adoption among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan","authors":"Fang-Lin Kuo ,&nbsp;Chayannan Jaide ,&nbsp;I-Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Fang-Ju Lin ,&nbsp;Yen Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Background and Objectives</em>: Mobility decline is a significant concern among older adults; however, many delay or resist adopting assistive walking devices. Guided by the person–environment–occupation model, this study examined attitudes toward mobility decline and assistive devices. It explored how sociodemographic, personal, and environmental factors influenced preferences and predicted device use over time. <em>Research Design and Methods</em>: A longitudinal observational study was conducted with 203 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older in Taiwan who walked independently at baseline. Participants, recruited from 18 community centers, completed questionnaires on mobility-related attitudes, and underwent gait assessments at baseline and one-year follow-up. Logistic regression models were applied to examine preferences for mobility assistance and the likelihood of device adoption. <em>Results</em>: Participants with fewer socio-financial concerns (Est = −0.57, <em>p</em> = 0.01) and those less skeptical toward walking aids (Est = −0.59, <em>p</em> = 0.02) were more likely to prefer device use. Women showed a lower, though non-significant, likelihood of preferring walking devices (Est = −0.65). Higher IADL scores (Est = −0.79, <em>p</em> = 0.01) and increased use of antihypertensive medication (Est = −2.28, <em>p</em> = 0.04) were significantly associated with a reduced probability of walking device adoption. Attitudinal factors and repeated falls were not significant predictors in the follow-up model. <em>Discussion and Implications:</em> The findings suggest that while attitudes shape preferences, the actual adoption of walking devices is more closely tied to functional decline. Declining IADL and antihypertensive use were linked to higher rates of device adoption, possibly reflecting greater health monitoring needs. Clinicians should regard the use of antihypertensive medications as a potential prompt for mobility screening and counseling, notably where device uptake lags behind physical need.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145580373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of the evidence base for the performance of leading indicators for improving safety outcomes: Available evidence, implications for practice and future directions","authors":"Deborah Watkins ,&nbsp;Emma Bishop ,&nbsp;Steven Naylor ,&nbsp;Ruth Frankish ,&nbsp;Malcolm Staves ,&nbsp;John Dony ,&nbsp;Paul Miller ,&nbsp;Rachael McCool ,&nbsp;Lavinia Ferrante di Ruffano","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Safety performance indicators are important to assess and prevent work-related incidents, which are associated with high global morbidity and mortality. Safety can be measured using lagging indicators (past workplace incidents) or leading indicators (proactive measures to prevent incidents). Leading indicators in occupational safety and health (OSH) are already used in several industries, though it is unclear whether their use is supported by published evidence. <em>Methods</em>: We undertook a scoping review to identify studies evaluating the performance of OSH leading indicators. Literature searches (8 databases, August 2023) identified primary studies evaluating the impact of leading indicators on any safety outcomes in any industry. Researchers systematically identified and extracted relevant studies. No two studies assessed the same research question, preventing meaningful synthesis of the performance of leading indicators. Instead, we mapped the available studies to understand the quality and nature of this important evidence base. <em>Results:</em> The 48 studies comprise a substantial, though disparate, evidence base. Although most reported a positive impact of leading on lagging indicators, overall the evidence base was weak: (1) study designs were not appropriate for determining causality; (2) internal validity of studies was moderate to low; (3) studies were poorly generalizable. The biggest challenge was the inability to compare findings across studies. <em>Conclusions</em>: Decisions on which leading indicators to use should be based on evidence that they improve safety. Future research should take measures to improve and standardize study design and conduct. Developing an OSH-specific evidence standards framework is likely to guide and assist this process. <em>Practical applications:</em> Identifying recommendations for practice was difficult due to the quality and heterogeneity of the evidence base. Future studies should improve approaches to minimizing bias and identify common tools to measure both leading and lagging indicators. To achieve this, we encourage practitioners and researchers to collaborate and share data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 530-544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective effect of pedestrian reflective devices: A combined micro- and macro-level study","authors":"Rune Elvik","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> From 2003 to 2022 pedestrian use of reflective devices in darkness on lit roads in urban areas in Norway increased from 11% to 43%. This paper reports a study evaluating: (a) the protective effect of reflective devices for each pedestrian and (b) the effect on the number of injured pedestrians of an increase in the use of reflective devices. <em>Method:</em> To evaluate the protective effect of reflective devices for each pedestrian a case-control study was made, using injured pedestrians as cases, and pedestrians observed in traffic as controls. To evaluate the effects of increased use of reflective devices, ARIMA time series models and Poisson regression models for panel data were applied. <em>Results:</em> Use of reflective devices was associated with a reduction of 84% (odds ratio 0.16) of the chance of getting injured on lit roads in urban areas. The estimated effect is large, but not inconsistent with estimates of the increased safety margin as indicated by the increase in recognition distance to pedestrians using reflective devices. ARIMA time series models and Poisson regression models for panel data consistently indicated that increased use of reflective devices was associated with a reduction of the number of injured pedestrians. The negative sign was consistent, but the values of the coefficient varied substantially between models and was in most cases not statistically significant. A conservative estimate is that the increased use of reflective devices may have reduced the number of pedestrians injured in darkness on lit roads in urban areas by about 10–15%. <em>Conclusions:</em> Use of reflective devices in darkness is likely to protect pedestrians from traffic injury. <em>Practical applications:</em> Reflective devices are a cheap and effective method of reducing pedestrian injury in darkness which remains underutilized. Measures promoting the use of reflective devices are likely to be very cost-effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 522-529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective factors in potential trauma for adolescent surf lifesavers","authors":"Jasmin C. Lawes ,&nbsp;Samantha Fien ,&nbsp;Jessica Ledger ,&nbsp;Murray Drummond ,&nbsp;Pamela Simon ,&nbsp;Nancy Joseph ,&nbsp;Shane Daw ,&nbsp;Talitha Best ,&nbsp;Robert Stanton ,&nbsp;Ian de Terte","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Surf lifesavers form a key part of Australia’s first responder workforce. Patrolling members can start from 13 years old, with potential exposure to traumatic incidents. Protective factors may mitigate the trauma exposure. This study investigated protective factors associated with mental health outcomes among adolescent surf lifesavers (13–17 years), including in response to exposure to potentially traumatic events. <em>Methods:</em> An online survey was developed to collect data from Australian surf lifesavers (13–17 years). Measures included demographic factors, stressful life events, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), self-efficacy, social support, and attitudes toward mental health problems. Hierarchical regressions and moderation analyses explored the relationships between variables. <em>Results</em>: There were 118 responses collected with overall mean age 15.4 years (SD = 1.3). PTSS was moderately to strongly positively correlated with all trauma domains. Higher self-efficacy and social support scores were correlated with lower PTSS. Hierarchical regression<!--> <!-->showed that Trauma within SLS, social support, self-efficacy and attitudes toward mental health were significantly associated with the outcome in the final regression model (F(5,110) = 17.87, p &lt; 0.001), with the protective factors collectively explaining 28% of the variance in PTSS. Negative attitudes were positively associated with PTSS, while social support and self-efficacy scores were both negatively associated with PTSS. <em>Conclusions:</em> This study highlights the critical and protective interplay between social support, self-efficacy, mental health attitudes and trauma exposure among adolescent surf lifesavers. The findings will guide the development of targeted interventions to support younger patrolling members with an emphasis on supportive interventions to improve resilience and wellbeing in young emergency service personnel exposed to trauma. <em>Practical applications:</em> This study highlights the importance of encouraging protective factors with young individuals in emergency service roles, with practical implications for mental health professionals, emergency service agencies, surf lifesaving organizations, and policymakers interested in promoting the wellbeing of adolescent emergency service personnel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 505-514"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The flattening of road accident risk: How best to describe it?","authors":"Rune Elvik","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> The variation in risk associated with well-known risk factors, like driver age or speed limits on public roads, has become smaller over time. For driver age, this can be shown as a “flattening” of risk: The U-shaped curve showing the variation in accident rate by driver age is getting flatter. <em>Method:</em> This paper asks how this trend can best be described. It is shown that two measures of variation in risk, relative risk and population attributable risk, do not capture the trend towards less variation in risk. It is shown that the trend towards less variation in risk is associated with a reduction of the relative contribution of systematic variation in the number of accidents to the distribution of accidents between the units (drivers, road sections, etc.) of a population at risk. <em>Results:</em> Based on this, it is proposed that accident rates can be interpreted as expected values of Poisson distributions. One may then generate synthetic mixed Poisson distributions and by comparing these for different points in time show that a reduced variation in risk implies that the distribution of accidents is becoming more random. <em>Conclusions:</em> The distribution of accidents in populations at risk (drivers, road segments, etc.) is becoming more random (i.e., it contains less systematic variation than earlier). <em>Practical applications:</em> Randomness does not imply unpreventability. Examples are given of how accidents can be prevented in a population where the distribution is random. The paper is based on data for Norway, and no claim is made that the trends examined in the paper apply to all countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 515-521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public perspectives on the 20 mph speed reduction in Wales: A Latent Dirichlet Allocation Approach","authors":"Burcu Tekeş ,&nbsp;Tuğba Uyar Suiçmez ,&nbsp;Charles Musselwhite ,&nbsp;Rıfat Can Telci","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: This study investigates public attitudes toward the Welsh Government’s implementation of a 20 mph default speed limit on all non-unrestricted roads, for example those in urban environments, residential neighborhoods, and areas with high pedestrian activity, that previously were 30 mph, aimed at reducing traffic crashes, emissions, and improving quality of life. <em>Method:</em> Using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) approach and VADER sentiment analysis to assess emotional tone, posts on <em>X</em> (formerly Twitter) with hashtags #20 mph and #20 mya (Welsh language for mph) were analyzed during two periods: one-month post-implementation (September–October 2023) and six months later (February–March 2024). <em>Results:</em> The results indicate that public opposition to the 20 mph default speed limit decreased slightly six months after its implementation but remained high. However, since opposition declined while positive sentiment increased, results suggest a positive trend, aligning with psychological theories on social influence and attitude change. <em>Conclusions</em>: The study underscores the value of a qualitative-quantitative approach in capturing nuanced public perspectives, offering insights beyond traditional survey methods. These findings provide actionable guidance for policymakers and practitioners seeking to implement and communicate public safety policies effectively. <em>Practical Applications:</em> This research uniquely contributes to the literature by examining the 20 mph speed limit in Wales, combining computational and psychological methods to explore public opinion dynamics over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 495-504"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nexus between neighborhood socioeconomic environment and substance-positive driving behavior: a spatial analysis in the Chicago metropolitan area","authors":"Seunghoon Oh,&nbsp;Mickey Edwards,&nbsp;Alan J. Simmons","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Numerous public health and transportation studies have established a strong link between low-socioeconomic status and impaired driving. However, few analyze how a neighborhood’s socioeconomic environment influences individual driving behavior. <em>Method:</em> To address this gap, we conducted a spatial econometric analysis at the neighborhood level, assessing the impact of socioeconomic conditions on alcohol and psychoactive drug-related crashes within zip code areas that are neighbored to each other. We merged hospital and crash data to create a dataset of drivers involved in substance-positive crashes through probabilistic data linkage. Socioeconomic factors including poverty, unemployment, income, and education were measured at the zip code level. <em>Results:</em> The spatial modeling results indicate that adverse socioeconomic conditions were associated with higher rates of substance-positive driving crashes in the zip code area and its neighboring zip code areas. Specifically, higher poverty rates were linked to a rise in substance-positive driving crashes in neighboring zip code areas. In comparison, a zip code area with a higher unemployment rate was linked with lower rates of such crashes. Additionally, a higher share of bachelor’s degree holders was associated with fewer substance-positive driving, while median income shows no effect. <em>Practical applications:</em> These findings highlight the need for targeted substance abuse prevention and treatment programs, alongside workforce development initiatives and increased access to supportive resources, in low-socioeconomic areas as part of road safety programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 476-485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing trends in fatal spatial disorientation accidents in general aviation","authors":"Hannah M. Baumgartner,&nbsp;Jason B. Sigmon,&nbsp;Austin L. Ciesielski,&nbsp;Russell J. Lewis","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Spatial disorientation (SD) is a well-known risk factor across aviation operations but is a particular risk within general aviation (GA). While previous work has examined historical rates of SD related accidents in GA, modern analyses of SD accidents that account for overall changes to the GA environment are limited. <em>Methods:</em> The current analysis investigates recent trends from 2003 to 2021 in SD GA fatal accidents and compares these trends to historical analyses, while incorporating context about changes to the overall GA landscape. <em>Results:</em> While fatal SD GA accidents rates and overall GA accident rates have declined since previous analyses in the 1990s, the percent fatality associated with SD (94 %) remains remarkedly high. Demographics of pilots involved in these accidents include mostly pilots with less than 500 h of flight time, similar to previous analyses, but the current trends are pointing to a slightly older pilot population, most commonly in the age 60–69 age range. Further, an increase in positive toxicology findings in fatal SD GA accidents is described in the current data, with a quarter of all SD GA accidents involving a positive toxicology finding for a potentially impairing substance. Finally, changes to the type of aircraft available may underlie a portion of recent trends associated with SD-related fatal GA accidents. <em>Conclusions:</em> Overall, these findings highlight the importance of increased and targeted awareness and education efforts for the changing trends in spatial disorientation in general aviation, particularly given the high fatality rates associated with its occurrence. <em>Practical Application</em>: Spatial disorientation continues to be a high-risk factor for fatal accidents in general aviation. Education and awareness campaigns centered around spatial disorientation could use these findings to target the current trends in SD accidents, and highlight the interaction between potentially impairing substances and SD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 486-494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality of American Indian and Alaska Native workers by occupation and industry, 2020–2022","authors":"Kaitlin C. Wingate ,&nbsp;Erin McCanlies ,&nbsp;Andrea L. Steege ,&nbsp;W. Karl Sieber ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Dalsey","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Little occupational health and safety information exists on American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) workers. The objective of this study is to describe the leading underlying causes of death among AI/AN workers by occupation and industry. <em>Methods:</em> Mortality data indicating decedents’ race as: (1) ‘American Indian/Alaska Native’ (AI/AN) single-race or (2) AI/AN single-race and AI/AN in combination with any other race(s) were abstracted from 2020 to 2022 public use multiple cause of death files maintained in the National Vital Statistics System. Records with decedents: (a) 15 years of age and older, (b) residing in the United States, and (c) having both usual industry and usual occupation were included in this analysis. Mortality data were analyzed by occupation and industry for the 15 leading causes of death and COVID-19. Age-adjusted proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for usual occupation groups and usual industry groups for these causes of death. <em>Results:</em> Occupation groups with the highest number and proportion of deaths were construction and extraction (AI/AN single-race 15.9%; AI/AN combined 14.9%) and production (AI/AN single-race and combined 8.8%). The industry groups with the highest number and proportion of deaths include construction (AI/AN single-race 15.7%; AI/AN combined 14.9%) and healthcare and social assistance (AI/AN single-race 12.3%; AI/AN combined 12.2%). The three highest PMRs by occupation were suicide in the military and computer and mathematical occupations and homicide in construction and extraction occupations. The three highest PMRs by industry were suicide in the military and utilities industries and hypertension in the information industries. The top three causes of death for AI/AN combined race decedents were heart disease, cancer, and COVID-19. <em>Conclusion:</em> These results indicate that causes of death among AI/AN workers vary by specific occupations and industries. Focusing intervention and prevention in these highest risk occupations and industries may reduce morbidity and mortality among workers. <em>Practical Applications:</em> The results of this study can be used by tribes, tribal organizations, tribal leaders, and researchers to assist in prevention, control methods, and tailored communication efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 455-467"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}