Journal of Safety Research最新文献

How an institutional setting shape and limit the mitigation of accidents in complex work settings

IF 3.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.009

Johan M. Sanne , Colin J. Pilbeam

Introduction:

Research suggests that accidents due to failed coordination arising from the disruption of everyday activity can be mitigated by empowered employees through sensemaking activities: observing or recognizing cues, voicing concern, and considering alternative perspectives. Unfortunately, the literature also observes limits to such activities due to the influence from technology, power, and language. However, there is negligible understanding of the mutual influence of these phenomena on (the failure of) sensemaking to prevent escalation.

Method:

Using an institutional and sociomaterial approach to sensemaking, we integrate the influence of technology, power, and language to investigate accident commission data (e.g., talk between different actors and interviews), from a railway accident in Sweden in 1987, showing how a minor disruption in everyday work escalated into a situation that exceeded the limits for effective sensemaking.

Results:

Technology, power, and language in institutional settings, expressed through actors’ habitual repertoire, influence sensemaking and its outcomes. The findings indicate that actors’ habits encourage the continuation of immanent sensemaking and that it takes strong, specific, cues to shift to deliberative sensemaking. Moreover, also deliberative sensemaking is influenced by actor’s habitual repertoire, limiting its quality.

Conclusions:

The efforts to mitigate the escalation to tragedy in this case failed because of the mutual influences of technology, power and language operating within an institutionalized and heavily regulated work environment. This resulted in fragmented or minimal sensemaking that, in hindsight, did not match the complexity in the accident and the response that would have been required.

Practical Applications:

To enable sufficient articulation of concerns and collaborative problem-solving in complex safety–critical systems, there is a need to break with hierarchical relations, to create a shared language, and employees should be made aware of the potential misleading signals from technologies designed to ensure safety.

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引用次数: 0

How safety leadership styles impact safety performance: A case study

IF 3.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.006

Michelle Payne, Dwayne Roache, Jessel Subero, G.Peter Zhang

Introduction: Job-related injuries continue to be a salient problem facing many organizations. Prior research has examined the role of leadership in influencing and improving workplace safety. However, studies of safety leadership have focused on the styles or behaviors of leaders without taking into account the influence of context on leader activities or practices. Therefore, there is a need for examining how leadership styles impact safety performance within a specific context. Specifically, our research setting is an Indonesian manufacturing facility of a large consumer products company with an impeccable safety performance. Method: In this paper, we conduct a case study with an in-depth analysis on how different leadership styles impact safety performance. We adopt the LEAD model as a theoretical framework that unifies different theories of leadership for safety management. Results: We find evidence that effective safety leadership entails multiple leadership styles such as transformational, transactional, and leader-member exchange depending on the situation. Our findings support a multi-faceted situational approach for safety leadership and management advocated by the LEAD model. Practical Applications: Because a multi-faceted leadership approach is most effective, leaders should not focus on one fixed leadership approach in managing safety. In addition, multiple leadership styles contribute to safety behaviors in different ways across different work situations. Future workplace safety performance interventions would be more effective if management is aware of the situation in which specific leadership styles or practices should be applied.

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引用次数: 0

A comparative anthropometric analysis of U.S. female firefighters versus the general female population

IF 3.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.021

Josephine Bolaji , Ziwen Qiu , Meredith McQuerry , Cassandra Kwon

Introduction. Female firefighters face a heightened risk of injury due in part to ill-fitting personal protective clothing (PPC), which is often designed based on general population data. This issue of poor fitting PPC for women in the structural and wildland fire service is largely due to a lack of available anthropometric data specific to the female firefighter population in the United States. This study consists of a comparative anthropometric analysis to investigate whether female firefighters in the United States are significantly different from the general female population, with the aim of enhancing the design and fit of female firefighting PPC. Methods: Utilizing mobile-app-based 3D body scanning technology, body measurements from 187 female firefighters were collected across the United States. These data were compared to the USA Size North America survey. Key measurements such as bust, height, waist, hip, and other circumferential and vertical dimensions were analyzed. Descriptive data for these measurements are presented and significant differences between the two databases were statistically tested. Additionally, the distribution and correlations among the key body measurements were evaluated to inform sizing recommendations for female firefighter PPC. Results: Female firefighters are generally taller than the U.S. female population by 6.7 cm, on average, and possess wider waists and hips, suggesting a more uniform upper body shape. Significant differences in secondary measures, such as leg inseam length and center back waist length, highlight the necessity of developing a female-firefighter-specific sizing system. Conclusions: This study underscores the limitations of PPC designed utilizing general population data alone, which fails to capture the unique anthropometric needs of female firefighters. This research advocates for a specialized approach to PPC design and sizing to improve the fit, performance, and safety of female firefighters. Additional research with larger sample sizes is recommended to validate these findings and refine the sizing system. Practical application: The comparative anthropometric analyses in this study will aid personal protective equipment (PPE) manufacturers in designing patterns for women’s firefighting PPC. Sufficient, but not excessive length coverage, should be considered when referring to the general female population’s sizing system. The next step in expanding the female firefighter body scan database will provide a unique and updated resource for designing better fitting and appropriately sized protective clothing for female firefighters in the United States.

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引用次数: 0

Daylight saving time and fatal crashes: The impact of changing light conditions

IF 3.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.010

Amber N. Woods, Rebecca A. Weast, Samuel S. Monfort

Introduction: Time changes in the fall and spring result in different light conditions in the morning and afternoon, which may impact U.S. roadway safety. Methods: We investigated the number of fatal crashes in the contiguous United States from 2010 to 2019 in the 5-weeks before and after biannual time changes focusing on crashes that occurred at times when light conditions changed. Results: Fatal crashes among motor-vehicle occupants decreased in the 5 weeks after the fall time change (−7.1%) and increased in the 5 weeks after the springtime change (+12%). The reverse was true for fatal crashes among pedestrians/bicyclists, increasing after the fall time change (+13%) and decreasing after the springtime change (−24%). Overall, time changes resulted in a net decrease of 26 fatal pedestrian/bicyclist crashes and an increase of 29 motor-vehicle occupant crashes. Pedestrian and bicyclist fatal crash counts were strongly associated with ambient light conditions: the net decrease of all 26 pedestrian/bicyclist crashes could be attributed to the changing light conditions, but only 2 of the additional motor-vehicle occupant crashes were associated with changing light conditions. Conclusions: Changing light conditions from biannual time changes have differential effects depending on time of day and road user type. The switch to daylight saving time in the spring results in an increase in motor-vehicle occupant fatal crashes and a reduction in pedestrian/bicyclist fatal crashes, while the opposite occurs following the switch to standard time in the fall. These effects are largely dependent on the ambient light conditions at the time of the crash, especially for pedestrians and bicyclists. Practical applications: The sensitivity of pedestrians and bicyclists to changing ambient light conditions supports the need for improved pedestrian and bicyclist infrastructure and continued efforts to develop vehicle technology to help avoid or mitigate crashes with pedestrians and bicyclists.

导言：秋季和春季的时间变化导致上午和下午的光照条件不同，这可能会影响美国的道路安全。方法：我们对 2010 年美国毗连地区的致命车祸数量进行了调查：我们调查了 2010 年至 2019 年美国毗连地区在一年两次的时间变化前后 5 周内发生的致命车祸数量，重点关注在光线条件变化时发生的车祸。结果：在秋季时间变化后的 5 周内，机动车乘员的致命撞车事故有所减少（-7.1%），而在春季时间变化后的 5 周内则有所增加（+12%）。行人/骑自行车者的致命撞车事故则相反，在秋季时间变化后增加（+13%），在春季时间变化后减少（-24%）。总体而言，时间变化导致行人/骑自行车者的致命撞车事故净减少了 26 起，机动车乘员撞车事故增加了 29 起。行人和骑自行车者的致命撞车次数与环境光线条件密切相关：所有 26 起行人/骑自行车者撞车事故的净减少可归因于光线条件的变化，但在新增的机动车乘员撞车事故中，只有 2 起与光线条件的变化有关。结论：一年两次的时间变化所带来的光照条件变化会因一天中的不同时间和道路使用者类型而产生不同的影响。春季改用夏令时会导致机动车乘员致命撞车事故增加，而行人/骑自行车者致命撞车事故减少，而秋季改用标准时间后则相反。这些影响在很大程度上取决于车祸发生时的环境光条件，尤其是对行人和骑自行车者而言。实际应用：行人和骑自行车者对不断变化的环境光条件的敏感性表明，有必要改善行人和骑自行车者的基础设施，并继续努力开发有助于避免或减轻与行人和骑自行车者发生碰撞的车辆技术。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction and interpretation of crash severity using machine learning based on imbalanced traffic crash data

IF 3.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.018

Junlan Chen , Pei Liu , Shuo Wang , Nan Zheng , Xiucheng Guo

Introduction: Predicting and interpreting crash severity is essential for developing cost-effective safety measures. Machine learning (ML) models in crash severity studies have attracted much attention recently due to their promising predicted performance. However, the limited interpretability of ML techniques is a common critique. Additionally, the inherent data imbalance in crash datasets, mainly due to a scarcity of fatal injury (FI) crashes, presents challenges for both classifiers and interpreters. Method: Motivated by these research needs, innovative resampling techniques and ML methods are introduced and compared to model a Washington State dataset comprising traffic crashes from 2014 to 2018. Results: When compared to the traditional resampling methods, the random forest model trained on the datasets synthesized by deep-learning resampling techniques demonstrates significantly improved sensitivity and G-mean performance. Furthermore, the interpretable ML approach, Shapley Additive explanation (SHAP), approach is employed to quantify the individual and interaction effects of risk factors based on the predicted results. Significant risk factors are identified, including airbag, crash type, posted speed limit and grade percentage. With the SHAP method, the individual effects and interaction effects of risk factors are explored. It is observed that roadways in rural (urban) had positive (negative) effects on the crash severity. Compared with non-FI (nFI) crashes, speed limits have more effects on FI crashes. Drivers involved in rear/front-end crashes under the influence of alcohol were more likely to be associated with FI crashes. Practical Applications: These findings hold significant implications for the development of precise crash modification factors for transportation departments dealing with imbalanced traffic crash data.

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引用次数: 0

Older adult fall injuries and the usage of fall screener tools

IF 3.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.019

Dawson S. Dobash , Ramakrishna S. Kakara

Introduction: Older adult (≥65 years) falls are common and may result in severe injuries. There is limited knowledge about what proportion of older adults who fall sustain injuries that need medical attention. Screening is the first step in helping older adults reduce their risk of falls. However, there is limited research on how well current fall screeners can predict fall injuries. Methods: Previously collected data from community-dwelling older adults enrolled in a 13-month long study, from the AmeriSpeak Panel, were analyzed. Baseline survey included questions related to demographics, falls risk factors, and falls risk screeners (CDC’s 3 Key Questions (3KQ) and Stay Independent). Weighted percentages and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of older adults reporting one or more falls, fall-related injuries, falls needing any medical attention, falls resulting in doctor visits, and falls resulting in Emergency Department (ED) visits and/or hospitalization by demographics and fall risk factors were calculated. Risk ratios, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated to compare the two screeners’ ability to predict fall injury outcomes. Results: Among older adults who fell, 24.8% had an injury resulting in any medical attention, 14.5% sought treatment at a doctor’s office, and 14.3% sought treatment at an ED/hospital. Sensitivity estimates for baseline 3KQ and Stay Independent screeners for falls resulting in an ED/hospital visit were 87.3% and 75.0%, respectively. Specificity estimates were 47.4% and 63.6%. Conclusion: At least one in four older adults who fell needed medical attention. The 3KQ or Stay Independent screeners identified a large proportion of older adults who sought treatment at an ED/hospital for falls. However, using them may result in a large number of false positives. Practical Application: Clinicians may use these screeners to identify older adults at high fall injury risk, assess them for specific risk factors, and intervene accordingly.

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引用次数: 0

Snow or ice-related injury claims in cold months during 2016–2021

IF 3.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.013

Komi K.S. Modji, Katherine E. McCoy, Paul D. Creswell, Carrie D. Tomasallo, Sheryl Bedno

Introduction: Falls, a preventable worker-related injury, are major contributors to worker’s disability and death. In spite of this, there is relatively little analysis on snow or ice- related slips, trips and falls among workers in the workers’ compensation system. This analysis aimed to describe the frequency, characteristics, and occupational burden of snow or ice-related slip, trip, or fall (STF) claims in Wisconsin. Methods: This study is a descriptive analysis of working age adults’ snow or ice-related STF lost time claims during the months of October through April for the years 2016–2022. Results: A total of 7,385 claims were reported, which represented 33.1% of all STF injuries. The overall claim rate during the study period was 2.65 claims per 1,000 workers (95% CI: 2.60 – 2.71). Workers aged 45 years or more had the highest risk. Fracture of lower leg, including ankle (20.3%), intracranial injury (10.7%), and fracture of the forearm (7.3%) were the most frequent primary diagnoses among hospitalized cases or seen in the emergency room. The mean lost time was 11.8 weeks (range: 0.5 – 210.3 weeks). Transportation and Warehousing, Public Administration and Wholesale Trade industries had the highest burden. Occupations with the highest burden were Transportation and Material Moving, Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance, Installation, Maintenance, and Repair. Conclusions: Snow or ice-related STFs remain a common cause of injuries in cold weather and are particularly relevant for an aging workforce. Practical Applications: This analysis informs on the occupational burden of the snow or ice-related events on workers. It is important for preparedness and prevention efforts because of the frequency of unpredictable snow or ice events particularly in regions that are not used to it.

{"title":"Snow or ice-related injury claims in cold months during 2016–2021","authors":"Komi K.S. Modji, Katherine E. McCoy, Paul D. Creswell, Carrie D. Tomasallo, Sheryl Bedno","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Falls, a preventable worker-related injury, are major contributors to worker’s disability and death. In spite of this, there is relatively little analysis on snow or ice- related slips, trips and falls among workers in the workers’ compensation system. This analysis aimed to describe the frequency, characteristics, and occupational burden of snow or ice-related slip, trip, or fall (STF) claims in Wisconsin. <em>Methods:</em> This study is a descriptive analysis of working age adults’ snow or ice-related STF lost time claims during the months of October through April for the years 2016–2022. <em>Results:</em> A total of 7,385 claims were reported, which represented 33.1% of all STF injuries. The overall claim rate during the study period was 2.65 claims per 1,000 workers (95% CI: 2.60 – 2.71). Workers aged 45 years or more had the highest risk. Fracture of lower leg, including ankle (20.3%), intracranial injury (10.7%), and fracture of the forearm (7.3%) were the most frequent primary diagnoses among hospitalized cases or seen in the emergency room. The mean lost time was 11.8 weeks (range: 0.5 – 210.3 weeks). Transportation and Warehousing, Public Administration and Wholesale Trade industries had the highest burden. Occupations with the highest burden were Transportation and Material Moving, Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance, Installation, Maintenance, and Repair. Conclusions: Snow or ice-related STFs remain a common cause of injuries in cold weather and are particularly relevant for an aging workforce. <em>Practical Applications:</em> This analysis informs on the occupational burden of the snow or ice-related events on workers. It is important for preparedness and prevention efforts because of the frequency of unpredictable snow or ice events particularly in regions that are not used to it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 170-176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expectancy × value models of the relations between demographic, psychological, and situational factors and speeding behavior

IF 3.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.012

Dustin Wood , Emmanuel Kofi Adanu , P.D. Harms

Introduction: This study illustrates how expectancy × value (E × V) models can be created from responses to driving scenarios to model both: (1) reasons for the general tendency to speed in a particular situation and (2) reasons that specific personal or situational factors predict the likelihood of speeding within that situation. Method: The method was applied to predicting the self-rated likelihood of speeding in a specific driving scenario. Data from 302 participants who completed an online survey were used for the analysis. Results: The E × V models indicated that the average person tended to see both reasons to speed in this situation, such as to arrive at a meeting on time, and reasons not to speed, such as to avoid a crash or speeding ticket. The results further clarify how specific personal and situational factors were associated with reasoning about speeding. For instance, people who described speeding regularly were modeled as more likely to speed in part due to their greater expectation that speeding would be enjoyable and their greater valuation of being on time. And people who described valuing rules were modeled as less likely to speed in part due to greater expectations that speeding would result in a crash or injury. Practical Applications: We describe how E × V models can be further elaborated to better represent the psychological processes and reasoning underlying speeding and other unsafe driving behaviors.

导言：本研究说明了如何通过对驾驶场景的反应建立期望值 × 价值（E × V）模型，从而为以下两方面建模：（1）在特定情况下超速的一般倾向的原因；（2）特定个人或情景因素预测在该情况下超速可能性的原因。方法：将该方法应用于预测在特定驾驶场景中超速的自评可能性。分析使用了 302 位完成在线调查的参与者的数据。结果：E × V 模型表明，一般人倾向于认为在这种情况下超速既有理由，如准时赴会，也有不超速的理由，如避免撞车或超速罚单。研究结果进一步阐明了特定的个人和情景因素与超速推理之间的关系。例如，描述经常超速的人被认为更有可能超速，部分原因是他们更期望超速会带来乐趣，也更重视准时。而描述重视规则的人超速的可能性较低，部分原因是他们更期望超速会导致撞车或受伤。实际应用：我们介绍了如何进一步完善 E × V 模型，以更好地反映超速和其他不安全驾驶行为背后的心理过程和推理。

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引用次数: 0

Identifying relevant patterns between injury crashes and road safety inspection deficiencies

IF 3.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.014

Rubén Gutiérrez-Rodríguez , Eduardo Rojí , Jesús Cuadrado

Introduction: Crashes are the result of a complex interaction of many factors. However, the severity of injuries is often influenced by road conditions. Method: Data mining techniques, in particular Association Rule Mining (ARM), help to uncover non-trivial patterns in crash data, providing essential information for effective countermeasures to improve road safety and reduce crash severity. Using ARM, this study analyzes the relationship between crash severity and factors such as road deficiencies identified during safety inspections (Element Subject to Improvement or ESI) on two roads in Spain. Results: The primary findings reveal a strong link between vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists) and crash severity. These results align with the Strategic Plan of the Basque Country, which aims to reduce severe road injuries by 50% by 2030, identifying the need for specific interventions to protect this type of user. Pedestrian casualty crashes are linked to inadequate restraint systems, while bicycle-related crashes are associated with glare from road orientation, inadequate shoulders, and inappropriate barriers. Unchanneled access points on roads also pose risks for cyclists. For motorcycles, factors such as inadequate speed limitations, poor shoulder design, and obsolete or inadequate restraint systems are strongly associated with crash severity. Poor signage, illegible road markings, water accumulation, and inadequate transport stops further contribute to increased crash severity. Conclusions and practical applications: Based on these findings, key countermeasures should focus on protecting vulnerable road users. Recommendations include installing pedestrian-friendly barriers and clear pedestrian pathways, widening shoulders, implementing anti-glare barriers for cyclists, and adding motorcycle-friendly restraint systems. Dynamic speed controls and better road signage are critical for reducing risks to motorcyclists. Other important measures include improving drainage systems to prevent water accumulation and redesigning public transport stops for safer bus merging areas. These targeted interventions can significantly reduce crash severity and support broader road safety goals.

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引用次数: 0

The association of Public Safety Power Shutoffs and motor vehicle crashes

IF 3.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.001

Alyson B. Harding , Gillian A.M. Tarr , Jesse D. Berman , Darin J. Erickson , Marizen R. Ramirez

Introduction: Utility companies in California de-energize equipment during periods of high wildfire risk. These Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS) are designed to prevent power lines from igniting wildfires. The loss of electricity and subsequent failure of traffic signals may increase the risk of motor-vehicle crashes. Methods: We determined the daily number of motor-vehicle crashes per county for all 58 California counties between September 15th and November 30th, 2019, a period of high wildfire risk. We obtained electrical circuit-level information from the California Public Utilities Commission and created two daily PSPS exposure metrics: the equivalent to (1) the number of utility customers and (2) the percent of households in the county without power for a full day. Exposure metrics were categorized into quartiles of households or population impacted by PSPS. We generated random effects negative binomial models to estimate the association between PSPS exposure quartile and motor-vehicle crashes at the county-day level. Results: We observed 522 county-days that experienced a PSPS event and 104,627 motor-vehicle crashes during our 77-day study period. Effect estimates from models using the two exposure metrics were similar. Higher levels of PSPS exposure were associated with slight decreases in the rate of motor-vehicle crashes. In the customer-day model, the highest level of PSPS exposure was associated with a 7% decrease in motor-vehicle crashes per 100,000 county residents (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.98) compared to days without PSPS. Conclusions: Despite the failure of traffic signals, road lighting, and other traffic safety equipment during power outages, the fall 2019 PSPS events were not associated with an increase in motor-vehicle crashes, potentially due to changes in driving habits and behavior. Practical Applications: PSPS may have unintentional consequences. Motor-vehicle safety during PSPS should be a focus of future monitoring efforts.

{"title":"The association of Public Safety Power Shutoffs and motor vehicle crashes","authors":"Alyson B. Harding , Gillian A.M. Tarr , Jesse D. Berman , Darin J. Erickson , Marizen R. Ramirez","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Utility companies in California de-energize equipment during periods of high wildfire risk. These Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS) are designed to prevent power lines from igniting wildfires. The loss of electricity and subsequent failure of traffic signals may increase the risk of motor-vehicle crashes. <em>Methods:</em> We determined the daily number of motor-vehicle crashes per county for all 58 California counties between September 15th and November 30th, 2019, a period of high wildfire risk. We obtained electrical circuit-level information from the California Public Utilities Commission and created two daily PSPS exposure metrics: the equivalent to (1) the number of utility customers and (2) the percent of households in the county without power for a full day. Exposure metrics were categorized into quartiles of households or population impacted by PSPS. We generated random effects negative binomial models to estimate the association between PSPS exposure quartile and motor-vehicle crashes at the county-day level. <em>Results</em>: We observed 522 county-days that experienced a PSPS event and 104,627 motor-vehicle crashes during our 77-day study period. Effect estimates from models using the two exposure metrics were similar. Higher levels of PSPS exposure were associated with slight decreases in the rate of motor-vehicle crashes. In the customer-day model, the highest level of PSPS exposure was associated with a 7% decrease in motor-vehicle crashes per 100,000 county residents (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.98) compared to days without PSPS. <em>Conclusions:</em> Despite the failure of traffic signals, road lighting, and other traffic safety equipment during power outages, the fall 2019 PSPS events were not associated with an increase in motor-vehicle crashes, potentially due to changes in driving habits and behavior. <em>Practical Applications:</em> PSPS may have unintentional consequences. Motor-vehicle safety during PSPS should be a focus of future monitoring efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 148-155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0