Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.002
Boyu Jiang , Liang Shi , Feng Guo
Introduction: The development of models capable of learning visual representations from traffic safety-critical events (SCEs), including crashes and near-crashes, is crucial for advancing road safety. Method: This study proposes a novel supervised contrastive learning (SCL) approach designed to enhance representations of traffic video data for detecting SCEs. SCL integrates supervised and contrastive learning by embedding label information into the contrastive loss, enhancing intra-class cohesion and inter-class separation in the representation space. Leveraging a lightweight video encoder, SCL optimizes representations specifically for video data, addressing the challenges of distinguishing characteristics between SCEs and normal driving scenarios. Results: The proposed approach was evaluated using the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study video dataset, demonstrating superior performance in representation clustering and downstream three-way event classification tasks compared to benchmark approaches. Practical applications: The improved representations learned through SCL can be directly applied to enhance real-time detection of SCEs in advanced driver assistance systems and automated driving systems. By enabling more reliable identification of SCEs, SCL can support timely driver alerts, proactive collision avoidance maneuvers, and post-incident analysis, ultimately contributing to reduced crash risk and improved road safety.
{"title":"Enhancing vision representations for traffic safety-critical events via supervised contrastive learning","authors":"Boyu Jiang , Liang Shi , Feng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: The development of models capable of learning visual representations from traffic safety-critical events (SCEs), including crashes and near-crashes, is crucial for advancing road safety. <em>Method</em>: This study proposes a novel supervised contrastive learning (SCL) approach designed to enhance representations of traffic video data for detecting SCEs. SCL integrates supervised and contrastive learning by embedding label information into the contrastive loss, enhancing intra-class cohesion and inter-class separation in the representation space. Leveraging a lightweight video encoder, SCL optimizes representations specifically for video data, addressing the challenges of distinguishing characteristics between SCEs and normal driving scenarios. <em>Results</em>: The proposed approach was evaluated using the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study video dataset, demonstrating superior performance in representation clustering and downstream three-way event classification tasks compared to benchmark approaches. <em>Practical applications</em>: The improved representations learned through SCL can be directly applied to enhance real-time detection of SCEs in advanced driver assistance systems and automated driving systems. By enabling more reliable identification of SCEs, SCL can support timely driver alerts, proactive collision avoidance maneuvers, and post-incident analysis, ultimately contributing to reduced crash risk and improved road safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 468-475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.020
Shree Rath , Asad Ali Ahmed Cheema , Abu Huraira Bin Gulzar , Muzamil Khan , Muhammad Raza , Hammad Javaid , Umama Alam , Ayesha Saleem , Nouman Aziz , Waseem Nabi
Introduction: Drowning among geriatric individuals is of concern, particularly as rising life expectancy contributes to a growing aging population worldwide. Older adults face heightened vulnerability due to age-related neurocognitive decline, physical impairments, and often inadequate supervision or care. This study examines drowning-related deaths among older adults in the United States and highlights strategies to mitigate these preventable fatalities Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using death certificate data from the CDC-WONDER database. The study evaluated demographic and regional disparities in drowning-related death rates among individuals aged 55 and older between 1999 and 2020. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 individuals were determined, and temporal changes in trends were evaluated using Joinpoint v5.4. Results: Between 1999 and 2020, 20,466 deaths were attributed to drowning among the geriatric population in the United States, with an AAMR of 12.23 per 100,000 individuals. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in mortality rate was 1.51% (95% CI: 1.21, 1.82), indicating a significant increase over the study period. The AAMR for geriatric drowning deaths rose steadily, with notable disparities across sex, race, geographic region, and urban–rural classification. Males had higher mortality rates than females, and non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Natives exhibited the highest overall AAMR among racial groups. The highest mortality was observed in the Western region, while rural areas had slightly higher rates than urban regions. Conclusion: The rising incidence of drowning among older adults presents a significant public health challenge. Age-related declines in mobility, balance, cognition, and chronic health conditions increase vulnerability in aquatic environments. Practical Applications: This study highlights the need for age-specific drowning prevention strategies, including improved supervision, environmental modifications, and community-based education programs tailored for older adults. Enhancing access to water safety training and fall-prevention initiatives in high-risk populations could substantially reduce drowning-related mortality in this vulnerable age group.
{"title":"A two-decade analysis of trends in drowning-related deaths among the U.S. geriatric population: 1999–2020","authors":"Shree Rath , Asad Ali Ahmed Cheema , Abu Huraira Bin Gulzar , Muzamil Khan , Muhammad Raza , Hammad Javaid , Umama Alam , Ayesha Saleem , Nouman Aziz , Waseem Nabi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Drowning among geriatric individuals is of concern, particularly as rising life expectancy contributes to a growing aging population worldwide. Older adults face heightened vulnerability due to age-related neurocognitive decline, physical impairments, and often inadequate supervision or care. This study examines drowning-related deaths among older adults in the United States and highlights strategies to mitigate these preventable fatalities <em>Methods:</em> A retrospective analysis was conducted using death certificate data from the CDC-WONDER database. The study evaluated demographic and regional disparities in drowning-related death rates among individuals aged 55 and older between 1999 and 2020. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 individuals were determined, and temporal changes in trends were evaluated using Joinpoint v5.4. <em>Results:</em> Between 1999 and 2020, 20,466 deaths were attributed to drowning among the geriatric population in the United States, with an AAMR of 12.23 per 100,000 individuals. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in mortality rate was 1.51% (95% CI: 1.21, 1.82), indicating a significant increase over the study period. The AAMR for geriatric drowning deaths rose steadily, with notable disparities across sex, race, geographic region, and urban–rural classification. Males had higher mortality rates than females, and non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Natives exhibited the highest overall AAMR among racial groups. The highest mortality was observed in the Western region, while rural areas had slightly higher rates than urban regions. <em>Conclusion:</em> The rising incidence of drowning among older adults presents a significant public health challenge. Age-related declines in mobility, balance, cognition, and chronic health conditions increase vulnerability in aquatic environments. <em>Practical Applications:</em> This study highlights the need for age-specific drowning prevention strategies, including improved supervision, environmental modifications, and community-based education programs tailored for older adults. Enhancing access to water safety training and fall-prevention initiatives in high-risk populations could substantially reduce drowning-related mortality in this vulnerable age group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 446-454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.001
Rakshita Verma , Pushpa Choudhary
Introduction: With the increasing use of bicycles, cyclists’ fatalities have risen globally. To address the issue of cycling safety, external factors affecting cyclists’ crashes have been well reviewed. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive knowledge on the risky riding behaviors exhibited by cyclists. The aim of the present study is to address this gap by providing an exhaustive review of scientific publications in this field. Method: For this purpose, 85 studies published between January 2010 and December 2024 were identified using the PRISMA approach. The findings of the literature review indicated an increase in the number of publications related to cyclists’ behavior in recent years. The majority of these studies come from European regions and very limited research studies are available from low-and-middle-income-countries, emphasizing the need for further research in this area. A keyword analysis of the literature was done to identify the classes of risky riding behaviors among cyclists including lack of alertness, lateral instability, lack of conspicuity aids and protective equipment, and errors and violations. Results: The literature review provides a detailed discussion on the prevalence of all risky riding behaviors undertaken by cyclists. These behaviors have been evaluated using various assessment measures, including speed, acceleration, lateral position, gaze behavior, etc. The review provides a detailed description of various factors associated with risky riding behaviors, including cyclists’ characteristics, roadway and traffic characteristics, vehicle characteristics, and environmental conditions. It was observed that cyclists’ characteristics, especially age and gender, have been widely studied in relation to risky riding behaviors, while the number of studies modeling the effect of infrastructure and environment on risky behaviors is considerably low. Practical applications: In light of the observed findings, the study has highlighted the existing research gaps offering recommendations for future studies to reduce risky riding behaviors among cyclists and promote sustainable transportation.
{"title":"Determinants of risky riding behaviors of cyclists: A literature review","authors":"Rakshita Verma , Pushpa Choudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: With the increasing use of bicycles, cyclists’ fatalities have risen globally. To address the issue of cycling safety, external factors affecting cyclists’ crashes have been well reviewed. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive knowledge on the risky riding behaviors exhibited by cyclists. The aim of the present study is to address this gap by providing an exhaustive review of scientific publications in this field. <em>Method:</em> For this purpose, 85 studies published between January 2010 and December 2024 were identified using the PRISMA approach. The findings of the literature review indicated an increase in the number of publications related to cyclists’ behavior in recent years. The majority of these studies come from European regions and very limited research studies are available from low-and-middle-income-countries, emphasizing the need for further research in this area. A keyword analysis of the literature was done to identify the classes of risky riding behaviors among cyclists including <em>lack of alertness</em>, <em>lateral instability</em>, <em>lack of conspicuity aids and protective equipment</em>, and <em>errors and violations</em>. <em>Results:</em> The literature review provides a detailed discussion on the prevalence of all risky riding behaviors undertaken by cyclists. These behaviors have been evaluated using various assessment measures, including speed, acceleration, lateral position, gaze behavior, etc. The review provides a detailed description of various factors associated with risky riding behaviors, including cyclists’ characteristics, roadway and traffic characteristics, vehicle characteristics, and environmental conditions. It was observed that cyclists’ characteristics, especially age and gender, have been widely studied in relation to risky riding behaviors, while the number of studies modeling the effect of infrastructure and environment on risky behaviors is considerably low. <em>Practical applications:</em> In light of the observed findings, the study has highlighted the existing research gaps offering recommendations for future studies to reduce risky riding behaviors among cyclists and promote sustainable transportation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 424-445"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.021
Temitope Olokunlade , Ledric D. Sherman , Mark E. Benden , Gang Han , Caroline D. Bergeron , Matthew Lee Smith
Introduction: While much is known about the complexities of fall-related risks among older adults, less is known about the risk for falls among men, and especially older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions. To address this crucial gap in safety research, this study examined factors associated with incident falls (1 fall) and recurrent falling (2+ falls) among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men ages ≥60 years with ≥1 chronic condition. Method: Collected with a cross-sectional, web-delivered questionnaire, data were analyzed from a national sample of 779 non-Hispanic Black (58.8%) and Hispanic (41.2%) men. To assess incident and recurrent falls, the number of self-reported falls in the past year was trichotomized (0 falls vs. 1 fall vs. 2+ falls) and used as the dependent variable. A multinomial logistic regression was fitted to assess factors associated with incident and recurrent falls. The model adjusted for sociodemographics, disease characteristics, health status, and social support. Results: On average, participants were aged 66.8 (±5.4) years and reported 3.8 (±2.7) chronic conditions. Seventy-three percent of men reported 0 falls, 12.6% reported 1 fall, and 14.4% reported 2+ falls in the past year. Relative to men reporting 0 falls, Hispanic men (P < 0.05), men with worse general health status (P < 0.05), and those with clinical depression (P < 0.05) were more likely to report incident and recurrent falls, respectively. Men with more comorbidities (P < 0.05) and those with less help/support to manage health problems (P < 0.05) were more likely to report recurrent falls. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of multi-component interventions to prevent falls by strengthening disease self-management, addressing mental health, and introducing social support. Practical applications: This study contributes to the understanding of fall-related risks among older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions and highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration in fall prevention efforts.
{"title":"Incident and recurrent falls among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions","authors":"Temitope Olokunlade , Ledric D. Sherman , Mark E. Benden , Gang Han , Caroline D. Bergeron , Matthew Lee Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> While much is known about the complexities of fall-related risks among older adults, less is known about the risk for falls among men, and especially older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions. To address this crucial gap in safety research, this study examined factors associated with incident falls (1 fall) and recurrent falling (2+ falls) among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men ages ≥60 years with ≥1 chronic condition. <em>Method:</em> Collected with a cross-sectional, web-delivered questionnaire, data were analyzed from a national sample of 779 non-Hispanic Black (58.8%) and Hispanic (41.2%) men. To assess incident and recurrent falls, the number of self-reported falls in the past year was trichotomized (0 falls vs. 1 fall vs. 2+ falls) and used as the dependent variable. A multinomial logistic regression was fitted to assess factors associated with incident and recurrent falls. The model adjusted for sociodemographics, disease characteristics, health status, and social support. <em>Results:</em> On average, participants were aged 66.8 (±5.4) years and reported 3.8 (±2.7) chronic conditions. Seventy-three percent of men reported 0 falls, 12.6% reported 1 fall, and 14.4% reported 2+ falls in the past year. Relative to men reporting 0 falls, Hispanic men (P < 0.05), men with worse general health status (P < 0.05), and those with clinical depression (P < 0.05) were more likely to report incident and recurrent falls, respectively. Men with more comorbidities (P < 0.05) and those with less help/support to manage health problems (P < 0.05) were more likely to report recurrent falls. <em>Conclusions:</em> Findings highlight the importance of multi-component interventions to prevent falls by strengthening disease self-management, addressing mental health, and introducing social support. <em>Practical applications</em>: This study contributes to the understanding of fall-related risks among older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions and highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration in fall prevention efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 416-423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.017
Suzanne M. Marsh , Alysha R. Meyers , Tyler D. Quinn , Steven J. Wurzelbacher , Steven J. Naber
Background: Firefighters face significant occupational hazards resulting in fatal and nonfatal injuries as well as illnesses. This study characterizes the costs of workers’ compensation (WC) claims among Ohio firefighters from 2001 to 2020, providing insights for prevention and resource allocation strategies. Methods: WC claims data for public and private fire departments were analyzed. Claims were categorized by type (medical-only vs. lost-time), demographics, tasks that led to the injury/illness, injury/illness events, and diagnoses. Costs included medical care, indemnity payments, and reserves for future anticipated costs, evaluated as of Q2 2022. Results: Among 37,306 claims, costs totaled $542 million. Lost-time claims accounted for $497 million, while medical-only claims totaled $45 million. Overexertion involving outside sources was the most frequent event, contributing to 27% of claims and $176 million in costs. Patient care activities and long-term exposures had disproportionately high cost-to-claim ratios, highlighting their significant financial burden. A notable increase in cancer-related claims was observed following Ohio’s firefighter cancer presumption law implementation in 2017, reflecting the impact of policy changes on claim trends. Conclusions: This analysis highlights the substantial cost of WC claims among firefighters, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention efforts and resource allocation. The findings underscore the impact of policy changes, such as presumption laws, in shaping WC trends. Future research could examine cost differences across firefighter subgroups and assess the long-term impacts of presumption laws on compensation systems. Practical Applications: Insights from this study provide fire departments and policymakers with critical data to prioritize prevention strategies for high cost injuries, such as overexertion and cancer-related conditions. Findings also support the development of policies and resource allocations aimed at improving firefighter safety.
{"title":"Cost of workers’ compensation claims among firefighters in Ohio, 2001–2020","authors":"Suzanne M. Marsh , Alysha R. Meyers , Tyler D. Quinn , Steven J. Wurzelbacher , Steven J. Naber","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Background:</em> Firefighters face significant occupational hazards resulting in fatal and nonfatal injuries as well as illnesses. This study characterizes the costs of workers’ compensation (WC) claims among Ohio firefighters from 2001 to 2020, providing insights for prevention and resource allocation strategies. <em>Methods:</em> WC claims data for public and private fire departments were analyzed. Claims were categorized by type (medical-only vs. lost-time), demographics, tasks that led to the injury/illness, injury/illness events, and diagnoses. Costs included medical care, indemnity payments, and reserves for future anticipated costs, evaluated as of Q2 2022. <em>Results:</em> Among 37,306 claims, costs totaled $542 million. Lost-time claims accounted for $497 million, while medical-only claims totaled $45 million. Overexertion involving outside sources was the most frequent event, contributing to 27% of claims and $176 million in costs. Patient care activities and long-term exposures had disproportionately high cost-to-claim ratios, highlighting their significant financial burden. A notable increase in cancer-related claims was observed following Ohio’s firefighter cancer presumption law implementation in 2017, reflecting the impact of policy changes on claim trends. <em>Conclusions:</em> This analysis highlights the substantial cost of WC claims among firefighters, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention efforts and resource allocation. The findings underscore the impact of policy changes, such as presumption laws, in shaping WC trends. Future research could examine cost differences across firefighter subgroups and assess the long-term impacts of presumption laws on compensation systems. <em>Practical Applications</em>: Insights from this study provide fire departments and policymakers with critical data to prioritize prevention strategies for high cost injuries, such as overexertion and cancer-related conditions. Findings also support the development of policies and resource allocations aimed at improving firefighter safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 396-404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.022
Daojian Yang, Beibei Liu, Suxia Liu
Introduction: Effective safety management is essential for achieving high safety performance, which is foundational to both employee health and safety and the sustainable development of enterprises. Although substantial research has been conducted on the factors influencing safety performance, current comprehensive understanding remains insufficient. Methods: This study employed the grounded theory approach to identify and code antecedents and moderators of safety performance at four levels: individual, job characteristic, organizational, and social. Based on this analysis, it also developed influencing frameworks for each level, as well as a comprehensive influencing framework. Results: A total of 235 antecedents influencing safety performance were distilled into 47 primary categories, which were ultimately condensed into 19 core categories. At the individual level, these include individual traits, professional quality, psychosomatic health, job behavior, and safety literacy. At the job characteristic level, categories comprise job features, job conditions, organizational climate, and job stress. The organizational level encompasses leadership traits, team traits, safety climate, safety culture, safety commitment and support, safety guidelines, safety management practices, and work management practices. Finally, at the social level, categories consist of socio-economic and technological environments, as well as social safety governance. Similarly, 25 moderators of safety performance were distilled into 14 main categories, which were summarized into 9 core categories. These include personality traits, psychological status, and professional quality at the individual level; job risk at the job characteristic level; and leadership style, safety climate, safety culture, safety support, and safety campaigns at the organizational level. Conclusion: Each level exerts a distinct influence on various dimensions of safety performance, with complex interactions among the influencing factors across different levels. Practical application: The findings of this study can help enterprises identify the root causes of safety performance issues and offer valuable insights for improving safety performance across various levels.
{"title":"Review of research on influencing factors of safety performance: A grounded theory approach","authors":"Daojian Yang, Beibei Liu, Suxia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Effective safety management is essential for achieving high safety performance, which is foundational to both employee health and safety and the sustainable development of enterprises. Although substantial research has been conducted on the factors influencing safety performance, current comprehensive understanding remains insufficient. <em>Methods:</em> This study employed the grounded theory approach to identify and code antecedents and moderators of safety performance at four levels: individual, job characteristic, organizational, and social. Based on this analysis, it also developed influencing frameworks for each level, as well as a comprehensive influencing framework. <em>Results:</em> A total of 235 antecedents influencing safety performance were distilled into 47 primary categories, which were ultimately condensed into 19 core categories. At the individual level, these include individual traits, professional quality, psychosomatic health, job behavior, and safety literacy. At the job characteristic level, categories comprise job features, job conditions, organizational climate, and job stress. The organizational level encompasses leadership traits, team traits, safety climate, safety culture, safety commitment and support, safety guidelines, safety management practices, and work management practices. Finally, at the social level, categories consist of socio-economic and technological environments, as well as social safety governance. Similarly, 25 moderators of safety performance were distilled into 14 main categories, which were summarized into 9 core categories. These include personality traits, psychological status, and professional quality at the individual level; job risk at the job characteristic level; and leadership style, safety climate, safety culture, safety support, and safety campaigns at the organizational level. <em>Conclusion:</em> Each level exerts a distinct influence on various dimensions of safety performance, with complex interactions among the influencing factors across different levels. <em>Practical application:</em> The findings of this study can help enterprises identify the root causes of safety performance issues and offer valuable insights for improving safety performance across various levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 373-395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.016
Ali Işın , Amy E. Peden
Introduction: Drowning is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 15,000 deaths across Europe in 2021. Effective policies and legislation are essential to reduce drowning risk, including in Türkiye where 750 people drown annually. However, the extent to which Türkiye has implemented such approaches to prevent drowning remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the presence and strength of selected national policies or legislation that improve safety around water. Method: Environmental scan methodology identified national policy and legislation for five World Health Organization-identified priority areas: disaster risk management; legislation for safety of water-transport for vessels; mandating lifejacket wear; swimming pool legislation (including fencing and other safety measures); and alcohol regulations. Keyword searches identified relevant documents that were thematically analyzed and evaluated. Results: From 568 documents identified, 14 unique documents were included in the study (disaster risk management [n = 1], passenger water-transport vessel safety [n = 8], lifejacket legislation [n = 5], and swimming pool safety [n = 2]). No relevant alcohol regulations were found. Strong legislation exists around passenger water-transport vessel safety including mandated safety inspections, lifesaving equipment and emergency plans. Although lifejackets carriage is mandatory, lifejacket wear is not mandated. There is no requirement for fencing around swimming pools however, some pool safety measures are robust (i.e., depth restrictions, certified lifeguards). Significant gaps remain regarding disaster risk management and alcohol regulations. Conclusion: Considering Türkiye’s drowning burden, strengthening policies and legislation to support drowning prevention, underpinned by an expanded evidence base, is an urgent priority. Practical Applications: This research makes evidence-based recommendations for improving policy and legislative-based approaches to preventing drowning in Türkiye including the development of a national drowning registry, mandating lifejacket wear (as opposed to carriage) and national registration of swimming pools (both public and private) to support enforcement of recommended improvements to legislation around swimming pool fencing.
{"title":"Effective action for drowning prevention: An environmental scan of national policies and legislation in Türkiye","authors":"Ali Işın , Amy E. Peden","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Drowning is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 15,000 deaths across Europe in 2021. Effective policies and legislation are essential to reduce drowning risk, including in Türkiye where 750 people drown annually. However, the extent to which Türkiye has implemented such approaches to prevent drowning remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the presence and strength of selected national policies or legislation that improve safety around water. <em>Method:</em> Environmental scan methodology identified national policy and legislation for five World Health Organization-identified priority areas: disaster risk management; legislation for safety of water-transport for vessels; mandating lifejacket wear; swimming pool legislation (including fencing and other safety measures); and alcohol regulations. Keyword searches identified relevant documents that were thematically analyzed and evaluated. <em>Results:</em> From 568 documents identified, 14 unique documents were included in the study (disaster risk management [n = 1], passenger water-transport vessel safety [n = 8], lifejacket legislation [n = 5], and swimming pool safety [n = 2]). No relevant alcohol regulations were found. Strong legislation exists around passenger water-transport vessel safety including mandated safety inspections, lifesaving equipment and emergency plans. Although lifejackets carriage is mandatory, lifejacket wear is not mandated. There is no requirement for fencing around swimming pools however, some pool safety measures are robust (i.e., depth restrictions, certified lifeguards). Significant gaps remain regarding disaster risk management and alcohol regulations. <em>Conclusion:</em> Considering Türkiye’s drowning burden, strengthening policies and legislation to support drowning prevention, underpinned by an expanded evidence base, is an urgent priority. <em>Practical Applications:</em> This research makes evidence-based recommendations for improving policy and legislative-based approaches to preventing drowning in Türkiye including the development of a national drowning registry, mandating lifejacket wear (as opposed to carriage) and national registration of swimming pools (both public and private) to support enforcement of recommended improvements to legislation around swimming pool fencing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 405-415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.013
Hao-Jie Su, Yili Liu
Introduction: Road traffic signs are tools to maintain safety and efficiency on the road, and their effectiveness may depend on whether the drivers are domestic or international. This research investigates the effects of driver nationality and some other demographic traits (e.g., English proficiency levels and driving experience) on driver comprehension of U.S. road signs with drivers from three English-speaking countries (the United States, the UK, and India). Method: An online questionnaire was developed and used to collect participants’ responses to three driver tasks: driver road sign comprehension, road sign design features rankings, and Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). Results: The results show that nationality influences driver behavior, and the types of road signs can affect driver comprehension of them. Two of the sign design features (concreteness and familiarity), and one of the two DBQ components (Mistake) also impact the comprehension of road signs. The level of English proficiency also significantly affects the preference rankings of sign design features.
{"title":"Effects of driver behavior and road sign design features on road sign comprehension: an international study","authors":"Hao-Jie Su, Yili Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Road traffic signs are tools to maintain safety and efficiency on the road, and their effectiveness may depend on whether the drivers are domestic or international. This research investigates the effects of driver nationality and some other demographic traits (e.g., English proficiency levels and driving experience) on driver comprehension of U.S. road signs with drivers from three English-speaking countries (the United States, the UK, and India). <em>Method:</em> An online questionnaire was developed and used to collect participants’ responses to three driver tasks: driver road sign comprehension, road sign design features rankings, and Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). <em>Results:</em> The results show that nationality influences driver behavior, and the types of road signs can affect driver comprehension of them. Two of the sign design features (concreteness and familiarity), and one of the two DBQ components (Mistake) also impact the comprehension of road signs. The level of English proficiency also significantly affects the preference rankings of sign design features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 362-372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.014
Shengxuan Ding, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, Samgyu Yang, Chenzhu Wang
Introduction: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have been increasingly integrated into modern vehicles to enhance safety and reduce crash risk, however, a comprehensive evaluation of their safety effectiveness across various traffic conditions is still needed. Method: This study assesses the real-world safety impact of ADAS using data from 3,549 ADAS-equipped vehicles and 3.76 million non-ADAS vehicles involved in two-vehicle crashes covering 34 models and 41 brands from 2017 to 2023. These ADASs are associated with specific driving maneuvers, including lane-changing with Blind Spot Warning (BSW), backing with Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA), and straight-ahead driving with Forward Collision Warning (FCW), and are assumed to be activated during their respective maneuvers. The Quasi-Induced Exposure (QIE) method is applied to compare ADAS-equipped and non-ADAS-equipped vehicles across various conditions, analyzing key variables such as crash outcome, road condition, weather pattern, and driver behavior. Results: Results show that most ADAS-equipped vehicles are effective in reducing crashes under various traffic conditions when compared to non-ADAS-equipped vehicles. Additionally, this research compared a series of Bayesian hierarchical models and selected the best-fitting Bayesian Hierarchical Random-Parameter Model (BHRPM) considering unobserved heterogeneity to investigate the determinants influencing the crash responsibility for ADAS-equipped vehicle. Results reveal that intersections, dark unlit conditions, and higher speeds increase the likelihood of ADAS-equipped vehicle responsibility in a crash, while daylight, rural roads, and lower speeds decrease it. The interaction between vehicle type and ADAS is particularly critical. Practical applications: The analysis highlights both the strengths and limitations of current ADAS, providing a detailed examination of specific ADAS safety functions in the contexts where they are most commonly deployed.
{"title":"Assessing the safety effectiveness of advanced driver assistance systems","authors":"Shengxuan Ding, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, Samgyu Yang, Chenzhu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have been increasingly integrated into modern vehicles to enhance safety and reduce crash risk, however, a comprehensive evaluation of their safety effectiveness across various traffic conditions is still needed. <em>Method:</em> This study assesses the real-world safety impact of ADAS using data from 3,549 ADAS-equipped vehicles and 3.76 million non-ADAS vehicles involved in two-vehicle crashes covering 34 models and 41 brands from 2017 to 2023. These ADASs are associated with specific driving maneuvers, including lane-changing with Blind Spot Warning (BSW), backing with Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA), and straight-ahead driving with Forward Collision Warning (FCW), and are assumed to be activated during their respective maneuvers. The Quasi-Induced Exposure (QIE) method is applied to compare ADAS-equipped and non-ADAS-equipped vehicles across various conditions, analyzing key variables such as crash outcome, road condition, weather pattern, and driver behavior. <em>Results:</em> Results show that most ADAS-equipped vehicles are effective in reducing crashes under various traffic conditions when compared to non-ADAS-equipped vehicles. Additionally, this research compared a series of Bayesian hierarchical models and selected the best-fitting Bayesian Hierarchical Random-Parameter Model (BHRPM) considering unobserved heterogeneity to investigate the determinants influencing the crash responsibility for ADAS-equipped vehicle. Results reveal that intersections, dark unlit conditions, and higher speeds increase the likelihood of ADAS-equipped vehicle responsibility in a crash, while daylight, rural roads, and lower speeds decrease it. The interaction between vehicle type and ADAS is particularly critical. <em>Practical applications:</em> The analysis highlights both the strengths and limitations of current ADAS, providing a detailed examination of specific ADAS safety functions in the contexts where they are most commonly deployed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 345-361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.018
Weiqiang Li , Min Zhao , Yanhong Fu , David C. Schwebel , Na Zhang , Lei Yang , Jingtao Zhou , Youyou Wu , Tongfei Zhang , Peishan Ning , Li Li , Zhenzhen Rao , Guoqing Hu
Introduction: The World Falls Guidelines (WFG) Task Force published a falls risk stratification algorithm in 2022, but its predictive performance was reported only in Ireland, the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, and Malaysia. Methods: Using a nationally representative dataset, the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we analyzed data from six follow-up cohort visits (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 years). The Cochran-Armitage trend test examined trends in fall and fall-related injury rate across the WFG algorithm. Multivariable logistic regression models examined associations between the WFG algorithm and fall and fall-related injury incidence rates. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess predictive performance of the WFG algorithm. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of missing values on principal findings. Results: We included 9,735, 5,377, 4,092, 9,426, 7,776, and 3,355 eligible older adults across the six follow-up time periods, with sample sizes varying due to the study’s dynamic recruitment strategy. Fall risk categorized by WFG algorithm was significantly associated with falls and fall-related injuries at all six follow-up cohorts (p < 0.05). However, its predictive performance for both falls and fall-related injuries was unacceptable, with sensitivity ranging from 20.2% to 32.5% for both outcomes across the six follow-up visits. Sensitivity analyses displayed highly similar results. Conclusion: The WFG algorithm is valuable for predicting future falls and fall-related injuries among older Chinese community-dwellers, but its predictive performance is unacceptable for practical use without considering other contributing factors. Practical Applications: Further methodological modifications of the WFG algorithm are recommended to improve its predictive performance.
{"title":"Performance of risk assessment algorithms recommended by the World Falls Guidelines (WFG) to predict fall and fall-related injury among older Chinese community-dwellers","authors":"Weiqiang Li , Min Zhao , Yanhong Fu , David C. Schwebel , Na Zhang , Lei Yang , Jingtao Zhou , Youyou Wu , Tongfei Zhang , Peishan Ning , Li Li , Zhenzhen Rao , Guoqing Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> The World Falls Guidelines (WFG) Task Force published a falls risk stratification algorithm in 2022, but its predictive performance was reported only in Ireland, the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, and Malaysia. Methods: Using a nationally representative dataset, the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we analyzed data from six follow-up cohort visits (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 years). The Cochran-Armitage trend test examined trends in fall and fall-related injury rate across the WFG algorithm. Multivariable logistic regression models examined associations between the WFG algorithm and fall and fall-related injury incidence rates. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and 95% confidence intervals (95% <em>CIs</em>) were calculated to assess predictive performance of the WFG algorithm. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of missing values on principal findings. <em>Results:</em> We included 9,735, 5,377, 4,092, 9,426, 7,776, and 3,355 eligible older adults across the six follow-up time periods, with sample sizes varying due to the study’s dynamic recruitment strategy. Fall risk categorized by WFG algorithm was significantly associated with falls and fall-related injuries at all six follow-up cohorts (<em>p</em> < 0.05). However, its predictive performance for both falls and fall-related injuries was unacceptable, with sensitivity ranging from 20.2% to 32.5% for both outcomes across the six follow-up visits. Sensitivity analyses displayed highly similar results. Conclusion: The WFG algorithm is valuable for predicting future falls and fall-related injuries among older Chinese community-dwellers, but its predictive performance is unacceptable for practical use without considering other contributing factors. <em>Practical Applications:</em> Further methodological modifications of the WFG algorithm are recommended to improve its predictive performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 338-344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号