Journal of Safety Research最新文献_第2页

What triggers anger behind the wheel? An invariance study on personality traits and risky attitudes in Italian and Australian older drivers 是什么引发了开车时的愤怒？意大利和澳大利亚老年司机性格特征与冒险态度的不变性研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.008

Luigi Tinella , Andrea Bosco , Sjaan Koppel , Sergio Traficante , Elisabetta Ricciardi , Rosa Napoletano , Giuseppina Spano , Mauro Cozzolino , Antonella Lopez , Alessandro O. Caffò

Introduction: Driving Anger (DA) arises from various traffic-related situations and influences risky driving behaviors. While several studies have explored DA in younger drivers, there is limited research focused on older drivers, who represent a growing driving demographic. The current study examined the relationship between personality traits, attitudes toward safety, and DA in 242 Italian and Australian older drivers. Method: Using a multi-group path analysis, we tested the hypothesis that dispositional variables (i.e., personality traits and attitudes towards safety) predict DA in older drivers, controlling for sociodemographic variables (e.g., gender and education). Cultural differences emerged, as Italians showed higher levels of driving anger, while Australians exhibited more positive attitudes toward road safety. Results: The results indicated that different DA facets were differentially predicted by Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, as well as attitudes toward safety, with invariances across nationality groups. Conclusions and practical applications: These findings highlight the role of personality traits in DA among older drivers, suggesting that personality assessment may improve the design of personalized interventions and policy revisions to reduce risky driving in vulnerable groups of drivers.

导语：驾驶愤怒（Driving Anger， DA）产生于各种与交通相关的情况，影响着危险的驾驶行为。虽然有几项研究探讨了年轻司机的DA，但针对老年司机的研究有限，而老年司机代表着不断增长的驾驶人口。目前的研究调查了242名意大利和澳大利亚老年司机的性格特征、对安全的态度和DA之间的关系。方法：采用多群体路径分析，在控制社会人口学变量（如性别和教育）的情况下，我们检验了性格变量（如人格特征和对安全的态度）预测老年驾驶员DA的假设。文化差异出现了，意大利人表现出更高的驾驶愤怒，而澳大利亚人对道路安全表现出更积极的态度。结果：神经质、外向性、开放性、宜人性、尽责性和安全态度对不同行为举止的预测存在差异，且在不同民族间不存在差异。结论和实际应用：这些研究结果突出了人格特征在老年驾驶员危险驾驶中的作用，表明人格评估可以改进个性化干预设计和政策修订，以减少弱势驾驶员群体的危险驾驶。

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引用次数: 0

Developing a situational judgement test (SJT) for safety-minded leadership in high-hazard industries 为高危险行业的安全意识领导开发情境判断测试(SJT

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.013

Ryan Cook, Gregory G. Anderson, Mark Fleming

Introduction: Safety-specific transformational leadership (SSTFL) is a critical factor in fostering a proactive safety culture by encouraging both compliance and initiative among employees. However, traditional leadership assessments often fail to capture the unique competencies required for effective safety leadership in high-hazard industries. While general self-report personality tests have been used to predict future leadership behaviors, tools for specifically assessing SSTFL are limited. To address this gap, the current study developed and evaluated a Situational Judgement Test (SJT) designed to predict safety-minded leadership behaviors. Method: Using a two-wave study with a sample of participants with management experience in high-hazard industries, the study employed a 2 (honest vs. incentivized faking) × 2 (basic vs. disarming instructions) between-subjects design to refine the assessment tool and mitigate social desirability bias. Following item reduction, the final 15-item SJT demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, reasonable test–retest reliability, and positive correlation with another safety leadership measure. Results: Results indicated that instruction type and response condition did significantly influence scores in the preliminary list of SJT items, but not the revised version, supporting the robustness of the final 15-item measure. SJT Scores from Wave 1 were also predictive of self-reported safety behaviors at Wave 2 above and beyond other variables. By integrating realistic workplace scenarios, behaviorally anchored response options, and minimizing socially desirable responding, this SJT provides a promising tool for assessing safety behavior and what managers would choose to do, rather than their knowledge of what should be done. Future research and applications for organizational settings are discussed.

导言：安全转型领导（SSTFL）是通过鼓励员工的合规性和主动性来培养积极主动的安全文化的关键因素。然而，传统的领导力评估往往无法捕捉到在高风险行业中有效的安全领导力所需的独特能力。虽然一般的自我报告人格测试已被用于预测未来的领导行为，但专门评估SSTFL的工具有限。为了解决这一差距，本研究开发并评估了一种情景判断测试（SJT），旨在预测安全意识的领导行为。方法：采用两波研究方法，选取具有高风险行业管理经验的参与者为样本，采用2（诚实vs激励欺骗）× 2（基本vs解除武器指示）的被试设计来完善评估工具并减轻社会期望偏差。缩减项目后，最终的15项SJT具有可接受的内部一致性，合理的重测信度，并与另一项安全领导测量呈正相关。结果：结果显示，教学类型和反应条件对SJT量表初稿的得分有显著影响，而修订后的量表对得分无显著影响，支持最终15项量表的稳健性。第一波的SJT分数也可以预测第二波的自我报告安全行为，超过其他变量。通过整合现实的工作场所场景，行为锚定的反应选项，并尽量减少社会期望的反应，该SJT提供了一个有前途的工具来评估安全行为和管理者会选择做什么，而不是他们应该做什么。讨论了组织设置的未来研究和应用。

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引用次数: 0

Building a credible case for safety: Approach proposal for Automated Driving Systems 建立一个可靠的安全案例：自动驾驶系统的方法建议

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.019

Francesca Margherita Favarò, Laura Fraade-Blanar, Scott Schnelle, Trent Victor, Mauricio Peña, Johan Engström, John Scanlon, Kris Kusano, Dan Smith

Introduction: This paper outlines a systematic approach to tackle the creation of a safety case for Automated Driving Systems (ADS) that operate without a driver. A safety case is a formal way to explain how an ADS developer determines that its system is safe enough to be deployed on public roads without a human driver, and it includes evidence to support that determination. It involves an explanation of the system, the methodologies used to develop it, the metrics used to validate it and the actual results of validation tests. Yet, in order to develop a worthwhile safety case, it is first important to understand what makes it credible and well crafted, and align on evaluation criteria. This paper helps enable such alignment by providing foundational thinking into not only how a system is determined to be ready for deployment but also into justifying that the set of acceptance criteria employed in such determination is sufficient and that their evaluation (and associated methods) is credible. The presentation is anchored around the acknowledgement that absolute zero risk is unattainable, framing the definition of safety around the notion of “absence of unreasonable risk” in accordance with state of the art safety standards. The publication is structured around three complementary perspectives on safety: a layered approach to safety; a dynamic approach to safety; and a credible approach to safety. Each perspective focuses on the principles and methodological approach, rather than specific results that are often proprietary and this paper does not feature a full safety case nor the evidence to support it. While centered around the example of a SAE Level 4 ADS, the proposed approach is technology- and methodology-agnostic, making it adaptable for use in whole or in part by any entity in the field.

简介：本文概述了一种系统的方法来解决自动驾驶系统（ADS）在没有驾驶员的情况下运行的安全案例的创建。安全案例是一种正式的方式，用来解释ADS开发商如何确定其系统足够安全，可以在没有人类驾驶员的情况下在公共道路上部署，并包括支持该决定的证据。它包括对系统的解释，用于开发它的方法，用于验证它的度量以及验证测试的实际结果。然而，为了开发一个有价值的安全案例，首先重要的是要了解是什么使它可信和精心设计，并与评估标准保持一致。本文不仅提供了对系统如何确定为部署做好准备的基本思考，而且还提供了证明在这种确定中使用的接受标准集是充分的，并且它们的评估（以及相关的方法）是可信的。该陈述的基础是承认绝对零风险是不可能实现的，根据最先进的安全标准，围绕“不存在不合理风险”的概念构建安全的定义。该出版物的结构围绕三个互补的安全观点：安全的分层方法；一种动态的安全方法；以及一种可靠的安全方法。每个观点都侧重于原则和方法方法，而不是通常专有的具体结果，本文没有提供完整的安全性案例或支持它的证据。虽然以SAE 4级ADS为例，但所提出的方法与技术和方法无关，因此适用于该领域的任何实体的全部或部分使用。

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引用次数: 0

Walking the talk of safety: Exploring the organizational safety-contingency system and its relationship with safety leadership 走安全之路：探索组织安全应急系统及其与安全领导的关系

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.010

Amanda Ulfdotter Samuelsson, Pernilla Larsman, Martin Grill

Introduction: Safety is a critical concern in the construction industry, and it is well recognized that managers play a vital role in shaping it. However, there is a lack of research and knowledge on whether and how the organizational context influences safety leadership. This study investigates the previously underexplored relationship between the Organizational Safety-Contingency System (i.e., patterns of antecedent and consequential stimuli connected to safety behaviors within an organization) and safety leadership among managers in the construction industry. Method: Survey data were collected from 1,061 first-line and middle managers by a Swedish trade union for managers in the civil engineering industry. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to investigate the relationships between Organizational Safety-Contingency Antecedents and Consequences and general and specific safety leadership. Results: Both aspects of the Organizational Safety-Contingency System (Organizational Safety-Contingency Antecedents (OSC_A) and Consequences (OSC_C)) were significantly and positively associated with general and specific safety leadership among managers. Conclusions: The Organizational Safety-Contingency System is positively associated with managerial safety leadership. Higher levels of resource-based antecedents and favorable consequences for safety leadership are linked to higher reported levels of safety leadership among managers. Practical applications: This study provides valuable insights into the previously underexplored relationships between the Organizational Safety-Contingency System and managers’ safety leadership. Employers should ensure high levels of antecedent stimuli that enable and facilitate safety leadership (e.g., knowledge, time, equipment and personnel). They should also ensure that safety leadership leads to high levels of favorable consequences (e.g., positive recognition and career advancement) while safety-neglecting leadership does not. Applied Behavior Analysis is proposed as a useful framework for providing theoretically anchored and practically applicable guidance for employers seeking to systematically enhance safety leadership within their organizations.

导言：安全是建筑行业的一个关键问题，众所周知，管理人员在塑造安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，关于组织环境是否以及如何影响安全领导的研究和知识缺乏。本研究调查了以前未被充分探索的组织安全应急系统（即，与组织内安全行为相关的先行和后果刺激模式）与建筑行业管理人员的安全领导之间的关系。方法：瑞典某土木工程行业管理人员工会对1061名一线和中层管理人员进行调查。采用结构方程模型（SEM）研究了组织安全-突发事件前因和后果与一般安全领导和特定安全领导的关系。结果：组织安全-应急系统的两个方面（组织安全-应急前事（OSC_A）和后果（OSC_C））与管理者的一般和特定安全领导显著正相关。结论：组织安全应急系统与管理者安全领导呈正相关。较高水平的资源为基础的前因由和有利的安全领导结果与较高水平的安全领导在管理人员中报告相关联。实际应用：本研究为以前未被充分探索的组织安全应急系统与管理者安全领导之间的关系提供了有价值的见解。雇主应确保高水平的事前刺激，以实现和促进安全领导（例如，知识、时间、设备和人员）。他们还应该确保安全领导会带来高水平的有利结果（例如，积极的认可和职业发展），而忽视安全的领导则不会。应用行为分析被提出作为一个有用的框架，为雇主寻求系统地加强其组织内的安全领导提供理论锚定和实际适用的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Uncovering contextual risk patterns in cannabis-involved fatal crashes: A data-driven approach to public health-oriented road safety 揭示与大麻有关的致命车祸的背景风险模式：以数据为导向的公共卫生道路安全方法

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.005

Rohit Chakraborty , Sazzad Bin Bashar Polock , Biplov Pandey , Sawgat Ahmed Shuvo , Kakan Dey , Subasish Das

Introduction: As cannabis legalization expands across the United States, concerns about its impact on road safety and public health continue to grow. This study examined fatal crashes involving cannabis-involved drivers using national data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) between 2018 and 2022, focusing on cases where cannabis was toxicologically confirmed in the driver’s bloodstream. Method: To uncover underlying crash typologies, we applied Cluster Correspondence Analysis (CCA), a two-way dimension reduction method optimized for categorical data, to reveal patterns across roadway environments, driver demographics, crash dynamics, and environmental conditions. Results: The analysis revealed six distinct crash clusters: rural straight-roadway single-vehicle collisions, high-speed multi-vehicle crashes with lane conflicts, single-vehicle crashes on curves with loss of control, turning and yielding errors at intersections, unusual user and road conditions with pedestrian involvement, and nighttime urban crashes involving vulnerable road users. These findings highlighted the intersection of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-positive toxicology and systemic infrastructure vulnerabilities that contribute to fatal outcomes in cannabis-involved crashes. Conclusions and Practical Applications: By using a method designed for complex categorical datasets, this research provided novel insights into the multifaceted risks associated with drug-impaired driving. The results could inform targeted countermeasures, such as improved roadway lighting, intersection design, and behavioral interventions, offering a data-driven foundation for public health–oriented traffic safety strategies.

导言：随着大麻合法化在美国各地的扩大，人们对其对道路安全和公共健康的影响的关切继续增加。这项研究使用2018年至2022年期间死亡分析报告系统（FARS）的国家数据，调查了涉及大麻的司机的致命车祸，重点关注了在司机血液中经毒理学证实的大麻病例。方法：为了揭示潜在的碰撞类型，我们应用了聚类对应分析（CCA），这是一种针对分类数据进行优化的双向降维方法，以揭示道路环境、驾驶员人口统计、碰撞动态和环境条件的模式。结果：分析揭示了六个不同的碰撞集群：农村直道单车碰撞，高速多车碰撞，车道冲突，失去控制的弯道单车碰撞，十字路口转弯和让步错误，行人参与的异常用户和道路状况，以及涉及弱势道路使用者的夜间城市碰撞。这些发现强调了四氢大麻酚（THC）阳性毒理学和系统性基础设施脆弱性的交集，这些脆弱性导致了与大麻有关的撞车事故的致命结果。结论和实际应用：通过使用一种针对复杂分类数据集设计的方法，本研究为与药物受损驾驶相关的多方面风险提供了新的见解。研究结果可以为有针对性的对策提供信息，如改善道路照明、交叉口设计和行为干预，为以公共健康为导向的交通安全战略提供数据驱动的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Nonfatal work-related injuries treated in hospital emergency departments in the U.S., 2012–2023 2012-2023年美国医院急诊科治疗的非致命性工伤

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.012

Suzanne M. Marsh, Susan J. Derk, Kitty J. Hendricks

Introduction: Work-related injury surveillance is an important mechanism to measure occupational injuries and exposures. Although there is no single source of nonfatal occupational injury surveillance data, the Occupational Supplement to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS-Work) has been used for many years. Calendar year 2023 was the final year of data collection for NEISS-Work. This paper provides an overview of NEISS-Work data from 2012 to 2023 and compares the earliest year of results (1998) to the final year (2023). Methods: Nonfatal workplace injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments (EDs) were analyzed using data from NEISS-Work. Data from the U.S. Current Population Survey were used as denominators in the calculation of rates per full-time equivalents (FTE). Results: From 2012 to 2023, an estimated 29 million (±5.3 million) work-related injuries were treated in hospital EDs, resulting in a rate of 163 ED-treated injuries per 10,000 FTE. Male workers incurred 65% of the total injuries. Workers aged 15–19 years had the highest injury rate of 330 per 10,000 FTE. Contact with objects and equipment; overexertion/bodily reaction; and falls, slips, and trips combined represented 75% of worker injuries treated in EDs. Workplace violence events were the only injury category that increased over this period. Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that nonfatal work-related injuries have decreased. The drivers of this decrease are unclear and may include improvements in workplace safety or lingering effects of the pandemic. Practical Applications: NEISS-Work data have played a critical role in the surveillance of nonfatal occupational injuries in the United States for 25 years. NEISS-Work data are no longer collected. Future surveillance efforts may begin identifying other sources of nonfatal occupational injury data that complement existing resources.

简介：工伤监测是衡量职业伤害和暴露的重要机制。虽然没有单一的非致命性职业伤害监测数据来源，但国家电子伤害监测系统（NEISS-Work）的职业补充已经使用了多年。2023日历年是NEISS-Work数据收集的最后一年。本文概述了2012年至2023年的NEISS-Work数据，并比较了最早的一年（1998年）和最后一年（2023年）的结果。方法：使用NEISS-Work的数据分析美国急诊科（EDs）处理的非致命性工作场所伤害。来自美国当前人口调查的数据被用作计算每全职当量（FTE）比率的分母。结果：从2012年到2023年，估计有2900万例（±530万）工伤在医院急诊科接受治疗，导致每10,000名FTE中有163例接受急诊科治疗的工伤。男性工人造成的伤害占总数的65%。15-19岁工人的受伤率最高，为330 / 10,000。接触物体和设备；用力过度/身体反应;跌倒、滑倒和绊倒加起来占急诊室处理的工伤总数的75%。在此期间，工作场所暴力事件是唯一增加的伤害类别。结论：本研究的结果表明，非致命性工伤已经减少。这种下降的原因尚不清楚，可能包括工作场所安全的改善或大流行的挥之不去的影响。实际应用：NEISS-Work数据在美国25年来的非致命性职业伤害监测中发挥了关键作用。不再收集NEISS-Work数据。未来的监测工作可能会开始确定其他非致命性职业伤害数据来源，以补充现有资源。

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引用次数: 0

How racial segregation contributes to disparities in pedestrian safety 种族隔离如何导致行人安全的差异

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.014

Sina Asgharpour, Afshin Allahyari, Masoud ArfaeiYazdiPour, Abolfazl (Kouros) Mohammadian

Introduction

Everyone deserves the right to walk safely in their neighborhoods. However, racial segregation can disproportionately escalate the risk of pedestrian crashes, exposing certain racial communities to higher risk levels. This study investigates racial disparities in the distribution of severe pedestrian crashes (fatal and injury-related) in terms of residential segregation in the City of Chicago, an urban area with pronounced racial segregation.

Method

We constructed a detailed Census Block Group–level dataset by integrating multiple data sources, including socio-demographic variables, built environment characteristics, crime rates, and crash records. Our analysis reveals that although Black-majority block groups represent only 24% of Chicago’s population, they account for 37% of all severe pedestrian crashes, indicating significant racial disparities in pedestrian safety. We employed multiple indices to characterize racial segregation and classify neighborhoods into four areas: Black, Hispanic, White-majority, and Mixed communities. We developed Spatial Lag Negative Binomial (SLNB) model to examine the main drivers contributing to severe pedestrian crashes across these communities.

Results

Five major categories of variables were identified as significant predictors: exposure factors, socio-demographic characteristics, indicators of social exclusion, spatial and temporal conditions, and transit accessibility. The results indicate that while crash risk in White-majority areas is more associated with socio-demographic characteristics, Black and Hispanic-majority areas are disproportionately affected by infrastructure deficits, such as poor transit accessibility and inadequate nighttime lighting. Distinct patterns associated with segregated communities were highlighted, shedding light on unique challenges faced by these groups.

Conclusions and practical applications

The findings from this study provide valuable insights for city authorities focused on two critical goals: enhancing pedestrian safety and dismantling barriers to equitable access to safe walking environments for all communities.

每个人都有权利在自己的社区里安全行走。然而，种族隔离会不成比例地增加行人撞车的风险，使某些种族社区面临更高的风险。本研究调查了芝加哥市（一个种族隔离明显的城市地区）在居住隔离方面的严重行人碰撞（致命和伤害相关）分布的种族差异。方法通过整合多个数据源，包括社会人口统计变量、建筑环境特征、犯罪率和撞车记录，构建了详细的人口普查街区组级数据集。我们的分析显示，虽然黑人占多数的街区群体只占芝加哥人口的24%，但他们占所有严重行人撞车事故的37%，这表明行人安全方面存在显著的种族差异。我们采用多种指标来描述种族隔离的特征，并将社区分为四个区域：黑人、西班牙裔、白人占多数和混合社区。我们开发了空间滞后负二项（SLNB）模型来研究导致这些社区严重行人碰撞的主要驱动因素。结果确定了暴露因素、社会人口统计学特征、社会排斥指标、时空条件和交通可达性等五大变量类型。结果表明，虽然白人占多数的地区的撞车风险与社会人口特征更多地相关，但黑人和西班牙裔占多数的地区不成比例地受到基础设施不足的影响，例如交通便利性差和夜间照明不足。强调了与隔离社区有关的独特模式，揭示了这些群体面临的独特挑战。结论和实际应用本研究的结果为城市当局关注两个关键目标提供了宝贵的见解：加强行人安全，消除所有社区公平获得安全步行环境的障碍。

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引用次数: 0

Bystanding to prevent drink-driving: Young adults’ descriptions of factors that promote and restrict their behavior 旁观预防酒驾：年轻人对促进和限制他们行为的因素的描述

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.011

Lisa Buckley, Michelle Nicolls

Introduction: Drink driving remains a leading contributor to motor-vehicle fatalities. For young adults, a sizeable proportion of their drinking is with friends, who may have opportunity to plan ahead or potentially intervene and speak up against drink-driving. We sought to explore young adults’ preventive behaviors toward friends and the potential relevance for the classic Latané and Darley social psychology theory of bystander intervention. Method: Across two studies we interviewed 63, 18–25-year-old Australians, using semi-structured interview schedules (approximately 30–45 min). Study 1 focused on experiences and perception of driving the day after drinking; and study 2 explored online communication about drink-driving. Exploration in both studies considered strategies used to support friends and prevent drink-driving. We used a deductive theory-guided approach considering: perceptions and interpretation of risk/ danger around drink-driving, a sense of responsibility, and having the confidence to enact a prevention strategy with friends. In addition, an inductive approach was employed to explore descriptions of protective behavior. Results: The bystander theory provided an appropriate conceptualization with findings highlighting consideration of noticing and interpreting drink-driving as harmful. Findings highlighted that young adults value looking out for their friends and to a lesser extent described considerations of the challenges they had in supporting their friends. Conclusions: The descriptions provided by young adults highlight nuance and considerations made in attempts to reduce the likelihood of drink-driving. The theory provided structure to findings and highlights potential considerations in attempts to promote bystander intervention among young adults.

酒驾仍然是机动车死亡事故的主要原因。对于年轻人来说，他们有相当大的比例是和朋友一起喝酒，他们可能有机会提前计划或潜在地干预并反对酒驾。我们试图探索年轻人对朋友的预防行为及其与经典的latan和Darley社会心理学理论的潜在关联。方法：在两项研究中，我们采访了63名18 - 25岁的澳大利亚人，使用半结构化的采访时间表（大约30-45分钟）。研究1侧重于酒后驾驶当天的体验和感知；研究2探讨了关于酒后驾驶的在线交流。两项研究的探索都考虑了支持朋友和防止酒驾的策略。我们使用了演绎理论指导的方法，考虑到：对酒后驾驶风险/危险的感知和解释，责任感，以及与朋友制定预防策略的信心。此外，采用归纳方法探讨保护行为的描述。结果：旁观者理论提供了一个适当的概念化，研究结果突出了注意和解释酒驾有害的考虑。调查结果强调，年轻人重视照顾他们的朋友，并在较小程度上描述了他们在支持朋友方面遇到的挑战。结论：年轻人提供的描述强调了试图减少酒驾可能性的细微差别和考虑。该理论为研究结果提供了结构，并强调了在年轻人中促进旁观者干预的潜在考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Struck-by fatalities in construction: A systematic review of regulatory roles, responsibilities, and research gaps 建筑中遇袭死亡：对监管角色、责任和研究差距的系统回顾

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.010

David Kudlinski, JuHyeong Ryu

Introduction: Construction struck-by fatalities involving heavy equipment and vehicles have remained high over the past decade, despite comprehensive OSHA and ANSI/ASSP authoritative frameworks that define specific safety roles and responsibilities for employers, supervisors, and workers. This systematic literature review examined how current research covers the safety roles and responsibilities outlined in authoritative standards for struck-by prevention. Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, this study reviewed 87 peer-reviewed studies published between 2011 and 2024 from major databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore. Studies were evaluated using binary coding to determine coverage of seven construction safety roles and six responsibility categories derived from OSHA 29 CFR 1926 and ANSI/ASSP A10.47-2021 standards. Results: The results show that only 26% of potential role instances and 51% of responsibility instances were substantively addressed. A three-tier pattern emerged where high-focus roles (General Laborer 33%, Equipment Operator 25%, Employer/Manager 19%) dominated research attention, while critical frontline positions received minimal coverage (Spotter 4%, Crane Crew 4%, Crane A/D Director 3%, Traffic Control Supervisor 2%). Three methodological approaches, Incident Database Analysis, Proximity Sensors, and Digital Site Mapping, accounted for 77% of all studies. Conclusions: This study contributes to current knowledge by revealing a significant disconnect between research and standards in struck-by prevention, where essential safety roles integral to authoritative frameworks remains understudied in academic literature. Practical Applications: The findings highlight the need for an integrated research agenda that bridges authoritative requirements with operational practice and expands methodological diversity to capture the full complexity of struck-by prevention.

导论：在过去的十年中，尽管OSHA和ANSI/ASSP权威框架为雇主、主管和工人定义了具体的安全角色和责任，但涉及重型设备和车辆的建筑事故死亡率仍然很高。这一系统的文献综述检查了目前的研究如何涵盖安全角色和责任概述的权威标准的打击预防。方法：根据PRISMA指南，本研究回顾了2011年至2024年间发表的87篇同行评议研究，这些研究来自Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed和IEEE Xplore等主要数据库。研究使用二进制编码进行评估，以确定来自OSHA 29 CFR 1926和ANSI/ASSP A10.47-2021标准的七个建筑安全角色和六个责任类别的覆盖范围。结果：结果表明，只有26%的潜在角色实例和51%的责任实例得到了实质性的处理。出现了三层模式，其中高度关注的角色（一般工人33%，设备操作员25%，雇主/经理19%）主导了研究关注，而关键一线职位的覆盖率最低（侦察员4%，起重机机组人员4%，起重机A/D主管3%，交通管制主管2%）。三种方法方法，事件数据库分析，接近传感器和数字站点地图，占所有研究的77%。结论：本研究通过揭示研究与预防中风标准之间的重大脱节，为当前的知识做出了贡献，其中权威框架不可或缺的基本安全角色在学术文献中仍未得到充分研究。实际应用：研究结果强调需要一个综合研究议程，将权威要求与操作实践联系起来，并扩大方法多样性，以充分了解打击预防的复杂性。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the effectiveness of traffic control devices in deterring wrong-way driving by alcohol-impaired drivers: a driving simulator study 评估交通控制装置在阻止酒驾司机错误驾驶方面的有效性：驾驶模拟器研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.006

Yukun Song , Qing Chang , Huaguo Zhou , Christopher Correia , Taylor B. Stanley , Kayla Neeley

Introduction: This research paper analyzes the cognitive abilities of severely intoxicated drivers and evaluates the effectiveness of engineering countermeasures aimed at preventing wrong-way entry onto freeways through interchange exit ramps. Method: The study involved testing 30 male participants in a driving simulator featuring scenarios with various combinations of traditional and innovative wrong-way-related traffic control devices, such as signs and pavement markings. Each participant participated in three separate simulator sessions: an initial training session, a sober session, and an intoxicated session targeting a blood alcohol level of 0.12 g/dL, the highest level observed in previous studies due to safety concerns. The researchers recorded the number of wrong-way driving (WWD) incidents and tracked participants’ gaze using eye-tracking devices. Results: Through descriptive and statistical analyses—such as t-tests and ANOVA—the study identifies which wrong-way warning methods are more effective, based on observed virtual driving behaviors, including the number of WWD incidents and fixation durations. The results indicated that the California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (CA MUTCD) combination effectively reduces WWD incidents for both intoxicated and sober drivers. Additionally, given the slower information processing speed and altered gaze distribution of intoxicated drivers, it is crucial to implement traffic control devices (TCDs) that attract attention more effectively and are easier for intoxicated drivers to process, such as wrong-way signs with flashing borders and raised reflective pavement markers (RRPMs). Practical applications: These findings offer valuable insights for designing effective countermeasures to improve freeway safety and reduce the risk of wrong-way entry incidents.

本研究分析了严重醉酒驾驶员的认知能力，并评估了旨在防止通过立交出口匝道错误进入高速公路的工程对策的有效性。研究方法：在驾驶模拟器中对30名男性参与者进行测试，模拟的场景包括传统和创新的与错误道路相关的交通控制装置的各种组合，如标志和路面标记。每个参与者都参加了三个独立的模拟器课程：初始训练课程，清醒课程和醉酒课程，目标是血液酒精水平达到0.12 g/dL，这是先前研究中由于安全考虑而观察到的最高水平。研究人员记录了逆行驾驶（WWD）事件的数量，并使用眼球追踪设备追踪参与者的目光。结果：通过描述性和统计分析，如t检验和方差分析，研究根据观察到的虚拟驾驶行为，包括WWD事件的数量和注视时间，确定哪种错误的警告方法更有效。结果表明，加州统一交通控制设备手册（CA MUTCD）组合有效地减少了醉酒和清醒驾驶员的WWD事件。此外，考虑到醉酒驾驶员的信息处理速度较慢和视线分布改变，实施更有效地吸引注意力并更容易被醉酒驾驶员处理的交通控制装置（tcd）至关重要，例如带有闪烁边界的错误方向标志和凸起的反光路面标志（rrpm）。实际应用：这些发现为设计有效的对策提供了有价值的见解，以提高高速公路的安全性，降低错误进入事故的风险。

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引用次数: 0