Journal of Safety Research最新文献_第3页

Walking the talk of safety: Exploring the organizational safety-contingency system and its relationship with safety leadership 走安全之路：探索组织安全应急系统及其与安全领导的关系

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.010

Amanda Ulfdotter Samuelsson, Pernilla Larsman, Martin Grill

Introduction: Safety is a critical concern in the construction industry, and it is well recognized that managers play a vital role in shaping it. However, there is a lack of research and knowledge on whether and how the organizational context influences safety leadership. This study investigates the previously underexplored relationship between the Organizational Safety-Contingency System (i.e., patterns of antecedent and consequential stimuli connected to safety behaviors within an organization) and safety leadership among managers in the construction industry. Method: Survey data were collected from 1,061 first-line and middle managers by a Swedish trade union for managers in the civil engineering industry. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to investigate the relationships between Organizational Safety-Contingency Antecedents and Consequences and general and specific safety leadership. Results: Both aspects of the Organizational Safety-Contingency System (Organizational Safety-Contingency Antecedents (OSC_A) and Consequences (OSC_C)) were significantly and positively associated with general and specific safety leadership among managers. Conclusions: The Organizational Safety-Contingency System is positively associated with managerial safety leadership. Higher levels of resource-based antecedents and favorable consequences for safety leadership are linked to higher reported levels of safety leadership among managers. Practical applications: This study provides valuable insights into the previously underexplored relationships between the Organizational Safety-Contingency System and managers’ safety leadership. Employers should ensure high levels of antecedent stimuli that enable and facilitate safety leadership (e.g., knowledge, time, equipment and personnel). They should also ensure that safety leadership leads to high levels of favorable consequences (e.g., positive recognition and career advancement) while safety-neglecting leadership does not. Applied Behavior Analysis is proposed as a useful framework for providing theoretically anchored and practically applicable guidance for employers seeking to systematically enhance safety leadership within their organizations.

导言：安全是建筑行业的一个关键问题，众所周知，管理人员在塑造安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，关于组织环境是否以及如何影响安全领导的研究和知识缺乏。本研究调查了以前未被充分探索的组织安全应急系统（即，与组织内安全行为相关的先行和后果刺激模式）与建筑行业管理人员的安全领导之间的关系。方法：瑞典某土木工程行业管理人员工会对1061名一线和中层管理人员进行调查。采用结构方程模型（SEM）研究了组织安全-突发事件前因和后果与一般安全领导和特定安全领导的关系。结果：组织安全-应急系统的两个方面（组织安全-应急前事（OSC_A）和后果（OSC_C））与管理者的一般和特定安全领导显著正相关。结论：组织安全应急系统与管理者安全领导呈正相关。较高水平的资源为基础的前因由和有利的安全领导结果与较高水平的安全领导在管理人员中报告相关联。实际应用：本研究为以前未被充分探索的组织安全应急系统与管理者安全领导之间的关系提供了有价值的见解。雇主应确保高水平的事前刺激，以实现和促进安全领导（例如，知识、时间、设备和人员）。他们还应该确保安全领导会带来高水平的有利结果（例如，积极的认可和职业发展），而忽视安全的领导则不会。应用行为分析被提出作为一个有用的框架，为雇主寻求系统地加强其组织内的安全领导提供理论锚定和实际适用的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Nonfatal work-related injuries treated in hospital emergency departments in the U.S., 2012–2023 2012-2023年美国医院急诊科治疗的非致命性工伤

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.012

Suzanne M. Marsh, Susan J. Derk, Kitty J. Hendricks

Introduction: Work-related injury surveillance is an important mechanism to measure occupational injuries and exposures. Although there is no single source of nonfatal occupational injury surveillance data, the Occupational Supplement to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS-Work) has been used for many years. Calendar year 2023 was the final year of data collection for NEISS-Work. This paper provides an overview of NEISS-Work data from 2012 to 2023 and compares the earliest year of results (1998) to the final year (2023). Methods: Nonfatal workplace injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments (EDs) were analyzed using data from NEISS-Work. Data from the U.S. Current Population Survey were used as denominators in the calculation of rates per full-time equivalents (FTE). Results: From 2012 to 2023, an estimated 29 million (±5.3 million) work-related injuries were treated in hospital EDs, resulting in a rate of 163 ED-treated injuries per 10,000 FTE. Male workers incurred 65% of the total injuries. Workers aged 15–19 years had the highest injury rate of 330 per 10,000 FTE. Contact with objects and equipment; overexertion/bodily reaction; and falls, slips, and trips combined represented 75% of worker injuries treated in EDs. Workplace violence events were the only injury category that increased over this period. Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that nonfatal work-related injuries have decreased. The drivers of this decrease are unclear and may include improvements in workplace safety or lingering effects of the pandemic. Practical Applications: NEISS-Work data have played a critical role in the surveillance of nonfatal occupational injuries in the United States for 25 years. NEISS-Work data are no longer collected. Future surveillance efforts may begin identifying other sources of nonfatal occupational injury data that complement existing resources.

简介：工伤监测是衡量职业伤害和暴露的重要机制。虽然没有单一的非致命性职业伤害监测数据来源，但国家电子伤害监测系统（NEISS-Work）的职业补充已经使用了多年。2023日历年是NEISS-Work数据收集的最后一年。本文概述了2012年至2023年的NEISS-Work数据，并比较了最早的一年（1998年）和最后一年（2023年）的结果。方法：使用NEISS-Work的数据分析美国急诊科（EDs）处理的非致命性工作场所伤害。来自美国当前人口调查的数据被用作计算每全职当量（FTE）比率的分母。结果：从2012年到2023年，估计有2900万例（±530万）工伤在医院急诊科接受治疗，导致每10,000名FTE中有163例接受急诊科治疗的工伤。男性工人造成的伤害占总数的65%。15-19岁工人的受伤率最高，为330 / 10,000。接触物体和设备；用力过度/身体反应;跌倒、滑倒和绊倒加起来占急诊室处理的工伤总数的75%。在此期间，工作场所暴力事件是唯一增加的伤害类别。结论：本研究的结果表明，非致命性工伤已经减少。这种下降的原因尚不清楚，可能包括工作场所安全的改善或大流行的挥之不去的影响。实际应用：NEISS-Work数据在美国25年来的非致命性职业伤害监测中发挥了关键作用。不再收集NEISS-Work数据。未来的监测工作可能会开始确定其他非致命性职业伤害数据来源，以补充现有资源。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling speed limit compliance in shared spaces 在共享空间中建模速度限制遵从性

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.013

Amrit Ghimire , Stewart A. Birrell , William Payre , Ashim K. Debnath

Introduction: While shared spaces (also known as shared zones) encourage interaction among road users, non-compliance with posted speed limits is a key safety concern. Most research concerning drivers’ speeding behavior in shared spaces has predominantly centered on descriptive analyses and statistical testing, neglecting to account for the effects of shared space features, vehicle types, and traffic characteristics on speeds. As a result, there exists a significant knowledge gap regarding how the attributes of shared zones, surrounding traffic, and vehicle platoons impact driver speeds. Method: Speed data from two shared spaces in Australia were analyzed using left-censored Tobit regression models (non-compliant: continuous, compliant: zero) to assess drivers’ compliance with posted speed limits. Results: Results showed that the magnitude and probability of speeding were significantly reduced by the number of conflicts involving the vehicle and the provision of parking spaces in shared spaces. Conversely, vehicles such as cars, two-wheelers, and those with surrounding vehicles speeding exhibited lower compliance probabilities, while heavy vehicles and those following them showed higher likelihoods of compliance. However, the time of day or day of week had no significant influence on drivers’ speeding behavior, indicating consistent traffic interactions and compliance behaviors throughout the week. Conclusions: This study identifies key factors influencing speeding behavior in shared spaces and provides insights for identifying countermeasures and promoting safer interactions. Practical applications: The findings can help urban planners and policymakers set appropriate speed limits, develop better shared space designs, and enhance safety for all users, particularly those who are the most vulnerable.

简介：虽然共享空间（也称为共享区）鼓励道路使用者之间的互动，但不遵守张贴的速度限制是一个关键的安全问题。大多数关于驾驶员在共享空间超速行为的研究主要集中在描述性分析和统计测试上，忽视了共享空间特征、车辆类型和交通特征对速度的影响。因此，关于共享区域、周围交通和车辆排的属性如何影响驾驶员速度，存在着很大的知识差距。方法：使用左截后Tobit回归模型（不符合：连续，符合：零）分析澳大利亚两个共享空间的速度数据，以评估驾驶员对张贴限速的遵守情况。结果：结果表明，车辆冲突的数量和共享空间中停车位的提供显著降低了超速的幅度和概率。相反，汽车、两轮车和周围超速车辆等车辆的合规概率较低，而重型车辆及其后面的车辆合规可能性较高。然而，一天中的时间或一周中的某一天对驾驶员的超速行为没有显著影响，这表明整个星期的交通互动和合规行为是一致的。结论：本研究确定了影响共享空间超速行为的关键因素，并为制定对策和促进更安全的互动提供了见解。实际应用：研究结果可以帮助城市规划者和政策制定者设定适当的限速，开发更好的共享空间设计，并提高所有用户的安全，特别是那些最脆弱的用户。

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引用次数: 0

Building a credible case for safety: Approach proposal for Automated Driving Systems 建立一个可靠的安全案例：自动驾驶系统的方法建议

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.019

Francesca Margherita Favarò, Laura Fraade-Blanar, Scott Schnelle, Trent Victor, Mauricio Peña, Johan Engström, John Scanlon, Kris Kusano, Dan Smith

Introduction: This paper outlines a systematic approach to tackle the creation of a safety case for Automated Driving Systems (ADS) that operate without a driver. A safety case is a formal way to explain how an ADS developer determines that its system is safe enough to be deployed on public roads without a human driver, and it includes evidence to support that determination. It involves an explanation of the system, the methodologies used to develop it, the metrics used to validate it and the actual results of validation tests. Yet, in order to develop a worthwhile safety case, it is first important to understand what makes it credible and well crafted, and align on evaluation criteria. This paper helps enable such alignment by providing foundational thinking into not only how a system is determined to be ready for deployment but also into justifying that the set of acceptance criteria employed in such determination is sufficient and that their evaluation (and associated methods) is credible. The presentation is anchored around the acknowledgement that absolute zero risk is unattainable, framing the definition of safety around the notion of “absence of unreasonable risk” in accordance with state of the art safety standards. The publication is structured around three complementary perspectives on safety: a layered approach to safety; a dynamic approach to safety; and a credible approach to safety. Each perspective focuses on the principles and methodological approach, rather than specific results that are often proprietary and this paper does not feature a full safety case nor the evidence to support it. While centered around the example of a SAE Level 4 ADS, the proposed approach is technology- and methodology-agnostic, making it adaptable for use in whole or in part by any entity in the field.

简介：本文概述了一种系统的方法来解决自动驾驶系统（ADS）在没有驾驶员的情况下运行的安全案例的创建。安全案例是一种正式的方式，用来解释ADS开发商如何确定其系统足够安全，可以在没有人类驾驶员的情况下在公共道路上部署，并包括支持该决定的证据。它包括对系统的解释，用于开发它的方法，用于验证它的度量以及验证测试的实际结果。然而，为了开发一个有价值的安全案例，首先重要的是要了解是什么使它可信和精心设计，并与评估标准保持一致。本文不仅提供了对系统如何确定为部署做好准备的基本思考，而且还提供了证明在这种确定中使用的接受标准集是充分的，并且它们的评估（以及相关的方法）是可信的。该陈述的基础是承认绝对零风险是不可能实现的，根据最先进的安全标准，围绕“不存在不合理风险”的概念构建安全的定义。该出版物的结构围绕三个互补的安全观点：安全的分层方法；一种动态的安全方法；以及一种可靠的安全方法。每个观点都侧重于原则和方法方法，而不是通常专有的具体结果，本文没有提供完整的安全性案例或支持它的证据。虽然以SAE 4级ADS为例，但所提出的方法与技术和方法无关，因此适用于该领域的任何实体的全部或部分使用。

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引用次数: 0

Uncovering contextual risk patterns in cannabis-involved fatal crashes: A data-driven approach to public health-oriented road safety 揭示与大麻有关的致命车祸的背景风险模式：以数据为导向的公共卫生道路安全方法

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.005

Rohit Chakraborty , Sazzad Bin Bashar Polock , Biplov Pandey , Sawgat Ahmed Shuvo , Kakan Dey , Subasish Das

Introduction: As cannabis legalization expands across the United States, concerns about its impact on road safety and public health continue to grow. This study examined fatal crashes involving cannabis-involved drivers using national data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) between 2018 and 2022, focusing on cases where cannabis was toxicologically confirmed in the driver’s bloodstream. Method: To uncover underlying crash typologies, we applied Cluster Correspondence Analysis (CCA), a two-way dimension reduction method optimized for categorical data, to reveal patterns across roadway environments, driver demographics, crash dynamics, and environmental conditions. Results: The analysis revealed six distinct crash clusters: rural straight-roadway single-vehicle collisions, high-speed multi-vehicle crashes with lane conflicts, single-vehicle crashes on curves with loss of control, turning and yielding errors at intersections, unusual user and road conditions with pedestrian involvement, and nighttime urban crashes involving vulnerable road users. These findings highlighted the intersection of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-positive toxicology and systemic infrastructure vulnerabilities that contribute to fatal outcomes in cannabis-involved crashes. Conclusions and Practical Applications: By using a method designed for complex categorical datasets, this research provided novel insights into the multifaceted risks associated with drug-impaired driving. The results could inform targeted countermeasures, such as improved roadway lighting, intersection design, and behavioral interventions, offering a data-driven foundation for public health–oriented traffic safety strategies.

导言：随着大麻合法化在美国各地的扩大，人们对其对道路安全和公共健康的影响的关切继续增加。这项研究使用2018年至2022年期间死亡分析报告系统（FARS）的国家数据，调查了涉及大麻的司机的致命车祸，重点关注了在司机血液中经毒理学证实的大麻病例。方法：为了揭示潜在的碰撞类型，我们应用了聚类对应分析（CCA），这是一种针对分类数据进行优化的双向降维方法，以揭示道路环境、驾驶员人口统计、碰撞动态和环境条件的模式。结果：分析揭示了六个不同的碰撞集群：农村直道单车碰撞，高速多车碰撞，车道冲突，失去控制的弯道单车碰撞，十字路口转弯和让步错误，行人参与的异常用户和道路状况，以及涉及弱势道路使用者的夜间城市碰撞。这些发现强调了四氢大麻酚（THC）阳性毒理学和系统性基础设施脆弱性的交集，这些脆弱性导致了与大麻有关的撞车事故的致命结果。结论和实际应用：通过使用一种针对复杂分类数据集设计的方法，本研究为与药物受损驾驶相关的多方面风险提供了新的见解。研究结果可以为有针对性的对策提供信息，如改善道路照明、交叉口设计和行为干预，为以公共健康为导向的交通安全战略提供数据驱动的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Factors associated with alcohol-impaired driver crash deaths in the United States, 2018–2022 2018-2022年美国酒后驾驶事故死亡相关因素

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.011

Angela H. Eichelberger

Introduction: In the United States, the number of passenger vehicle drivers killed in crashes with blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) at or above 0.08% increased from 4,791 in 2019 to 5,540 in 2020 and remained elevated at 6,042 in 2022. This paper examines changes in alcohol policies, mental health factors, and law enforcement employment during 2018–2022 and their associations with alcohol-impaired driver deaths. Method: Panel regressions compared high-BAC (≥0.08%) driver deaths across states and months for all ages and ages 16–20. Predictors included state-level alcohol policy indicators (to-go and home-delivery), adult mental health indicators (past-year major depressive episodes and past-year suicide plans), and law enforcement employment levels. COVID-19 closures, vehicle miles traveled, and other variables were included as statistical controls. Results: From 2018 to 2022, the number of states permitting to-go or home-delivery alcohol purchases from bars or restaurants doubled, law enforcement employment declined, and mental health indicators increased. In a panel regression with all ages of drivers, alcohol home delivery policies, major depressive episodes, and suicide plans were associated with significantly more high-BAC driver deaths, whereas alcohol to-go policies and law enforcement employment were associated with significantly fewer high-BAC driver deaths. Only two predictors (law enforcement employment and suicide plans) were significant predictors of high-BAC driver deaths among ages 16–20. Conclusions: Although the number of states permitting home-delivery and to-go alcohol increased, the associations with driver deaths were not consistent. Law enforcement employment and suicidality were two independent factors consistently associated with alcohol-impaired driver deaths. As law enforcement employment levels fell and as suicidality increased, alcohol-impaired driver deaths rose. Practical Applications: The relationship between mental health factors and alcohol-impaired driving suggests that a broader public health focus that incorporates prevention and treatment services could play a role in helping to reverse the alcohol-impaired driving trend.

导读：在美国，因血液酒精浓度（bac）等于或高于0.08%而死亡的乘用车司机人数从2019年的4791人增加到2020年的5540人，并在2022年保持在6042人的高位。本文研究了2018-2022年期间酒精政策、心理健康因素和执法就业的变化，以及它们与酒后驾车死亡的关系。方法：面板回归比较各个州和月份所有年龄段和16-20岁年龄段的高bac（≥0.08%）驾驶员死亡人数。预测指标包括州一级的酒精政策指标（外出和回家），成人心理健康指标（过去一年的严重抑郁发作和过去一年的自杀计划），以及执法部门的就业水平。COVID-19关闭、车辆行驶里程和其他变量被纳入统计控制。结果：从2018年到2022年，允许从酒吧或餐馆购买酒精饮料或送货上门的州的数量增加了一倍，执法人员的就业人数下降，心理健康指标增加。在所有年龄的司机的面板回归中，酒精送货政策、重度抑郁发作和自杀计划与高酒精含量司机死亡人数显著相关，而酒精带走政策和执法人员就业与高酒精含量司机死亡人数显著减少相关。只有两个预测因子（执法人员就业和自杀计划）是16-20岁高酒精浓度驾驶员死亡的显著预测因子。结论：尽管允许在家分娩和外出饮酒的州的数量有所增加，但与司机死亡的关系并不一致。执法人员就业和自杀是与酒驾司机死亡始终相关的两个独立因素。随着执法部门就业率的下降和自杀率的上升，酒后驾车死亡人数上升。实际应用：心理健康因素与酒后驾车之间的关系表明，将预防和治疗服务纳入更广泛的公共卫生重点，可以在帮助扭转酒后驾车趋势方面发挥作用。

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引用次数: 0

What triggers anger behind the wheel? An invariance study on personality traits and risky attitudes in Italian and Australian older drivers 是什么引发了开车时的愤怒？意大利和澳大利亚老年司机性格特征与冒险态度的不变性研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.008

Luigi Tinella , Andrea Bosco , Sjaan Koppel , Sergio Traficante , Elisabetta Ricciardi , Rosa Napoletano , Giuseppina Spano , Mauro Cozzolino , Antonella Lopez , Alessandro O. Caffò

Introduction: Driving Anger (DA) arises from various traffic-related situations and influences risky driving behaviors. While several studies have explored DA in younger drivers, there is limited research focused on older drivers, who represent a growing driving demographic. The current study examined the relationship between personality traits, attitudes toward safety, and DA in 242 Italian and Australian older drivers. Method: Using a multi-group path analysis, we tested the hypothesis that dispositional variables (i.e., personality traits and attitudes towards safety) predict DA in older drivers, controlling for sociodemographic variables (e.g., gender and education). Cultural differences emerged, as Italians showed higher levels of driving anger, while Australians exhibited more positive attitudes toward road safety. Results: The results indicated that different DA facets were differentially predicted by Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, as well as attitudes toward safety, with invariances across nationality groups. Conclusions and practical applications: These findings highlight the role of personality traits in DA among older drivers, suggesting that personality assessment may improve the design of personalized interventions and policy revisions to reduce risky driving in vulnerable groups of drivers.

导语：驾驶愤怒（Driving Anger， DA）产生于各种与交通相关的情况，影响着危险的驾驶行为。虽然有几项研究探讨了年轻司机的DA，但针对老年司机的研究有限，而老年司机代表着不断增长的驾驶人口。目前的研究调查了242名意大利和澳大利亚老年司机的性格特征、对安全的态度和DA之间的关系。方法：采用多群体路径分析，在控制社会人口学变量（如性别和教育）的情况下，我们检验了性格变量（如人格特征和对安全的态度）预测老年驾驶员DA的假设。文化差异出现了，意大利人表现出更高的驾驶愤怒，而澳大利亚人对道路安全表现出更积极的态度。结果：神经质、外向性、开放性、宜人性、尽责性和安全态度对不同行为举止的预测存在差异，且在不同民族间不存在差异。结论和实际应用：这些研究结果突出了人格特征在老年驾驶员危险驾驶中的作用，表明人格评估可以改进个性化干预设计和政策修订，以减少弱势驾驶员群体的危险驾驶。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of driver characteristics and traffic-calming measures on speed 驾驶员特征和交通镇定措施对车速的影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.007

Santiago Martín-Castresana, María Jesús García-García, Concepción González-García, María Castro

Introduction: Moderating traffic speed is essential for pedestrian safety, particularly in areas where there are crossroads. Identifying how driver characteristics influence the effectiveness of traffic-calming measures can support more targeted interventions. This study examines the impact of driver characteristics (such as driving exposure, age and gender) on speed reduction achieved through various traffic-calming measures. Method: The research was conducted at a simulated crosswalk near a school on a rural road in the community of Madrid, Spain. Four road markings (green longitudinal line, dragon’s teeth, red median, and broken edge line) were evaluated against a base scenario (no traffic-calming measures) using a driving simulator. A general linear model (GLM) was applied, along with analyses of mean, low, and high speeds. Results: Men drove faster than women, and younger drivers were the fastest group. Those with more driving exposure (annual kilometers driven) also tended to drive faster but responded more strongly to certain markings. The broken edge line was the most effective road marking. Conclusions: Driver characteristics influence the effectiveness of traffic-calming markings. Designing interventions that consider specific user profiles (such as age, gender, or driving exposure) may enhance road safety near pedestrian crossings. The findings highlight the importance of considering demographic and behavioral factors when designing interventions. Practical applications: The broken edge line was the most effective measure, reducing average speed by up to around 10 km/h in some groups (e.g., drivers under 50 years old).

导读：减缓交通速度对行人安全至关重要，特别是在有十字路口的地区。确定驾驶员特征如何影响交通平静措施的有效性，可以支持更有针对性的干预措施。本研究考察了驾驶员特征（如驾驶时间、年龄和性别）对通过各种交通减速措施实现的减速效果的影响。方法：研究在西班牙马德里社区的一条乡村道路上的一所学校附近的模拟人行横道上进行。四个道路标记（绿色纵线、龙牙线、红色中线和断边线）使用驾驶模拟器在基本情景（无交通平静措施）下进行评估。采用一般线性模型（GLM），并对平均、低速和高速进行了分析。结果：男性开车比女性快，年轻司机是最快的群体。那些有更多驾驶经历（年行驶公里数）的人也倾向于开得更快，但对某些标志的反应更强烈。破碎的边缘线是最有效的道路标记。结论：驾驶员特征影响交通镇定标志的效果。设计考虑特定用户特征（如年龄、性别或驾驶暴露）的干预措施可能会提高人行横道附近的道路安全。研究结果强调了在设计干预措施时考虑人口和行为因素的重要性。实际应用：断线是最有效的措施，在某些群体（例如，50岁以下的司机）中，平均速度可降低约10公里/小时。

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引用次数: 0

Underpinning the impact of in-vehicle distractions on driving performance in Australia 在澳大利亚，车内干扰对驾驶表现的影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.006

Johra Kayeser Fatima , Somayeh Bahmannia , Jeroen J.A. van Boxtel , Ram Subramanian

Introduction: Give the significant and diverse impact of in-vehicle distractions on road crashes, this study examines the comparative impact of four inside-vehicle distractions (auditory, visual, behavioral/manual and cognitive) on driving performance. Method: A lab-based driving simulator study was conducted with Australian drivers (n = 103) to examine the impact of four types of distractions on driving performance. Results: Simulator-based study results confirmed that behavioral/manual and auditory distractions were the largest inside-vehicle distractions affecting driving performance adversely. Practical Applications: The study’s findings offer valuable insights for developing safe driving awareness campaigns, particularly by addressing auditory and behavioral distractions.

导言：考虑到车内干扰因素对道路交通事故的影响，本研究考察了四种车内干扰因素（听觉、视觉、行为/手动和认知）对驾驶表现的比较影响。方法：对103名澳大利亚司机进行了一项基于实验室的驾驶模拟器研究，以检验四种类型的分心对驾驶表现的影响。结果：基于模拟器的研究结果证实，行为/手动和听觉干扰是对驾驶性能产生不利影响的最大车内干扰。实际应用：该研究的发现为开展安全驾驶意识活动提供了有价值的见解，特别是在解决听觉和行为干扰方面。

引用次数: 0

Shedding light on safety: Comparing the crash likelihood and speed at impact of pedestrian crash avoidance systems across day and night conditions 揭示安全：比较行人碰撞避免系统在白天和夜间条件下的碰撞可能性和速度

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.001

Zeinab Bayati, Asad J. Khattak

Introduction: Pedestrians remain highly vulnerable in transportation systems, with fatal crash rates rising. Approximately 75% of fatal pedestrian crashes occur in darker conditions, motivating this study to examine the role of technology improvements in both nighttime and daytime conditions. Method: This study evaluates the effectiveness of Pedestrian Automatic Emergency Braking (P-AEB) systems available on 44 vehicles in preventing crashes across different lighting conditions, using datasets from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Results: In controlled tests conducted on 2021- 2024 vehicle models, 22% resulted in crashes (27.6% at nighttime and 12.0% during daytime), with darker conditions and higher test speeds (60 km/h) contributing to increased crash occurrence and impact speeds. Notably, crash speeds at night were distributed across a broader range of values, indicating greater variability compared to daytime speeds. The results of a random-effects Heckman sample selection showed that low beam lighting increased the likelihood of crashes by up to 12% relative to daytime conditions for the tests. Conclusions & Practical Applications: This analysis shows that longer Time-to-Collision (TTC) at AEB activation (earlier braking) reduce crash occurrence by up to 34%. However, nighttime tests showed shorter TTC at AEB activation than daytime tests, limiting deceleration and potentially worsening outcomes. Additionally, although nighttime driving typically offers less visibility than daytime driving, the appropriate use of high beams may enhance visibility (in these test situations) and safety. These findings highlight the need to improve P-AEB system performance in low-light conditions. By integrating radar and camera technologies, these systems can detect potential hazards earlier, enabling the timely activation of brakes and allowing for more aggressive braking when necessary. Such improvements are crucial for enhancing safety standards in P-AEB systems, enabling them to protect pedestrians more effectively.

导读：行人在交通系统中仍然非常脆弱，致命碰撞率不断上升。大约75%的致命行人撞车事故发生在较暗的条件下，这促使本研究研究技术改进在夜间和白天条件下的作用。方法：本研究使用来自公路安全保险协会的数据集，评估了44辆汽车在不同照明条件下防止碰撞的行人自动紧急制动（P-AEB）系统的有效性。结果：在对2021- 2024年车型进行的对照测试中，22%的测试结果导致碰撞（27.6%在夜间，12.0%在白天），更暗的条件和更高的测试速度（60公里/小时）有助于增加碰撞发生率和碰撞速度。值得注意的是，夜间的碰撞速度分布在更大的数值范围内，表明与白天的速度相比，变化更大。随机效应Heckman样本选择的结果显示，相对于白天的测试条件，低光束照明增加了撞车的可能性高达12%。实际应用：该分析表明，在启动AEB（提前制动）时，较长的碰撞时间（TTC）可减少高达34%的碰撞发生率。然而，夜间测试显示AEB激活时的TTC比白天测试短，限制了减速和潜在的恶化结果。此外，尽管夜间驾驶的能见度通常低于白天驾驶，但适当使用远光灯可能会提高能见度（在这些测试情况下）和安全性。这些发现强调了在弱光条件下改善P-AEB系统性能的必要性。通过集成雷达和摄像技术，这些系统可以更早地检测到潜在的危险，从而及时启动刹车，并在必要时采取更积极的刹车措施。这些改进对于提高P-AEB系统的安全标准至关重要，使它们能够更有效地保护行人。

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