Journal of Safety Research最新文献_第3页

Factors associated with alcohol-impaired driver crash deaths in the United States, 2018–2022 2018-2022年美国酒后驾驶事故死亡相关因素

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.011

Angela H. Eichelberger

Introduction: In the United States, the number of passenger vehicle drivers killed in crashes with blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) at or above 0.08% increased from 4,791 in 2019 to 5,540 in 2020 and remained elevated at 6,042 in 2022. This paper examines changes in alcohol policies, mental health factors, and law enforcement employment during 2018–2022 and their associations with alcohol-impaired driver deaths. Method: Panel regressions compared high-BAC (≥0.08%) driver deaths across states and months for all ages and ages 16–20. Predictors included state-level alcohol policy indicators (to-go and home-delivery), adult mental health indicators (past-year major depressive episodes and past-year suicide plans), and law enforcement employment levels. COVID-19 closures, vehicle miles traveled, and other variables were included as statistical controls. Results: From 2018 to 2022, the number of states permitting to-go or home-delivery alcohol purchases from bars or restaurants doubled, law enforcement employment declined, and mental health indicators increased. In a panel regression with all ages of drivers, alcohol home delivery policies, major depressive episodes, and suicide plans were associated with significantly more high-BAC driver deaths, whereas alcohol to-go policies and law enforcement employment were associated with significantly fewer high-BAC driver deaths. Only two predictors (law enforcement employment and suicide plans) were significant predictors of high-BAC driver deaths among ages 16–20. Conclusions: Although the number of states permitting home-delivery and to-go alcohol increased, the associations with driver deaths were not consistent. Law enforcement employment and suicidality were two independent factors consistently associated with alcohol-impaired driver deaths. As law enforcement employment levels fell and as suicidality increased, alcohol-impaired driver deaths rose. Practical Applications: The relationship between mental health factors and alcohol-impaired driving suggests that a broader public health focus that incorporates prevention and treatment services could play a role in helping to reverse the alcohol-impaired driving trend.

导读：在美国，因血液酒精浓度（bac）等于或高于0.08%而死亡的乘用车司机人数从2019年的4791人增加到2020年的5540人，并在2022年保持在6042人的高位。本文研究了2018-2022年期间酒精政策、心理健康因素和执法就业的变化，以及它们与酒后驾车死亡的关系。方法：面板回归比较各个州和月份所有年龄段和16-20岁年龄段的高bac（≥0.08%）驾驶员死亡人数。预测指标包括州一级的酒精政策指标（外出和回家），成人心理健康指标（过去一年的严重抑郁发作和过去一年的自杀计划），以及执法部门的就业水平。COVID-19关闭、车辆行驶里程和其他变量被纳入统计控制。结果：从2018年到2022年，允许从酒吧或餐馆购买酒精饮料或送货上门的州的数量增加了一倍，执法人员的就业人数下降，心理健康指标增加。在所有年龄的司机的面板回归中，酒精送货政策、重度抑郁发作和自杀计划与高酒精含量司机死亡人数显著相关，而酒精带走政策和执法人员就业与高酒精含量司机死亡人数显著减少相关。只有两个预测因子（执法人员就业和自杀计划）是16-20岁高酒精浓度驾驶员死亡的显著预测因子。结论：尽管允许在家分娩和外出饮酒的州的数量有所增加，但与司机死亡的关系并不一致。执法人员就业和自杀是与酒驾司机死亡始终相关的两个独立因素。随着执法部门就业率的下降和自杀率的上升，酒后驾车死亡人数上升。实际应用：心理健康因素与酒后驾车之间的关系表明，将预防和治疗服务纳入更广泛的公共卫生重点，可以在帮助扭转酒后驾车趋势方面发挥作用。

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引用次数: 0

What triggers anger behind the wheel? An invariance study on personality traits and risky attitudes in Italian and Australian older drivers 是什么引发了开车时的愤怒？意大利和澳大利亚老年司机性格特征与冒险态度的不变性研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.008

Luigi Tinella , Andrea Bosco , Sjaan Koppel , Sergio Traficante , Elisabetta Ricciardi , Rosa Napoletano , Giuseppina Spano , Mauro Cozzolino , Antonella Lopez , Alessandro O. Caffò

Introduction: Driving Anger (DA) arises from various traffic-related situations and influences risky driving behaviors. While several studies have explored DA in younger drivers, there is limited research focused on older drivers, who represent a growing driving demographic. The current study examined the relationship between personality traits, attitudes toward safety, and DA in 242 Italian and Australian older drivers. Method: Using a multi-group path analysis, we tested the hypothesis that dispositional variables (i.e., personality traits and attitudes towards safety) predict DA in older drivers, controlling for sociodemographic variables (e.g., gender and education). Cultural differences emerged, as Italians showed higher levels of driving anger, while Australians exhibited more positive attitudes toward road safety. Results: The results indicated that different DA facets were differentially predicted by Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, as well as attitudes toward safety, with invariances across nationality groups. Conclusions and practical applications: These findings highlight the role of personality traits in DA among older drivers, suggesting that personality assessment may improve the design of personalized interventions and policy revisions to reduce risky driving in vulnerable groups of drivers.

导语：驾驶愤怒（Driving Anger， DA）产生于各种与交通相关的情况，影响着危险的驾驶行为。虽然有几项研究探讨了年轻司机的DA，但针对老年司机的研究有限，而老年司机代表着不断增长的驾驶人口。目前的研究调查了242名意大利和澳大利亚老年司机的性格特征、对安全的态度和DA之间的关系。方法：采用多群体路径分析，在控制社会人口学变量（如性别和教育）的情况下，我们检验了性格变量（如人格特征和对安全的态度）预测老年驾驶员DA的假设。文化差异出现了，意大利人表现出更高的驾驶愤怒，而澳大利亚人对道路安全表现出更积极的态度。结果：神经质、外向性、开放性、宜人性、尽责性和安全态度对不同行为举止的预测存在差异，且在不同民族间不存在差异。结论和实际应用：这些研究结果突出了人格特征在老年驾驶员危险驾驶中的作用，表明人格评估可以改进个性化干预设计和政策修订，以减少弱势驾驶员群体的危险驾驶。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of driver characteristics and traffic-calming measures on speed 驾驶员特征和交通镇定措施对车速的影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.007

Santiago Martín-Castresana, María Jesús García-García, Concepción González-García, María Castro

Introduction: Moderating traffic speed is essential for pedestrian safety, particularly in areas where there are crossroads. Identifying how driver characteristics influence the effectiveness of traffic-calming measures can support more targeted interventions. This study examines the impact of driver characteristics (such as driving exposure, age and gender) on speed reduction achieved through various traffic-calming measures. Method: The research was conducted at a simulated crosswalk near a school on a rural road in the community of Madrid, Spain. Four road markings (green longitudinal line, dragon’s teeth, red median, and broken edge line) were evaluated against a base scenario (no traffic-calming measures) using a driving simulator. A general linear model (GLM) was applied, along with analyses of mean, low, and high speeds. Results: Men drove faster than women, and younger drivers were the fastest group. Those with more driving exposure (annual kilometers driven) also tended to drive faster but responded more strongly to certain markings. The broken edge line was the most effective road marking. Conclusions: Driver characteristics influence the effectiveness of traffic-calming markings. Designing interventions that consider specific user profiles (such as age, gender, or driving exposure) may enhance road safety near pedestrian crossings. The findings highlight the importance of considering demographic and behavioral factors when designing interventions. Practical applications: The broken edge line was the most effective measure, reducing average speed by up to around 10 km/h in some groups (e.g., drivers under 50 years old).

导读：减缓交通速度对行人安全至关重要，特别是在有十字路口的地区。确定驾驶员特征如何影响交通平静措施的有效性，可以支持更有针对性的干预措施。本研究考察了驾驶员特征（如驾驶时间、年龄和性别）对通过各种交通减速措施实现的减速效果的影响。方法：研究在西班牙马德里社区的一条乡村道路上的一所学校附近的模拟人行横道上进行。四个道路标记（绿色纵线、龙牙线、红色中线和断边线）使用驾驶模拟器在基本情景（无交通平静措施）下进行评估。采用一般线性模型（GLM），并对平均、低速和高速进行了分析。结果：男性开车比女性快，年轻司机是最快的群体。那些有更多驾驶经历（年行驶公里数）的人也倾向于开得更快，但对某些标志的反应更强烈。破碎的边缘线是最有效的道路标记。结论：驾驶员特征影响交通镇定标志的效果。设计考虑特定用户特征（如年龄、性别或驾驶暴露）的干预措施可能会提高人行横道附近的道路安全。研究结果强调了在设计干预措施时考虑人口和行为因素的重要性。实际应用：断线是最有效的措施，在某些群体（例如，50岁以下的司机）中，平均速度可降低约10公里/小时。

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引用次数: 0

Underpinning the impact of in-vehicle distractions on driving performance in Australia 在澳大利亚，车内干扰对驾驶表现的影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.006

Johra Kayeser Fatima , Somayeh Bahmannia , Jeroen J.A. van Boxtel , Ram Subramanian

Introduction: Give the significant and diverse impact of in-vehicle distractions on road crashes, this study examines the comparative impact of four inside-vehicle distractions (auditory, visual, behavioral/manual and cognitive) on driving performance. Method: A lab-based driving simulator study was conducted with Australian drivers (n = 103) to examine the impact of four types of distractions on driving performance. Results: Simulator-based study results confirmed that behavioral/manual and auditory distractions were the largest inside-vehicle distractions affecting driving performance adversely. Practical Applications: The study’s findings offer valuable insights for developing safe driving awareness campaigns, particularly by addressing auditory and behavioral distractions.

导言：考虑到车内干扰因素对道路交通事故的影响，本研究考察了四种车内干扰因素（听觉、视觉、行为/手动和认知）对驾驶表现的比较影响。方法：对103名澳大利亚司机进行了一项基于实验室的驾驶模拟器研究，以检验四种类型的分心对驾驶表现的影响。结果：基于模拟器的研究结果证实，行为/手动和听觉干扰是对驾驶性能产生不利影响的最大车内干扰。实际应用：该研究的发现为开展安全驾驶意识活动提供了有价值的见解，特别是在解决听觉和行为干扰方面。

引用次数: 0

Shedding light on safety: Comparing the crash likelihood and speed at impact of pedestrian crash avoidance systems across day and night conditions 揭示安全：比较行人碰撞避免系统在白天和夜间条件下的碰撞可能性和速度

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.001

Zeinab Bayati, Asad J. Khattak

Introduction: Pedestrians remain highly vulnerable in transportation systems, with fatal crash rates rising. Approximately 75% of fatal pedestrian crashes occur in darker conditions, motivating this study to examine the role of technology improvements in both nighttime and daytime conditions. Method: This study evaluates the effectiveness of Pedestrian Automatic Emergency Braking (P-AEB) systems available on 44 vehicles in preventing crashes across different lighting conditions, using datasets from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Results: In controlled tests conducted on 2021- 2024 vehicle models, 22% resulted in crashes (27.6% at nighttime and 12.0% during daytime), with darker conditions and higher test speeds (60 km/h) contributing to increased crash occurrence and impact speeds. Notably, crash speeds at night were distributed across a broader range of values, indicating greater variability compared to daytime speeds. The results of a random-effects Heckman sample selection showed that low beam lighting increased the likelihood of crashes by up to 12% relative to daytime conditions for the tests. Conclusions & Practical Applications: This analysis shows that longer Time-to-Collision (TTC) at AEB activation (earlier braking) reduce crash occurrence by up to 34%. However, nighttime tests showed shorter TTC at AEB activation than daytime tests, limiting deceleration and potentially worsening outcomes. Additionally, although nighttime driving typically offers less visibility than daytime driving, the appropriate use of high beams may enhance visibility (in these test situations) and safety. These findings highlight the need to improve P-AEB system performance in low-light conditions. By integrating radar and camera technologies, these systems can detect potential hazards earlier, enabling the timely activation of brakes and allowing for more aggressive braking when necessary. Such improvements are crucial for enhancing safety standards in P-AEB systems, enabling them to protect pedestrians more effectively.

导读：行人在交通系统中仍然非常脆弱，致命碰撞率不断上升。大约75%的致命行人撞车事故发生在较暗的条件下，这促使本研究研究技术改进在夜间和白天条件下的作用。方法：本研究使用来自公路安全保险协会的数据集，评估了44辆汽车在不同照明条件下防止碰撞的行人自动紧急制动（P-AEB）系统的有效性。结果：在对2021- 2024年车型进行的对照测试中，22%的测试结果导致碰撞（27.6%在夜间，12.0%在白天），更暗的条件和更高的测试速度（60公里/小时）有助于增加碰撞发生率和碰撞速度。值得注意的是，夜间的碰撞速度分布在更大的数值范围内，表明与白天的速度相比，变化更大。随机效应Heckman样本选择的结果显示，相对于白天的测试条件，低光束照明增加了撞车的可能性高达12%。实际应用：该分析表明，在启动AEB（提前制动）时，较长的碰撞时间（TTC）可减少高达34%的碰撞发生率。然而，夜间测试显示AEB激活时的TTC比白天测试短，限制了减速和潜在的恶化结果。此外，尽管夜间驾驶的能见度通常低于白天驾驶，但适当使用远光灯可能会提高能见度（在这些测试情况下）和安全性。这些发现强调了在弱光条件下改善P-AEB系统性能的必要性。通过集成雷达和摄像技术，这些系统可以更早地检测到潜在的危险，从而及时启动刹车，并在必要时采取更积极的刹车措施。这些改进对于提高P-AEB系统的安全标准至关重要，使它们能够更有效地保护行人。

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引用次数: 0

A qualitative study on young drivers’ experiences with, and perceptions of others’ engagement in, and approval of, next day drink driving 一项关于年轻司机第二天酒后驾车的经历、对他人参与和认可的看法的定性研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.003

Michelle Nicolls, Lisa Buckley

Introduction: A less understood component of drink driving is next day drink driving (ND-DD), which refers to driving the following morning after drinking while potentially above the legal limit. Evidence suggests young drivers are engaging in ND-DD more frequently than drink driving. However, young drivers’ experiences of ND-DD remain unclear. As proposed by Social Norm Theory, believing others engage in, or approve of, a behavior can result in an individuals’ own engagement in the same behavior. Accordingly, this qualitative study aimed to explore young drivers’ experiences with, and perceptions of others’ engagement in, and approval of, ND-DD. Method: Thirty-one young drivers (18–24 years) residing in Queensland, Australia, participated in a one-on-one interview. Template analysis was employed to data. Four themes were recognized: (1) Drink driving (and ND-DD) experiences; (2) “People always drink drive:” Descriptive norms; (3) “More approved of than drink driving:” Contradictions of ND-DD and drink driving; and (4) Location matters. Results: Young drivers described more experiences of ND-DD than drink driving (T1). Drink driving and ND-DD were described as occurring frequently by others (T2). In addition, drink driving was perceived to be disapproved by others, but ND-DD was perceived as more approved by others (T3). Many described that drink driving and ND-DD may occur more frequently in non-metropolitan locations compared to metropolitan locations (T4). Conclusions: Young drivers described experiences of ND-DD and believed others often engage in, and approve of, the behavior. These findings suggest ND-DD may be a concern for road safety, highlighting further understanding is warranted into this risky and potentially illegal driving behavior. Practical Applications: Drink driving research should consider expanding to ND-DD, which will contribute to understanding this behavior. In addition, the role of social norms on ND-DD warrants further investigation, which may guide the development of norm-based messages to reduce the behavior.

酒驾的一个不太为人所知的组成部分是次日酒驾（ND-DD），指的是酒后第二天早上在可能超过法定限量的情况下开车。有证据表明，年轻司机参与ND-DD的频率高于酒驾。然而，年轻司机对ND-DD的体验仍不清楚。正如社会规范理论所提出的那样，相信别人参与或赞成一种行为会导致个人自己参与同样的行为。因此，本定性研究旨在探讨年轻司机对无人驾驶的经历、对他人参与和认可的看法。方法：对31名居住在澳大利亚昆士兰州的18-24岁青年司机进行一对一访谈。数据采用模板分析。识别出四个主题：(1)酒驾（和ND-DD）体验；(2)“人们总是酒后驾车”：描述性规范；(3)“比酒驾更受认可”：ND-DD与酒驾的矛盾；（四）地点问题。结果：年轻司机对ND-DD的描述多于酒驾（T1）。其他人描述酒驾和ND-DD是经常发生的（T2）。此外，酒驾被他人认为是不被认可的，而ND-DD被他人认为是更被认可的（T3）。许多人描述，与大都市地区相比，非大都市地区的酒驾和ND-DD可能发生得更频繁（T4）。结论：年轻司机描述了ND-DD的经历，并认为其他人经常参与并赞同这种行为。这些发现表明，ND-DD可能是道路安全问题，强调有必要进一步了解这种危险和潜在的非法驾驶行为。实际应用：酒驾研究应该考虑扩展到ND-DD，这将有助于理解这种行为。此外，社会规范在ND-DD中的作用值得进一步研究，这可能指导基于规范的信息的发展，以减少这种行为。

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引用次数: 0

Developing a situational judgement test (SJT) for safety-minded leadership in high-hazard industries 为高危险行业的安全意识领导开发情境判断测试(SJT

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.013

Ryan Cook, Gregory G. Anderson, Mark Fleming

Introduction: Safety-specific transformational leadership (SSTFL) is a critical factor in fostering a proactive safety culture by encouraging both compliance and initiative among employees. However, traditional leadership assessments often fail to capture the unique competencies required for effective safety leadership in high-hazard industries. While general self-report personality tests have been used to predict future leadership behaviors, tools for specifically assessing SSTFL are limited. To address this gap, the current study developed and evaluated a Situational Judgement Test (SJT) designed to predict safety-minded leadership behaviors. Method: Using a two-wave study with a sample of participants with management experience in high-hazard industries, the study employed a 2 (honest vs. incentivized faking) × 2 (basic vs. disarming instructions) between-subjects design to refine the assessment tool and mitigate social desirability bias. Following item reduction, the final 15-item SJT demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, reasonable test–retest reliability, and positive correlation with another safety leadership measure. Results: Results indicated that instruction type and response condition did significantly influence scores in the preliminary list of SJT items, but not the revised version, supporting the robustness of the final 15-item measure. SJT Scores from Wave 1 were also predictive of self-reported safety behaviors at Wave 2 above and beyond other variables. By integrating realistic workplace scenarios, behaviorally anchored response options, and minimizing socially desirable responding, this SJT provides a promising tool for assessing safety behavior and what managers would choose to do, rather than their knowledge of what should be done. Future research and applications for organizational settings are discussed.

导言：安全转型领导（SSTFL）是通过鼓励员工的合规性和主动性来培养积极主动的安全文化的关键因素。然而，传统的领导力评估往往无法捕捉到在高风险行业中有效的安全领导力所需的独特能力。虽然一般的自我报告人格测试已被用于预测未来的领导行为，但专门评估SSTFL的工具有限。为了解决这一差距，本研究开发并评估了一种情景判断测试（SJT），旨在预测安全意识的领导行为。方法：采用两波研究方法，选取具有高风险行业管理经验的参与者为样本，采用2（诚实vs激励欺骗）× 2（基本vs解除武器指示）的被试设计来完善评估工具并减轻社会期望偏差。缩减项目后，最终的15项SJT具有可接受的内部一致性，合理的重测信度，并与另一项安全领导测量呈正相关。结果：结果显示，教学类型和反应条件对SJT量表初稿的得分有显著影响，而修订后的量表对得分无显著影响，支持最终15项量表的稳健性。第一波的SJT分数也可以预测第二波的自我报告安全行为，超过其他变量。通过整合现实的工作场所场景，行为锚定的反应选项，并尽量减少社会期望的反应，该SJT提供了一个有前途的工具来评估安全行为和管理者会选择做什么，而不是他们应该做什么。讨论了组织设置的未来研究和应用。

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引用次数: 0

Considering human factors during firefighter fatality investigations: Insights from public feedback 在消防员死亡调查中考虑人为因素：来自公众反馈的见解

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.002

Emily J. Haas , Tashina Robinson , Wesley R. Attwood , Stephen J. Ringer , Emilee T. Austin

Introduction: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program investigates firefighter line-of-duty-deaths (LODD) and serious injuries to help prevent incidents. In addition to physical hazards, human factors like situational awareness, mental workload, fatigue, culture, and decision making can be considered to identify and mitigate risks. Method: NIOSH sought public input on assessing human factors during investigations through a Federal Register Notice. Posted in May 2024, 33 responses were received from fire departments, academic institutions, and association representatives across 18 U.S. states and several Canadian provinces. Three researchers and two firefighters examined the comments using thematic qualitative analysis methods to identify human factors considerations during investigations. Results: Comments indicated general support for systematically assessing human factors elements and provided insight into what some of those elements may be. Five overarching themes emerged across the comments: Department Culture, Total Worker Health®, Operational Risk Management & Decision Making, Team Dynamics, and Training and Education. Within these themes, commenters highlighted the importance of considering individual human factors elements such as fatigue, situational awareness, and mental health as well as organizational human factors elements such as leadership commitment and communication, operational risk assessment, and training needs. Conclusions and Practical Applications: Future research may consider ways to empirically and routinely assess human factors during incident investigations and possible tools, frameworks, and training that may be necessary to support these efforts in the field.

简介：国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）消防员死亡调查和预防计划调查消防员因职死亡（LODD）和严重伤害，以帮助预防事故。除了物理危害外，还可以考虑情境意识、精神工作量、疲劳、文化和决策等人为因素来识别和减轻风险。方法：NIOSH通过联邦注册公告寻求公众对调查期间评估人为因素的意见。该帖子于2024年5月发布，收到了来自美国18个州和加拿大几个省的消防部门、学术机构和协会代表的33份回复。三名研究人员和两名消防员使用专题定性分析方法检查评论，以确定调查期间的人为因素考虑。结果：评论表明普遍支持系统地评估人为因素因素，并提供了对这些因素可能是什么的见解。评论中出现了五个主要主题：部门文化、员工全面健康®、操作风险管理和决策、团队动力以及培训和教育。在这些主题中，评论者强调了考虑个人人为因素因素的重要性，如疲劳、态势感知和心理健康，以及组织人为因素因素，如领导承诺和沟通、业务风险评估和培训需求。结论和实际应用：未来的研究可能会考虑在事件调查过程中对人为因素进行经验和常规评估的方法，以及可能需要的工具、框架和培训，以支持这些领域的努力。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the effectiveness of traffic control devices in deterring wrong-way driving by alcohol-impaired drivers: a driving simulator study 评估交通控制装置在阻止酒驾司机错误驾驶方面的有效性：驾驶模拟器研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.006

Yukun Song , Qing Chang , Huaguo Zhou , Christopher Correia , Taylor B. Stanley , Kayla Neeley

Introduction: This research paper analyzes the cognitive abilities of severely intoxicated drivers and evaluates the effectiveness of engineering countermeasures aimed at preventing wrong-way entry onto freeways through interchange exit ramps. Method: The study involved testing 30 male participants in a driving simulator featuring scenarios with various combinations of traditional and innovative wrong-way-related traffic control devices, such as signs and pavement markings. Each participant participated in three separate simulator sessions: an initial training session, a sober session, and an intoxicated session targeting a blood alcohol level of 0.12 g/dL, the highest level observed in previous studies due to safety concerns. The researchers recorded the number of wrong-way driving (WWD) incidents and tracked participants’ gaze using eye-tracking devices. Results: Through descriptive and statistical analyses—such as t-tests and ANOVA—the study identifies which wrong-way warning methods are more effective, based on observed virtual driving behaviors, including the number of WWD incidents and fixation durations. The results indicated that the California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (CA MUTCD) combination effectively reduces WWD incidents for both intoxicated and sober drivers. Additionally, given the slower information processing speed and altered gaze distribution of intoxicated drivers, it is crucial to implement traffic control devices (TCDs) that attract attention more effectively and are easier for intoxicated drivers to process, such as wrong-way signs with flashing borders and raised reflective pavement markers (RRPMs). Practical applications: These findings offer valuable insights for designing effective countermeasures to improve freeway safety and reduce the risk of wrong-way entry incidents.

本研究分析了严重醉酒驾驶员的认知能力，并评估了旨在防止通过立交出口匝道错误进入高速公路的工程对策的有效性。研究方法：在驾驶模拟器中对30名男性参与者进行测试，模拟的场景包括传统和创新的与错误道路相关的交通控制装置的各种组合，如标志和路面标记。每个参与者都参加了三个独立的模拟器课程：初始训练课程，清醒课程和醉酒课程，目标是血液酒精水平达到0.12 g/dL，这是先前研究中由于安全考虑而观察到的最高水平。研究人员记录了逆行驾驶（WWD）事件的数量，并使用眼球追踪设备追踪参与者的目光。结果：通过描述性和统计分析，如t检验和方差分析，研究根据观察到的虚拟驾驶行为，包括WWD事件的数量和注视时间，确定哪种错误的警告方法更有效。结果表明，加州统一交通控制设备手册（CA MUTCD）组合有效地减少了醉酒和清醒驾驶员的WWD事件。此外，考虑到醉酒驾驶员的信息处理速度较慢和视线分布改变，实施更有效地吸引注意力并更容易被醉酒驾驶员处理的交通控制装置（tcd）至关重要，例如带有闪烁边界的错误方向标志和凸起的反光路面标志（rrpm）。实际应用：这些发现为设计有效的对策提供了有价值的见解，以提高高速公路的安全性，降低错误进入事故的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating driver preferences between punitive and non-punitive speeding penalties: Results from a stated choice experiment 评估驾驶员在惩罚性和非惩罚性超速处罚之间的偏好：来自陈述选择实验的结果

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.012

Athanasios Theofilatos , Apostolos Ziakopoulos , Evangelia Stratigi , Pantelis Kopelias , Dimitris Potoglou

Introduction: Speeding remains a major contributory factor to traffic crashes, making the design of effective penalty schemes a critical policy concern. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate driver preferences regarding penalties for speeding violations in Greece: (Option A) immediate fines with off-road short detention (administrative process); (Option B) attendance of compulsory road safety seminars; and (Option C) judicial processes with possible dispute of fines in court. Method: Data were collected via a Stated Choice (SC) survey conducted during June and July 2023 in Greece, involving 161 participants resulting in 805 choice situations, and were analyzed by utilizing a random parameter multinomial logit model to capture unobserved heterogeneity among drivers. Results: Results showed that only 4.6% of respondents preferred the judicial process, indicating a strong deterrent effect of potential trial and associated costs. For Option A, statistically significant results included the monetary fine and penalty points, as well as the compulsory detention time off-road. For Option B, time and cost of road safety awareness seminars were significant. For the administrative process (monetary fine), the value that respondents were willing to pay to save 1 h of waiting off-road, was significantly higher (from 81.46 to 82.69 euros per hour) when compared to the driving education and awareness seminars (from 0.356 to 1.18 euros per hour), suggesting that drivers show a preference for higher monetary fines rather than being subjected to an off-road delay imposed by the police officer. Conclusion: The findings point towards more effective enforcement strategies while balancing penalty costs and duration of compulsory off-road detention and promoting educational-related non-punitive measures. Practical applications: The study could inform policymakers in designing and integrating a more diverse range of speeding penalties that align with driver preferences, potentially improving compliance, acceptability and better road safety outcomes.

超速驾驶仍然是造成交通事故的一个主要因素，因此设计有效的处罚方案是一个关键的政策问题。因此，本研究的目的是调查希腊驾驶员对超速违规处罚的偏好：（选项A）立即罚款并进行越野短期拘留（行政程序）；（方案B）参加强制性道路安全研讨会；以及（选项C）可能在法庭上对罚款产生争议的司法程序。方法：通过在希腊进行的一项陈述选择（SC）调查收集数据，该调查于2023年6月至7月进行，涉及161名参与者，产生805种选择情况，并利用随机参数多项logit模型对数据进行分析，以捕捉驾驶员之间未观察到的异质性。结果：结果显示，只有4.6%的受访者倾向于司法程序，这表明潜在的审判和相关费用具有很强的威慑作用。对于选项A，统计上显著的结果包括罚款和罚分，以及强制越野拘留时间。对于备选方案B，道路安全意识研讨会的时间和费用都很重要。对于行政程序（货币罚款），与驾驶教育和意识研讨会（从0.356欧元到1.18欧元/小时）相比，受访者愿意为节省1小时的越野等待支付的价值明显更高（从81.46欧元/小时到82.69欧元/小时），这表明司机更倾向于更高的货币罚款，而不是受到警察施加的越野延误。结论：研究结果指出了更有效的执法策略，同时平衡惩罚成本和强制越野拘留的持续时间，并促进与教育有关的非惩罚性措施。实际应用：该研究可以为政策制定者提供信息，帮助他们设计和整合更多样化的超速处罚措施，使其与驾驶员的偏好保持一致，从而有可能提高合规性、可接受性，并改善道路安全结果。

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