Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.19
F. Bonnet, Josselin Thuilliez, Hippolyte d’Albis
BACKGROUND Influenza mortality has dramatically decreased in France since the 1950s. Annual death rates peaked during two pandemics: the Asian flu (1956–1957) and the Hong Kong flu (1969–1970). OBJECTIVE This study’s objective is to evaluate whether the second pandemic created a structural change in the dynamics of influenza mortality in France. We employ a new database on influenza mortality since 1950 at the subnational level (90 geographic areas) to estimate statistical models to find out whether a structural change happened and to explain the differences in mortality rates across geographic areas. Influenza mortality increased between 1950 and 1969 and decreased from 1970 onward.
{"title":"Influenza mortality in French regions after the Hong Kong flu pandemic","authors":"F. Bonnet, Josselin Thuilliez, Hippolyte d’Albis","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.19","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Influenza mortality has dramatically decreased in France since the 1950s. Annual death rates peaked during two pandemics: the Asian flu (1956–1957) and the Hong Kong flu (1969–1970). OBJECTIVE This study’s objective is to evaluate whether the second pandemic created a structural change in the dynamics of influenza mortality in France. We employ a new database on influenza mortality since 1950 at the subnational level (90 geographic areas) to estimate statistical models to find out whether a structural change happened and to explain the differences in mortality rates across geographic areas. Influenza mortality increased between 1950 and 1969 and decreased from 1970 onward.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42475678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-07DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.18
S. Johnsen, M. Sweeney
Socioeconomically disadvantaged women and women of color are more likely than other women both to undergo contraceptive sterilization and to desire sterilization reversal. Although younger age at sterilization is associated with greater likelihood of regret, we know little about socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differences in sterilization timing within the life course. OBJECTIVE We examine racial, ethnic, and educational differences in the prevalence of sterilization and its timing in the life course. birth, parity, and history of unintended childbearing). We model early sterilization using logistic regression, limiting the sample to sterilized women only in order to consider the life timing of sterilization separately from its overall likelihood of occurrence at some point in the life course. We pool data over the entire period from 1995 to 2019 to increase sample sizes and limit the sample to older women, age 40 to 44, in order to observe respondents toward the end of their reproductive lives.
{"title":"Female sterilization in the life course: Understanding trends and differentials in early sterilization","authors":"S. Johnsen, M. Sweeney","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.18","url":null,"abstract":"Socioeconomically disadvantaged women and women of color are more likely than other women both to undergo contraceptive sterilization and to desire sterilization reversal. Although younger age at sterilization is associated with greater likelihood of regret, we know little about socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differences in sterilization timing within the life course. OBJECTIVE We examine racial, ethnic, and educational differences in the prevalence of sterilization and its timing in the life course. birth, parity, and history of unintended childbearing). We model early sterilization using logistic regression, limiting the sample to sterilized women only in order to consider the life timing of sterilization separately from its overall likelihood of occurrence at some point in the life course. We pool data over the entire period from 1995 to 2019 to increase sample sizes and limit the sample to older women, age 40 to 44, in order to observe respondents toward the end of their reproductive lives.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44882786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.17
Layla Van den Berg, D. Mortelmans
BACKGROUND Previous studies on the role of partner choice in relationship dissolution have shown that exogamous marriages often have higher divorce risks. Yet, given that these studies focus only on marriages, it remains unclear whether the same dynamics can be seen in unmarried cohabiting couples, or what the exact role of a premarital cohabitation period is. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to examine whether the link between union dissolution and endogamy differs across relationship types by comparing marriages with and without a period of premarital cohabitation and unmarried cohabiting couples. Based on survival analyses and multivariate event history models, this study analyzes union dissolution risks among married and unmarried cohabiting couples with at least one partner of Belgian, Southern European, Turkish, Moroccan, Congolese, Burundian, or Rwandan descent. We use longitudinal data from the Belgian National and Social Security registers for a sample of couples formed between 1999 and 2001. The results indicated that exogamous direct marriages have substantially higher risks of relationship dissolution. Yet, differences in dissolution risks between exogamous and endogamous couples with and without a migrant background become smaller or disappear entirely when unmarried cohabitation is involved.
{"title":"Endogamy and relationship dissolution: Does unmarried cohabitation matter?","authors":"Layla Van den Berg, D. Mortelmans","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.17","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Previous studies on the role of partner choice in relationship dissolution have shown that exogamous marriages often have higher divorce risks. Yet, given that these studies focus only on marriages, it remains unclear whether the same dynamics can be seen in unmarried cohabiting couples, or what the exact role of a premarital cohabitation period is. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to examine whether the link between union dissolution and endogamy differs across relationship types by comparing marriages with and without a period of premarital cohabitation and unmarried cohabiting couples. Based on survival analyses and multivariate event history models, this study analyzes union dissolution risks among married and unmarried cohabiting couples with at least one partner of Belgian, Southern European, Turkish, Moroccan, Congolese, Burundian, or Rwandan descent. We use longitudinal data from the Belgian National and Social Security registers for a sample of couples formed between 1999 and 2001. The results indicated that exogamous direct marriages have substantially higher risks of relationship dissolution. Yet, differences in dissolution risks between exogamous and endogamous couples with and without a migrant background become smaller or disappear entirely when unmarried cohabitation is involved.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48308051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.16
Christal Hamilton, Claire E. Altman, James D. Bachmeier, Cody Spence
OBJECTIVE This paper employs a statistical matching procedure to impute the legal status of foreignborn adults in US Census surveys in order to estimate migration status disparities in health insurance coverage. METHODS Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, we impute the legal/citizenship (migration) status of immigrants in the National Health Interview Survey. RESULTS Results from the pooled data document disparities in health insurance coverage among four citizen/legal status groups: naturalized citizens, lawful permanent residents, legal nonimmigrants, and unauthorized immigrants. Naturalized citizens had the highest rate of health insurance coverage, followed by legal immigrants, legal nonimmigrants, and unauthorized immigrants. CONTRIBUTIONS The paper presents revised pre–Affordable Care Act (ACA) estimates of health insurance coverage among the foreign-born that are crucial for evaluating the impact of the ACA on reducing or exacerbating disparities in health coverage among migration status groups. 1 Center on Poverty and Social Policy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Email: cgh2139@columbia.edu. 2 Department of Health Sciences and Truman School of Public Affairs, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. 3 Department of Sociology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Hamilton et al.: Legal status and health disparities 454 https://www.demographic-research.org
{"title":"Legal status and health disparities: An examination of health insurance coverage among the foreign-born","authors":"Christal Hamilton, Claire E. Altman, James D. Bachmeier, Cody Spence","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.16","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE This paper employs a statistical matching procedure to impute the legal status of foreignborn adults in US Census surveys in order to estimate migration status disparities in health insurance coverage. METHODS Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, we impute the legal/citizenship (migration) status of immigrants in the National Health Interview Survey. RESULTS Results from the pooled data document disparities in health insurance coverage among four citizen/legal status groups: naturalized citizens, lawful permanent residents, legal nonimmigrants, and unauthorized immigrants. Naturalized citizens had the highest rate of health insurance coverage, followed by legal immigrants, legal nonimmigrants, and unauthorized immigrants. CONTRIBUTIONS The paper presents revised pre–Affordable Care Act (ACA) estimates of health insurance coverage among the foreign-born that are crucial for evaluating the impact of the ACA on reducing or exacerbating disparities in health coverage among migration status groups. 1 Center on Poverty and Social Policy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Email: cgh2139@columbia.edu. 2 Department of Health Sciences and Truman School of Public Affairs, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. 3 Department of Sociology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Hamilton et al.: Legal status and health disparities 454 https://www.demographic-research.org","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45545674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.15
Eunice Williams, S. Padmadas, Heini Vaisanen
BACKGROUND Women’s economic empowerment (WEE) has attracted high-level policy interest, and is recognized as a central, cross-cutting outcome, and the cornerstone for achieving Sustainable Development Goals. However, it lacks a standardised definition and standard, measurable, and comparable indicators, and is plagued by large data gaps, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). OBJECTIVE We examine the extent of WEE in SSA. Our goal is to identify WEE country typologies explaining the variation in and contributing domains of WEE in each country. Using in we apply principal component analysis to generate a WEE based better understand contributors underlying and derive country typologies.
{"title":"Women's economic empowerment in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from cross-national population data","authors":"Eunice Williams, S. Padmadas, Heini Vaisanen","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.15","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Women’s economic empowerment (WEE) has attracted high-level policy interest, and is recognized as a central, cross-cutting outcome, and the cornerstone for achieving Sustainable Development Goals. However, it lacks a standardised definition and standard, measurable, and comparable indicators, and is plagued by large data gaps, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). OBJECTIVE We examine the extent of WEE in SSA. Our goal is to identify WEE country typologies explaining the variation in and contributing domains of WEE in each country. Using in we apply principal component analysis to generate a WEE based better understand contributors underlying and derive country typologies.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49246724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.14
Ryohei Mogi, B. Arpino
OBJECTIVE This descriptive study aims to analyse the association between childlessness and voting turnout. METHODS We used the first nine rounds of the European Social Survey and logistic regression models to estimate the association between childlessness and having voted in the last national elections using data from 38 countries. Our results show that childlessness is negatively associated with voting turnout in general. The association is stronger among individuals who are in the late reproductive lifespan (ages 35 to 39, 40 to 44, and 45 to 49), males, and those with lower education. The analyses show also considerable heterogeneity across countries but without a clear pattern.
{"title":"The association between childlessness and voting turnout in 38 countries","authors":"Ryohei Mogi, B. Arpino","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.14","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE This descriptive study aims to analyse the association between childlessness and voting turnout. METHODS We used the first nine rounds of the European Social Survey and logistic regression models to estimate the association between childlessness and having voted in the last national elections using data from 38 countries. Our results show that childlessness is negatively associated with voting turnout in general. The association is stronger among individuals who are in the late reproductive lifespan (ages 35 to 39, 40 to 44, and 45 to 49), males, and those with lower education. The analyses show also considerable heterogeneity across countries but without a clear pattern.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42506681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.12
Sofi Ohlsson‐Wijk, G. Andersson
BACKGROUND The downward fertility trend in Western countries during the 2010s is puzzling, not least in the Nordic region. OBJECTIVE In order to better understand its driving forces, we examine whether the decline is driven by differential behavior or compositional changes across sociodemographic population subgroups, for the empirical case of Sweden. METHODS Event-history techniques are applied to register data of the Swedish-born population to provide an in-depth analysis of the sociodemographic profile of the fertility decline.
{"title":"Disentangling the Swedish fertility decline of the 2010s","authors":"Sofi Ohlsson‐Wijk, G. Andersson","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.12","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The downward fertility trend in Western countries during the 2010s is puzzling, not least in the Nordic region. OBJECTIVE In order to better understand its driving forces, we examine whether the decline is driven by differential behavior or compositional changes across sociodemographic population subgroups, for the empirical case of Sweden. METHODS Event-history techniques are applied to register data of the Swedish-born population to provide an in-depth analysis of the sociodemographic profile of the fertility decline.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45452394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.10
B. Schoumaker, M. Le Guen, Louise Caron, Wanling Nie
BACKGROUND A growing number of primarily qualitative studies have shown that the legal trajectories of immigrants in Western countries are often complex. However, immigrants’ long-term legal trajectories remain a blind spot in quantitative migration research. OBJECTIVES This paper aims to provide new empirical insights into the variety of legal pathways among non-European immigrants who arrived in Belgium between 1999 and 2008. We build a typology of legal trajectories, and we investigate how these trajectories are related to immigrants’ country of origin, asylum status, and social ties in Belgium. METHODS The micro longitudinal data is from the Belgian National Register. We use sequence analysis to identify clusters of legal trajectories, and multinomial logistic regressions to explore how they are related to immigrants’ characteristics. RESULTS We identify seven types of legal trajectory. While some are simple and smooth, others are characterized by moves back and forth between legal statuses and frequent periods of irregularity. Immigrants from the least developed countries and rejected asylum seekers are more likely to experience slow and chaotic trajectories. By contrast, simple and short trajectories are more common among immigrants from higheror middle-income countries. We also find that social and family ties are a key factor in long-term immigrants experiencing smooth legal trajectories. 1 Centre for Demographic Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium. Email: bruno.schoumaker@uclouvain.be. 2 Centre for Demographic Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium. 3 Institut national d’études démographiques (INED), Paris, France. Schoumaker et al.: Multiple (il)legal pathways: The diversity of immigrants’ legal trajectories in Belgium 248 https://www.demographic-research.org CONCLUSIONS Legal statuses vary substantially over time, and trajectories differ widely among immigrants. Some categories of immigrants are more at risk of highly precarious longterm trajectories that may lead to situations of ‘permanent temporariness’. CONTRIBUTION The paper highlights the relevance of a quantitative longitudinal perspective on immigrants’ legal status and underlines the need to take into account not only the legal status upon arrival but also the complexity of legal trajectories during the stay in the destination country.
{"title":"Multiple (il)legal pathways: The diversity of immigrants' legal trajectories in Belgium","authors":"B. Schoumaker, M. Le Guen, Louise Caron, Wanling Nie","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.10","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND A growing number of primarily qualitative studies have shown that the legal trajectories of immigrants in Western countries are often complex. However, immigrants’ long-term legal trajectories remain a blind spot in quantitative migration research. OBJECTIVES This paper aims to provide new empirical insights into the variety of legal pathways among non-European immigrants who arrived in Belgium between 1999 and 2008. We build a typology of legal trajectories, and we investigate how these trajectories are related to immigrants’ country of origin, asylum status, and social ties in Belgium. METHODS The micro longitudinal data is from the Belgian National Register. We use sequence analysis to identify clusters of legal trajectories, and multinomial logistic regressions to explore how they are related to immigrants’ characteristics. RESULTS We identify seven types of legal trajectory. While some are simple and smooth, others are characterized by moves back and forth between legal statuses and frequent periods of irregularity. Immigrants from the least developed countries and rejected asylum seekers are more likely to experience slow and chaotic trajectories. By contrast, simple and short trajectories are more common among immigrants from higheror middle-income countries. We also find that social and family ties are a key factor in long-term immigrants experiencing smooth legal trajectories. 1 Centre for Demographic Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium. Email: bruno.schoumaker@uclouvain.be. 2 Centre for Demographic Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium. 3 Institut national d’études démographiques (INED), Paris, France. Schoumaker et al.: Multiple (il)legal pathways: The diversity of immigrants’ legal trajectories in Belgium 248 https://www.demographic-research.org CONCLUSIONS Legal statuses vary substantially over time, and trajectories differ widely among immigrants. Some categories of immigrants are more at risk of highly precarious longterm trajectories that may lead to situations of ‘permanent temporariness’. CONTRIBUTION The paper highlights the relevance of a quantitative longitudinal perspective on immigrants’ legal status and underlines the need to take into account not only the legal status upon arrival but also the complexity of legal trajectories during the stay in the destination country.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42674085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.7
Gabriella Berloffa, Francesca Paolini
BACKGROUND On arrival, immigrants are on average healthier than Italian natives, but their health advantage tends to dissipate over time. This constitutes a relevant public health issue for the hosting societies, as it implies higher health care costs, lower labor market participation among immigrants, and lower tax revenues. OBJECTIVE This study is the first to take a “beyond the mean” perspective in analyzing health differences between Italians and short-say immigrants, as well as between short- and long-stay immigrants. It highlights whether health differences are concentrated in specific parts of the distributions and which observed or unobserved factors contribute to these differences. We use unconditional quantile regressions combined with Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions on data from the Italian Health Condition Survey. We find that the health advantage of short-stay immigrants over both Italians and long-stay immigrants is concentrated in the lower part of the health distributions. In both cases, this is mainly due to unobserved factors. Observed economic characteristics are actually associated with better health for long-stay immigrants compared to short-stay immigrants. Our results reveal the need of monitoring immigrants’ health, particularly of those with poorer initial health conditions.
{"title":"Going 'beyond the mean' in analysing immigrant health disparities","authors":"Gabriella Berloffa, Francesca Paolini","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.7","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND On arrival, immigrants are on average healthier than Italian natives, but their health advantage tends to dissipate over time. This constitutes a relevant public health issue for the hosting societies, as it implies higher health care costs, lower labor market participation among immigrants, and lower tax revenues. OBJECTIVE This study is the first to take a “beyond the mean” perspective in analyzing health differences between Italians and short-say immigrants, as well as between short- and long-stay immigrants. It highlights whether health differences are concentrated in specific parts of the distributions and which observed or unobserved factors contribute to these differences. We use unconditional quantile regressions combined with Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions on data from the Italian Health Condition Survey. We find that the health advantage of short-stay immigrants over both Italians and long-stay immigrants is concentrated in the lower part of the health distributions. In both cases, this is mainly due to unobserved factors. Observed economic characteristics are actually associated with better health for long-stay immigrants compared to short-stay immigrants. Our results reveal the need of monitoring immigrants’ health, particularly of those with poorer initial health conditions.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45089363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-16DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.8
A. Nigri, Susanna Levantesi, J. Aburto
Life expectancy is one of the most informative indicators of population health and de-velopment. Its stability, which has been observed over time, has made the prediction and forecasting of life expectancy an appealing area of study. However, predicted or estimated values of life expectancy do not tell us about age-specific mortality. Reliable estimates of age-specific mortality are essential in the study of health inequalities, well-being and to calculate other demographic indicators. This task comes with several difficulties, including a lack of reliable data in many populations. Models that re-late levels of life expectancy to a full age-specific mortality profile are therefore important but scarce. from akin to de-mography’s provides reliable estimates of age-specific mortality for the United States, Italy, Japan, and Russia using data from the Human Mortality Database. We show how the DNN model could be used to estimate age-specific mortality for countries without age-specific data using neighbouring information or populations with similar mortality dynamics. We take a step forward among demographic methods, offering a multi-population indirect estimation based on a data driven-approach, that can be fitted to many populations simultaneously, using DNN optimisation approaches.
{"title":"Leveraging deep neural networks to estimate age-specific mortality from life expectancy at birth","authors":"A. Nigri, Susanna Levantesi, J. Aburto","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.8","url":null,"abstract":"Life expectancy is one of the most informative indicators of population health and de-velopment. Its stability, which has been observed over time, has made the prediction and forecasting of life expectancy an appealing area of study. However, predicted or estimated values of life expectancy do not tell us about age-specific mortality. Reliable estimates of age-specific mortality are essential in the study of health inequalities, well-being and to calculate other demographic indicators. This task comes with several difficulties, including a lack of reliable data in many populations. Models that re-late levels of life expectancy to a full age-specific mortality profile are therefore important but scarce. from akin to de-mography’s provides reliable estimates of age-specific mortality for the United States, Italy, Japan, and Russia using data from the Human Mortality Database. We show how the DNN model could be used to estimate age-specific mortality for countries without age-specific data using neighbouring information or populations with similar mortality dynamics. We take a step forward among demographic methods, offering a multi-population indirect estimation based on a data driven-approach, that can be fitted to many populations simultaneously, using DNN optimisation approaches.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43159438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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