Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.32
M. Manfredini
BACKGROUND The gravity of the Spanish flu has been often associated with inadequate health systems. However, few studies have used health data effectively in their analysis of epidemics. OBJECTIVE To analyze the role of hospitals in an Italian town during the Spanish flu and its effect on the risk of dying at home. METHODS Individual-level information from the Permission of Burials was used to evaluate the impact of the epidemic on city hospitals. A logistic model was used to estimate the odds of a home death in order to elucidate possible sociodemographic mechanisms linked to hospital saturation issues.
{"title":"The Spanish flu and the health system: Considerations from the city of Parma, 1918","authors":"M. Manfredini","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.32","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The gravity of the Spanish flu has been often associated with inadequate health systems. However, few studies have used health data effectively in their analysis of epidemics. OBJECTIVE To analyze the role of hospitals in an Italian town during the Spanish flu and its effect on the risk of dying at home. METHODS Individual-level information from the Permission of Burials was used to evaluate the impact of the epidemic on city hospitals. A logistic model was used to estimate the odds of a home death in order to elucidate possible sociodemographic mechanisms linked to hospital saturation issues.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48048584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.31
V. Salinas, Valentina Jorquera-Samter
OBJECTIVE This study has two objectives: first, to estimate the effect of adolescent fertility on high school completion for Chilean adolescents, considering selectivity due to socioeconomic background and prior academic achievement, and, second, to explore the gender differences that exist in this effect. METHODS We use propensity score weighting and regression adjustment to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated groups. We employ a rich dataset built on several administrative sources, covering a cohort of students attending publicly funded schools from
{"title":"Adolescent fertility and high school completion in Chile: Exploring gender differences","authors":"V. Salinas, Valentina Jorquera-Samter","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.31","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE This study has two objectives: first, to estimate the effect of adolescent fertility on high school completion for Chilean adolescents, considering selectivity due to socioeconomic background and prior academic achievement, and, second, to explore the gender differences that exist in this effect. METHODS We use propensity score weighting and regression adjustment to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated groups. We employ a rich dataset built on several administrative sources, covering a cohort of students attending publicly funded schools from","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47454414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.30
J. Muniz, Stanley R. Bailey
BACKGROUND Previous research posits that racial reclassification, or response shift, may confound measures of racial earnings inequality. However, this claim has not been systematically tested. OBJECTIVE We measure racial response shift in Brazil and examine its impact on white-to-nonwhite earnings inequality between survey waves over ten years at nine-month intervals. METHODS We use individual-level linked data from the 2002–2012 Monthly Employment Survey, involving Brazil’s six largest metropolitan areas (n = 400,046). We describe the level and pattern of racial reclassification across time and by income rank. We then decompose racial inequality into two components (income and population ratios) to examine the impact of racial response shift on estimates of racial inequality and to construct analytic counterfactuals.
{"title":"Does race response shift impact racial inequality?","authors":"J. Muniz, Stanley R. Bailey","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.30","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Previous research posits that racial reclassification, or response shift, may confound measures of racial earnings inequality. However, this claim has not been systematically tested. OBJECTIVE We measure racial response shift in Brazil and examine its impact on white-to-nonwhite earnings inequality between survey waves over ten years at nine-month intervals. METHODS We use individual-level linked data from the 2002–2012 Monthly Employment Survey, involving Brazil’s six largest metropolitan areas (n = 400,046). We describe the level and pattern of racial reclassification across time and by income rank. We then decompose racial inequality into two components (income and population ratios) to examine the impact of racial response shift on estimates of racial inequality and to construct analytic counterfactuals.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45074127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-08DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.29
Margherita Moretti, Cosmo Strozza
BACKGROUND Italy’s life expectancy at age 65 is one of the highest in Europe, but its disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) is not so high. To understand this diverging pattern of longevity and health it is essential to consider indicators accounting for both mortality and morbidity, and to analyse the gender, social, and geographical inequities characterising them. OBJECTIVE The aim is to quantify the gender, social, and geographical inequalities in DFLE among Italian older adults and analyse the age-specific contribution of mortality and morbidity to those inequalities.
{"title":"Gender and educational inequalities in disability-free life expectancy among older adults living in Italian regions","authors":"Margherita Moretti, Cosmo Strozza","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.29","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Italy’s life expectancy at age 65 is one of the highest in Europe, but its disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) is not so high. To understand this diverging pattern of longevity and health it is essential to consider indicators accounting for both mortality and morbidity, and to analyse the gender, social, and geographical inequities characterising them. OBJECTIVE The aim is to quantify the gender, social, and geographical inequalities in DFLE among Italian older adults and analyse the age-specific contribution of mortality and morbidity to those inequalities.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43543690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.28
W. Schulz
Abstract
摘要
{"title":"Do the consequences of parental separation for children’s educational success vary by parental education? The role of educational thresholds","authors":"W. Schulz","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.28","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46371918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.27
Arthur Acolin, Ari Decter-Frain, Matt Hall
BACKGROUND Timely, accurate, and precise demographic estimates at various levels of geography are crucial for planning, policymaking, and analysis. In the United States, data from the decennial census and annual American Community Survey (ACS) serve as the main sources for subnational demographic estimates. While estimates derived from these sources are widely regarded as accurate, their timeliness is limited and variability sizable for small geographic units like towns and neighborhoods. OBJECTIVE This paper investigates the potential for using nonrepresentative consumer trace data assembled by commercial vendors to produce valid and timely estimates. We focus on data purchased from Data Axle, which contains the names and addresses of over 150 million Americans annually.
{"title":"Small-area estimates from consumer trace data","authors":"Arthur Acolin, Ari Decter-Frain, Matt Hall","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.27","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Timely, accurate, and precise demographic estimates at various levels of geography are crucial for planning, policymaking, and analysis. In the United States, data from the decennial census and annual American Community Survey (ACS) serve as the main sources for subnational demographic estimates. While estimates derived from these sources are widely regarded as accurate, their timeliness is limited and variability sizable for small geographic units like towns and neighborhoods. OBJECTIVE This paper investigates the potential for using nonrepresentative consumer trace data assembled by commercial vendors to produce valid and timely estimates. We focus on data purchased from Data Axle, which contains the names and addresses of over 150 million Americans annually.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46305172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.26
Abhishek Singh, A. Upadhyay, Kaushalendra Kumar, A. Singh, F. Johnson, S. Padmadas
BACKGROUND Son preference is culturally rooted across generations in India. While the social and economic implications of son preference are widely acknowledged, there is little evidence on spatial heterogeneity, especially at the district level. OBJECTIVE To derive estimates of son preference for the 640 districts of India and examine spatial heterogeneity in son preference across the districts of India. METHODS We apply model-based Small-Area Estimation (SAE) techniques, linking data from the 2015–2016 Indian National Family Health Survey and the 2011 Indian Population and Housing Census to generate district-level estimates of son preference. RESULTS The diagnostic measures confirm that the model-based estimates are robust enough to provide reliable estimates of son preference at the district level. Son preference is highest in the districts across northern and central Indian states, followed by districts in Gujarat 1 Corresponding author. Department of Public Health & Mortality Studies and Center of Demography of Gender, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India. ORCID ID 0000-0001-6263-4410. Email: abhishek@iipsindia.ac.in. 2 School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India. Email: ashishsingh@som.iitb.ac.in. 3 GENDER Project, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India. 4 Department of Population and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Email: famoakojohnson@ucc.edu.gh. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0896-937X. 5 Department of Public Health & Mortality Studies and Center for Demography of Gender, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India. ORCID ID 0000-0001-5913-0297. Email: kaushal@iipsindia.ac.in. 6 Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute, University of Southampton, United Kingdom. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6538-9374. Email: S.Padmadas@soton.ac.uk. Singh et al.: Spatial heterogeneity in son preference in India 794 https://www.demographic-research.org and Maharashtra, and lowest in the southern districts in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable heterogeneity in son preference across Indian districts, often masked by state-level average estimates. Our findings warrant urgent policy interventions targeting specific districts in India to tackle the ongoing son-preference attitudes and practices. CONTRIBUTION Our study demonstrates the power of SAE techniques to generate robust estimates of son preference at the district level. This study is the first of its kind to examine spatial patterns in parity-specific son preference at the district level in India.
{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity in son preference across India’s 640 districts: An application of small-area estimation","authors":"Abhishek Singh, A. Upadhyay, Kaushalendra Kumar, A. Singh, F. Johnson, S. Padmadas","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.26","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Son preference is culturally rooted across generations in India. While the social and economic implications of son preference are widely acknowledged, there is little evidence on spatial heterogeneity, especially at the district level. OBJECTIVE To derive estimates of son preference for the 640 districts of India and examine spatial heterogeneity in son preference across the districts of India. METHODS We apply model-based Small-Area Estimation (SAE) techniques, linking data from the 2015–2016 Indian National Family Health Survey and the 2011 Indian Population and Housing Census to generate district-level estimates of son preference. RESULTS The diagnostic measures confirm that the model-based estimates are robust enough to provide reliable estimates of son preference at the district level. Son preference is highest in the districts across northern and central Indian states, followed by districts in Gujarat 1 Corresponding author. Department of Public Health & Mortality Studies and Center of Demography of Gender, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India. ORCID ID 0000-0001-6263-4410. Email: abhishek@iipsindia.ac.in. 2 School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India. Email: ashishsingh@som.iitb.ac.in. 3 GENDER Project, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India. 4 Department of Population and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Email: famoakojohnson@ucc.edu.gh. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0896-937X. 5 Department of Public Health & Mortality Studies and Center for Demography of Gender, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India. ORCID ID 0000-0001-5913-0297. Email: kaushal@iipsindia.ac.in. 6 Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute, University of Southampton, United Kingdom. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6538-9374. Email: S.Padmadas@soton.ac.uk. Singh et al.: Spatial heterogeneity in son preference in India 794 https://www.demographic-research.org and Maharashtra, and lowest in the southern districts in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable heterogeneity in son preference across Indian districts, often masked by state-level average estimates. Our findings warrant urgent policy interventions targeting specific districts in India to tackle the ongoing son-preference attitudes and practices. CONTRIBUTION Our study demonstrates the power of SAE techniques to generate robust estimates of son preference at the district level. This study is the first of its kind to examine spatial patterns in parity-specific son preference at the district level in India.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44555986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.25
Daniele Florean
BACKGROUND Numerous studies address the relationship between gender attitudes and family formation, especially the attitudes–fertility connection. To date, little attention has been paid to the longitudinal dynamics of these attitudes, in particular the stability of attitudes over time, and the impact of their stability on marriage. OBJECTIVE To investigate how stable or unstable gender attitudes are related to the timing of first transitions to marriage in Germany.
{"title":"Changing mind, changing plans? Instability of individual gender attitudes and postponement of marriage in Germany","authors":"Daniele Florean","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.25","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Numerous studies address the relationship between gender attitudes and family formation, especially the attitudes–fertility connection. To date, little attention has been paid to the longitudinal dynamics of these attitudes, in particular the stability of attitudes over time, and the impact of their stability on marriage. OBJECTIVE To investigate how stable or unstable gender attitudes are related to the timing of first transitions to marriage in Germany.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49650793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.24
Jolene Tan
BACKGROUND While there has been extensive research on trends in marriage and singlehood, few studies have examined heterogeneity among never-married individuals in a low-fertility context. As a country that has experienced a steady decline in marriage and an accompanying rise in singlehood, Singapore presents a compelling context in which to study the singlehood phenomenon. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand variations in the never-married population based on their family-related attitudes. It seeks to classify the never married into subgroups and examine how these groups relate in terms of their sociodemographic traits and marriage desires. METHODS Using data from the Perceptions of Singles on Marriage and Having Children study (N = 1,980), latent class analysis was performed to develop a typology of the never married. Latent class analysis applies a person-centered approach to identify heterogeneity between and homogeneity within subgroups based on associations among a set of observed indicators. RESULTS Four never-married subgroups were identified: family conservatives (37%), conflicted conservatives (24%), family progressives (22%), and family skeptics (17%). There were distinct characteristics among subgroups in terms of age, sex, and relationship status. A strong gradient in marriage desires was found across the never-married subgroups, implying that variations between subgroups are an important determinant of the desire to marry. CONCLUSIONS The paper highlights the importance of recognizing diversity among the never-married population as a first step to understanding the flight from marriage. 1 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Email: jolene.tan@anu.edu.au. Tan: Heterogeneity among the never married in a low-fertility context 728 https://www.demographic-research.org CONTRIBUTION These findings have implications for societies with declining marriage and fertility rates, especially in contexts where marriage is closely linked to childbearing.
{"title":"Heterogeneity among the never married in a low-fertility context","authors":"Jolene Tan","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.24","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND While there has been extensive research on trends in marriage and singlehood, few studies have examined heterogeneity among never-married individuals in a low-fertility context. As a country that has experienced a steady decline in marriage and an accompanying rise in singlehood, Singapore presents a compelling context in which to study the singlehood phenomenon. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand variations in the never-married population based on their family-related attitudes. It seeks to classify the never married into subgroups and examine how these groups relate in terms of their sociodemographic traits and marriage desires. METHODS Using data from the Perceptions of Singles on Marriage and Having Children study (N = 1,980), latent class analysis was performed to develop a typology of the never married. Latent class analysis applies a person-centered approach to identify heterogeneity between and homogeneity within subgroups based on associations among a set of observed indicators. RESULTS Four never-married subgroups were identified: family conservatives (37%), conflicted conservatives (24%), family progressives (22%), and family skeptics (17%). There were distinct characteristics among subgroups in terms of age, sex, and relationship status. A strong gradient in marriage desires was found across the never-married subgroups, implying that variations between subgroups are an important determinant of the desire to marry. CONCLUSIONS The paper highlights the importance of recognizing diversity among the never-married population as a first step to understanding the flight from marriage. 1 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Email: jolene.tan@anu.edu.au. Tan: Heterogeneity among the never married in a low-fertility context 728 https://www.demographic-research.org CONTRIBUTION These findings have implications for societies with declining marriage and fertility rates, especially in contexts where marriage is closely linked to childbearing.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44684273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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