Demographic Research最新文献

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Segmented assimilation and mobility among men in the early 20th century 20世纪初男性的分段同化和流动

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q2 DEMOGRAPHY

Demographic Research

Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.4054/demres.2023.48.5

Christina Diaz, Jennifer Lee

BACKGROUND Segmented assimilation theory asserts that children born to immigrants experience divergent paths of incorporation. While some exhibit substantial gains in well-being, others may fare worse than US-origin whites or their own parents. It is certainly true that contemporary immigrants find themselves living in a different context than those who arrived in the United States during the early 20 th century. However, it remains an empirical question whether the incorporation process has suddenly become segmented. METHODS We select five of the top European sending regions to ask whether socioeconomic outcomes varied between immigrant-origin populations between 1910 and 1930. We use the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series Multigenerational Longitudinal Panel to link men over a 20-year period. Logistic regression is used to predict probabilities of school enrollment in 1910 among US-and immigrant-origin youths. We then rely on a series of OLS specifications to predict the socioeconomic standing of these men in 1930 as well as differences in father–son status. We also compare relative rates of occupational mobility across country of origin.

背景分段同化理论认为，移民所生的孩子经历了不同的融合途径。虽然有些人在幸福感方面取得了显著进步，但其他人的情况可能比美国裔白人或他们自己的父母更糟。的确，当代移民发现自己生活在与20世纪初抵达美国的移民不同的环境中。然而，合并过程是否突然变得分段，仍然是一个经验问题。方法我们选择了五个欧洲最大的移民地区，询问1910年至1930年间移民人口的社会经济结果是否不同。我们使用综合公共使用微数据系列多代纵向面板，在20年的时间里将男性联系起来。逻辑回归用于预测1910年美国和移民青年入学的概率。然后，我们依靠一系列OLS规范来预测这些男性在1930年的社会经济地位以及父子地位的差异。我们还比较了原籍国职业流动的相对比率。

引用次数: 0

The Human Multiple Births Database (HMBD) 人类多胞胎数据库（HMBD）

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q2 DEMOGRAPHY

Demographic Research

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.4054/demres.2023.48.4

C. Torres, Arianna Caporali, G. Pison

BACKGROUND The frequency of twin births has increased dramatically since the 1970s in nearly all developed countries. This upsurge poses a public health challenge because multiple pregnancies are associated with higher health risks and other disadvantages for both the children and the parents. A better understanding of the variation and trends in twinning and other multiple rates is therefore urgently needed. OBJECTIVE The Human Multiple Births Database (HMBD) provides open access national statistics on multiple births for numerous countries.

背景自20世纪70年代以来，几乎所有发达国家的双胞胎出生频率都急剧增加。这一激增对公共卫生构成了挑战，因为多胎妊娠对孩子和父母的健康风险和其他不利因素都较高。因此，迫切需要更好地了解结对和其他多重比率的变化和趋势。目的人类多胞胎数据库（HMBD）为许多国家提供开放获取的多胞胎国家统计数据。

引用次数: 0

Solo living in the process of transitioning to adulthood in Europe: The role of socioeconomic background 欧洲成人过渡过程中的独居:社会经济背景的作用

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q2 DEMOGRAPHY

Demographic Research

Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.4054/demres.2023.48.3

Jana Klímová Chaloupková

BACKGROUND In recent decades, patterns of transition to adulthood have undergone substantial changes, including an increase in people living solo after leaving the parental home. However, the extent to which solo living after leaving the parental home is a transitory state, quickly followed by union formation, or a relatively long-term state in the pathways to adulthood, and how long-term solo living is socially stratified are all questions that remain unanswered.

背景近几十年来，向成年过渡的模式发生了重大变化，包括离开父母家后独自生活的人数增加。然而，离开父母家后的独自生活在多大程度上是一种短暂的状态，随后很快就会形成联盟，或者是成年道路上的一种相对长期的状态，以及长期的独自生活是如何在社会上分层的，这些都是尚未回答的问题。

引用次数: 3

Parental status homogeneity in social networks: The role of homophilous tie selection in Germany 社会网络中的父母地位同质性:在德国同性关系选择的作用

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q2 DEMOGRAPHY

Demographic Research

Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.4054/demres.2023.48.2

Daniel Lois, O. Arránz Becker

OBJECTIVE We study network selection regarding parenthood status based on large-scale panel data on social networks in Germany.

目的基于德国社交网络的大规模面板数据，研究关于父母身份的网络选择。

引用次数: 1

Interpreting changes in life expectancy during temporary mortality shocks 解释暂时性死亡率冲击期间预期寿命的变化

3区社会学 Q2 DEMOGRAPHY

Demographic Research

Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.4054/demres.2023.48.1

Patrick Heuveline

Life expectancy is a pure measure of the mortality conditions faced by a population, unaffected by that populationâs age structure. The numerical value of life expectancy also has an intuitive interpretation, conditional on some assumptions, as the expecte

预期寿命纯粹是衡量人口面临的死亡状况，不受人口年龄结构的影响。预期寿命的数值也有一种直观的解释，以一些假设为条件，如期望值

引用次数: 2

A test of the predictive validity of relative versus absolute income for self-reported health and well-being in the United States. 美国自我报告健康和幸福的相对收入与绝对收入的预测有效性测试。

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q2 DEMOGRAPHY

Demographic Research

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.4054/demres.2023.48.26

David Brady, Michaela Curran, Richard M Carpiano

Background: A classic debate concerns whether absolute or relative income is more salient. Absolute values resources as constant across time and place while relative contextualizes one's hierarchical location in the distribution of a time and place.

Objective: This study investigates specifically whether absolute income or relative income matters more for health and well-being.

Methods: We exploit within-person, within-age, and within-time variation with higher-quality income measures and multiple health and well-being outcomes in the United States. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the Cross-National Equivalent File, we estimate three-way fixed effects models of self-rated health, poor health, psychological distress, and life satisfaction.

Results: For all four outcomes, relative income has much larger standardized coefficients than absolute income. Robustly, the confidence intervals for relative income do not overlap with zero. By contrast, absolute income mostly has confidence intervals that overlap with zero, and its coefficient is occasionally signed in the wrong direction. A variety of robustness checks support these results.

Conclusions: Relative income has far greater predictive validity than absolute income for self-reported health and well-being.

Contribution: Compared to earlier studies, this study provides a more rigorous comparison and test of the predictive validity of absolute and relative income that is uniquely conducted with data on the United States. This informs debates on income measurement, the sources of health and well-being, and inequalities generally. Plausibly, these results can guide any analysis that includes income in models.

背景：一场经典的辩论关注的是绝对收入还是相对收入更突出。绝对值将资源视为跨时间和地点的常量，而相对值则将一个人在时间和地点分布中的分层位置置于上下文中。目的：本研究专门调查绝对收入还是相对收入对健康和幸福更重要。方法：我们在美国利用人内、年龄内和时间内的变化，采用更高质量的收入衡量标准和多种健康和幸福结果。使用收入动态小组研究和跨国家等效文件，我们估计了自我评价健康、健康不佳、心理困扰和生活满意度的三方固定效应模型。结果：对于所有四种结果，相对收入的标准化系数远大于绝对收入。稳健地说，相对收入的置信区间不会与零重叠。相比之下，绝对收入的置信区间大多与零重叠，其系数偶尔会被标记为错误的方向。各种稳健性检查支持这些结果。结论：在自我报告的健康和幸福方面，相对收入的预测有效性远高于绝对收入。这为关于收入计量、健康和福祉的来源以及普遍不平等的辩论提供了依据。合理地说，这些结果可以指导任何将收入纳入模型的分析。

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引用次数: 1

Educational selectivity of native and foreign-born internal migrants in Europe 欧洲本地和外国出生的内部移民的教育选择性

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q2 DEMOGRAPHY

Demographic Research

Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.34

Miguel González‐Leonardo, Aude Bernard, J. García-Román, A. López‐Gay

Abstract

摘要

引用次数: 1

The COVID-19 pandemic’s unequal socioeconomic impacts on minority groups in the United States 新冠肺炎大流行对美国少数群体的不平等社会经济影响

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q2 DEMOGRAPHY

Demographic Research

Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.33

Weiwei Zhang, D. Kolady

BACKGROUND Socioeconomically disadvantaged groups disproportionately reported experiencing adverse circumstances resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic's socioeconomic impacts. Overarching factors associated with differentiated risks in the United States include race and ethnicity. OBJECTIVE We aim to examine: (1) the differentiated risk of experiencing adverse circumstances by race and ethnicity in the United States and (2) the trend in adverse outcomes and racial/ethnic differences in the past two years. METHODS The study utilized 49 data cycles from the Household Pulse Survey from April 2020 to September 2022. The outcomes are adverse experiences, including loss of employment income, food scarcity, housing insecurity, and unmet needs for mental health services. The racial and ethnic groups are non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic other minorities, and Hispanic. We compared weighted percentages of the total population and racial and ethnic groups reporting having experienced adverse circumstances during every data collection period. RESULTS We found that except for non-Hispanic Asians, racial and ethnic minorities were more likely to report loss of employment income, food scarcity, housing insecurity, and unmet needs for mental health services. Prevalence estimates by race/ethnicity for each cycle illustrated the persistent racial/ethnic disparities from April 2020 to the present. CONCLUSIONS The adverse socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic tended to be disproportionately higher for most racial and ethnic minorities compared to non-Hispanic Whites, and this trend continues. CONTRIBUTION This paper analyzes real time population survey data to demonstrate the extent of unequal and adverse socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on minority groups and highlights the persistence of these trends in adverse socioeconomic outcomes © 2022, Demographic Research.All Rights Reserved.

背景社会经济弱势群体不成比例地报告说，由于新冠肺炎疫情的社会经济影响，他们经历了不利的情况。在美国，与差异化风险相关的主要因素包括种族和民族。目的：我们旨在研究：（1）在美国，按种族和族裔经历不良情况的不同风险；（2）过去两年中不良结果和种族/族裔差异的趋势。方法该研究使用了2020年4月至2022年9月家庭脉搏调查的49个数据周期。结果是不利的经历，包括失去就业收入、粮食短缺、住房不安全以及对心理健康服务的需求未得到满足。种族和民族包括非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人、非西班牙裔亚裔、非西门牙裔其他少数民族和西班牙牙裔。我们比较了在每个数据收集期内报告经历过不良情况的总人口、种族和族裔群体的加权百分比。结果我们发现，除非西班牙裔亚洲人外，少数种族和族裔更有可能报告就业收入损失、粮食短缺、住房不安全和心理健康服务需求未得到满足。每个周期按种族/民族划分的患病率估计表明，从2020年4月到现在，持续存在种族/民族差异。结论与非西班牙裔白人相比，新冠肺炎大流行对大多数种族和少数民族的不利社会经济影响往往不成比例地高，而且这种趋势仍在继续。贡献本文分析了实时人口调查数据，以证明新冠肺炎大流行对少数群体的不平等和不利社会经济影响的程度，并强调了这些不利社会经济结果趋势的持续性©2022，人口学研究。保留所有权利。

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引用次数: 1

The Spanish flu and the health system: Considerations from the city of Parma, 1918 西班牙流感与卫生系统：1918年帕尔马市的思考

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q2 DEMOGRAPHY

Demographic Research

Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.32

M. Manfredini

BACKGROUND The gravity of the Spanish flu has been often associated with inadequate health systems. However, few studies have used health data effectively in their analysis of epidemics. OBJECTIVE To analyze the role of hospitals in an Italian town during the Spanish flu and its effect on the risk of dying at home. METHODS Individual-level information from the Permission of Burials was used to evaluate the impact of the epidemic on city hospitals. A logistic model was used to estimate the odds of a home death in order to elucidate possible sociodemographic mechanisms linked to hospital saturation issues.

背景:西班牙流感的严重性通常与卫生系统不足有关。然而，很少有研究在分析流行病时有效地使用卫生数据。目的分析西班牙流感期间意大利某城镇医院的作用及其对家庭死亡风险的影响。方法采用《丧葬许可》的个人层面信息，评价疫情对城市医院的影响。使用逻辑模型来估计家庭死亡的几率，以阐明与医院饱和问题相关的可能的社会人口机制。

引用次数: 0

Adolescent fertility and high school completion in Chile: Exploring gender differences 智利青少年生育率和高中毕业率：探讨性别差异

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q2 DEMOGRAPHY

Demographic Research

Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.31

V. Salinas, Valentina Jorquera-Samter

OBJECTIVE This study has two objectives: first, to estimate the effect of adolescent fertility on high school completion for Chilean adolescents, considering selectivity due to socioeconomic background and prior academic achievement, and, second, to explore the gender differences that exist in this effect. METHODS We use propensity score weighting and regression adjustment to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated groups. We employ a rich dataset built on several administrative sources, covering a cohort of students attending publicly funded schools from

本研究有两个目的:首先，考虑到社会经济背景和先前学业成就的选择性，估计青少年生育对智利青少年高中毕业的影响;其次，探讨这种影响中存在的性别差异。方法采用倾向评分加权和回归调整估计治疗组的平均治疗效果。我们使用了一个基于多个行政来源的丰富数据集，涵盖了来自美国的公立学校的一群学生

引用次数: 1

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