首页 > 最新文献

Journal of the American Planning Association最新文献

英文 中文
Homelessness Is a Housing Problem: How Structural Factors Explain U.S. Patterns 无家可归是一个住房问题:结构性因素如何解释美国的模式
IF 5.6 2区 经济学 Q1 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2023.2174346
B. McCabe
more appetite for elaborate planning interventions than elsewhere on the continent, he is more optimistic about the prospects of bottom-up change than many, myself included. Regardless, with Remaking the American Dream we now have an important book to guide the work of planning academics and practitioners thinking hard about the future of the silent majority of U.S. neighborhoods. They will need to do so because the environmental, social, and fiscal pressures to release single-family enclaves from their straightjackets in coming years seem sure to intensify.
与非洲大陆其他地方相比,他更喜欢精心规划干预措施,对自下而上的变革前景也比包括我在内的许多人更乐观。无论如何,通过《重塑美国梦》,我们现在有了一本重要的书来指导规划学者和从业者的工作,他们认真思考美国大多数沉默社区的未来。他们需要这样做,因为在未来几年里,将独栋飞地从紧身衣中解放出来的环境、社会和财政压力似乎肯定会加剧。
{"title":"Homelessness Is a Housing Problem: How Structural Factors Explain U.S. Patterns","authors":"B. McCabe","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2174346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2174346","url":null,"abstract":"more appetite for elaborate planning interventions than elsewhere on the continent, he is more optimistic about the prospects of bottom-up change than many, myself included. Regardless, with Remaking the American Dream we now have an important book to guide the work of planning academics and practitioners thinking hard about the future of the silent majority of U.S. neighborhoods. They will need to do so because the environmental, social, and fiscal pressures to release single-family enclaves from their straightjackets in coming years seem sure to intensify.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"89 1","pages":"254 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42186749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Planning History From the Lions’ Perspective 从狮子会的角度来看规划历史
IF 5.6 2区 经济学 Q1 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2022.2124188
T. Oberly, J. Reece
Abstract Problem, research strategy, and findings Planning history in the United States is deeply intertwined with Black history. Yet, mainstream planning history narratives center White male planners and either ignore or present Black communities as passive victims. Inspired by the periodization defined by June Manning Thomas, this review provides a counternarrative of dominant planning history by centering Black experiences. This review reframes planning history across five periods: the Progressive era, the Great Migration, public housing after 1937 including World War II housing and postwar urban renewal, the civil rights era, and the 1970s and beyond. The authors suggest an extension of the final period to include mass incarceration and ongoing police violence. Centering Black experiences in planning history highlights the agency, power, and resiliency that Black communities have enacted despite dominant racist planning policies and practices. Takeaway for practice With an understanding of planning history from the perspective of those oppressed by traditional planning, the oppressed will no longer be dismissed as passive victims but will be understood as active players in their lives and communities. Instead, the political, social, psychological, and cultural power dynamics are acknowledged and demonstrate the ongoing determination of an oppressed group to fight for empowerment and joy. This allows for power dynamics to be reimagined for a better future of planning with, for, and by Black communities and any marginalized communities.
美国的规划史与黑人历史紧密地交织在一起。然而,主流的规划历史叙事以白人男性规划者为中心,忽视或将黑人社区描述为被动的受害者。受June Manning Thomas定义的分期的启发,这篇综述以黑人的经历为中心,提供了对主导规划历史的反叙述。这篇综述将规划的历史分为五个时期:进步时代、大迁徙、1937年后的公共住房(包括二战时期的住房和战后城市重建)、民权时代、20世纪70年代及以后。作者建议延长最后期限,包括大规模监禁和持续的警察暴力。在规划历史中以黑人经验为中心,突出了黑人社区在主导种族主义规划政策和实践的情况下所制定的机构、权力和弹性。从那些受传统规划压迫的人的角度来理解规划的历史,被压迫者将不再被视为被动的受害者,而是将被理解为他们生活和社区中的积极参与者。相反,政治、社会、心理和文化力量的动态得到了承认,并展示了受压迫群体为获得权力和快乐而斗争的持续决心。这使得权力动态可以被重新设想,为黑人社区和任何边缘化社区规划一个更美好的未来。
{"title":"Planning History From the Lions’ Perspective","authors":"T. Oberly, J. Reece","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2124188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2124188","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Problem, research strategy, and findings Planning history in the United States is deeply intertwined with Black history. Yet, mainstream planning history narratives center White male planners and either ignore or present Black communities as passive victims. Inspired by the periodization defined by June Manning Thomas, this review provides a counternarrative of dominant planning history by centering Black experiences. This review reframes planning history across five periods: the Progressive era, the Great Migration, public housing after 1937 including World War II housing and postwar urban renewal, the civil rights era, and the 1970s and beyond. The authors suggest an extension of the final period to include mass incarceration and ongoing police violence. Centering Black experiences in planning history highlights the agency, power, and resiliency that Black communities have enacted despite dominant racist planning policies and practices. Takeaway for practice With an understanding of planning history from the perspective of those oppressed by traditional planning, the oppressed will no longer be dismissed as passive victims but will be understood as active players in their lives and communities. Instead, the political, social, psychological, and cultural power dynamics are acknowledged and demonstrate the ongoing determination of an oppressed group to fight for empowerment and joy. This allows for power dynamics to be reimagined for a better future of planning with, for, and by Black communities and any marginalized communities.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"89 1","pages":"487 - 504"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43327198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are Traffic Studies “Junk Science” That Don’t Belong in Court? 交通研究是不属于法庭的“垃圾科学”吗?
IF 5.6 2区 经济学 Q1 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2022.2136735
Kristina M. Currans, Kenneth A. Stahl
{"title":"Are Traffic Studies “Junk Science” That Don’t Belong in Court?","authors":"Kristina M. Currans, Kenneth A. Stahl","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2136735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2136735","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47563798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Rents of Whiteness 白色的租金
IF 5.6 2区 经济学 Q1 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2022.2121308
Philip M. E. Garboden
Abstract In this Viewpoint, I develop the concept of the rents of Whiteness as a tool that urban planners can use when evaluating land use issues. The exclusionary power conferred by Whiteness has been leveraged for the economic benefit of privileged communities in myriad ways. This phenomenon can be usefully described as a form of rent-seeking: deriving profits from legal or social exclusion. Planners confront the rents of Whiteness in many forms, including neighborhood exclusion, environmental injustice, and the occupation of tribal lands. Conceptualizing these situations as racial rent-seeking clarifies how benefits captured by White communities are inexorably linked to harms done in non-White communities. I conclude with recommendations for dismantling these rents. For technocratic approaches, planners must not confuse the loss of rents with material harm. In the communicative sphere, planners must redefine communities to include those who have been historically excluded.
摘要在这一观点中,我提出了白度租金的概念,作为城市规划者在评估土地利用问题时可以使用的工具。白人赋予的排斥权力被以各种方式用于特权社区的经济利益。这种现象可以被描述为一种寻租形式:从法律或社会排斥中获取利润。规划者以多种形式面对白人的租金,包括社区排斥、环境不公正和对部落土地的占领。将这些情况概念化为种族寻租,阐明了白人社区获得的利益如何与非白人社区造成的伤害密不可分。最后,我建议取消这些租金。对于技术官僚的方法,规划者不能将租金损失与物质伤害混为一谈。在交流领域,规划者必须重新定义社区,将那些历史上被排斥的人包括在内。
{"title":"The Rents of Whiteness","authors":"Philip M. E. Garboden","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2121308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2121308","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this Viewpoint, I develop the concept of the rents of Whiteness as a tool that urban planners can use when evaluating land use issues. The exclusionary power conferred by Whiteness has been leveraged for the economic benefit of privileged communities in myriad ways. This phenomenon can be usefully described as a form of rent-seeking: deriving profits from legal or social exclusion. Planners confront the rents of Whiteness in many forms, including neighborhood exclusion, environmental injustice, and the occupation of tribal lands. Conceptualizing these situations as racial rent-seeking clarifies how benefits captured by White communities are inexorably linked to harms done in non-White communities. I conclude with recommendations for dismantling these rents. For technocratic approaches, planners must not confuse the loss of rents with material harm. In the communicative sphere, planners must redefine communities to include those who have been historically excluded.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"89 1","pages":"517 - 523"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43818047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptability of Low-Income Communities in Postdisaster Relocation 低收入社区在灾后搬迁中的适应性
IF 5.6 2区 经济学 Q1 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2022.2133781
K. Iuchi
{"title":"Adaptability of Low-Income Communities in Postdisaster Relocation","authors":"K. Iuchi","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2133781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2133781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44204897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Building Colonial Hong Kong: Speculative Development and Segregation in the City 建设殖民地香港:城市的投机发展与隔离
IF 5.6 2区 经济学 Q1 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2022.2133324
Nick R. Smith
Chapter 5, Colburn and Aldern return to the analysis of housing markets at the heart of their argument. They show that the per capita rate of homelessness is higher in cities and counties with lower vacancy rates and higher rents. In Part III, the authors conclude by examining why housing markets vary so widely across regions and what we can do about it. The final chapter introduces a set of tensions at the heart of housing policy. The first tension is between short-term solutions and long-term ones. Although short-term solutions can address the immediate challenges of homelessness, only policies designed to expand the supply of housing, drive down the cost of rent, and provide more widespread rental assistance can bring a long-term resolution to the homelessness crisis. In addition, Colburn and Aldern emphasize the tension between private and public investments in solving this crisis. Though the authors acknowledge a role for the private sector, they note that private investments in housing will never be enough to end homelessness. Only by decommodifying housing for the poorest renters can we meaningfully ease the housing crisis and contribute to a permanent solution. Public investments must be coordinated between federal and local efforts to ensure a sufficient outlay of resources to end homelessness. Ultimately, Homelessness Is a Housing Problem should erase any doubt about the powerful role of housing markets in creating homelessness. Written with straightforward prose and digestible empirical analyses suitable for academic and lay audiences alike, the book will serve as a useful resource for planners seeking to dispel myths about homelessness and zero in on its causes. Alongside a handful of other books about the housing market, including Jenny Schuetz’s Fixer-Upper (2022), Elizabeth Korver-Glenn’s Race Brokers (2021), and Eva Rosen’s The Voucher Promise (2020), Colburn and Aldern’s deepens our understanding about the causes of the housing crisis and the path to resolving it. Ultimately, if homelessness is a housing problem, then the solution lies in improving the housing market.
第五章,Colburn和Aldern回到了他们争论的核心——住房市场分析。他们表明,在空置率较低、租金较高的城市和县,人均无家可归率较高。在第三部分中,作者通过研究为什么不同地区的住房市场差异如此之大以及我们能做些什么来结束文章。最后一章介绍了住房政策核心的一系列紧张局势。第一个紧张关系是短期解决方案和长期解决方案之间的紧张关系。尽管短期解决方案可以解决无家可归的直接挑战,但只有旨在扩大住房供应、降低租金成本和提供更广泛的租房援助的政策才能长期解决无家可归危机。此外,Colburn和Aldern强调了解决这场危机时私人投资和公共投资之间的紧张关系。尽管作者承认私营部门的作用,但他们指出,私人住房投资永远不足以结束无家可归的现象。只有取消对最贫穷租房者的住房改造,我们才能有意义地缓解住房危机,并为永久解决方案做出贡献。公共投资必须在联邦和地方努力之间进行协调,以确保有足够的资源支出来结束无家可归现象。最终,《无家可归是一个住房问题》应该消除人们对住房市场在造成无家可归中的强大作用的任何怀疑。这本书以简洁的散文和易于理解的实证分析写成,适合学术界和非专业观众,对于寻求消除有关无家可归的神话并深入了解其原因的规划者来说,它将是一个有用的资源。除了其他几本关于住房市场的书,包括Jenny Schuetz的《Fixer Upper》(2022)、Elizabeth Korver Glenn的《种族经纪人》(2021)和Eva Rosen的《优惠券承诺》(2020),Colburn和Aldern的书加深了我们对住房危机原因和解决途径的理解,那么解决之道在于改善住房市场。
{"title":"Building Colonial Hong Kong: Speculative Development and Segregation in the City","authors":"Nick R. Smith","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2133324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2133324","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 5, Colburn and Aldern return to the analysis of housing markets at the heart of their argument. They show that the per capita rate of homelessness is higher in cities and counties with lower vacancy rates and higher rents. In Part III, the authors conclude by examining why housing markets vary so widely across regions and what we can do about it. The final chapter introduces a set of tensions at the heart of housing policy. The first tension is between short-term solutions and long-term ones. Although short-term solutions can address the immediate challenges of homelessness, only policies designed to expand the supply of housing, drive down the cost of rent, and provide more widespread rental assistance can bring a long-term resolution to the homelessness crisis. In addition, Colburn and Aldern emphasize the tension between private and public investments in solving this crisis. Though the authors acknowledge a role for the private sector, they note that private investments in housing will never be enough to end homelessness. Only by decommodifying housing for the poorest renters can we meaningfully ease the housing crisis and contribute to a permanent solution. Public investments must be coordinated between federal and local efforts to ensure a sufficient outlay of resources to end homelessness. Ultimately, Homelessness Is a Housing Problem should erase any doubt about the powerful role of housing markets in creating homelessness. Written with straightforward prose and digestible empirical analyses suitable for academic and lay audiences alike, the book will serve as a useful resource for planners seeking to dispel myths about homelessness and zero in on its causes. Alongside a handful of other books about the housing market, including Jenny Schuetz’s Fixer-Upper (2022), Elizabeth Korver-Glenn’s Race Brokers (2021), and Eva Rosen’s The Voucher Promise (2020), Colburn and Aldern’s deepens our understanding about the causes of the housing crisis and the path to resolving it. Ultimately, if homelessness is a housing problem, then the solution lies in improving the housing market.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"89 1","pages":"255 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46508402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Growing Safely or Building Risk? 安全增长还是建筑风险?
IF 5.6 2区 经济学 Q1 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2022.2141821
M. Hino, T. BenDor, Jordan Branham, N. Kaza, Antonia Sebastian, Shane Sweeney
{"title":"Growing Safely or Building Risk?","authors":"M. Hino, T. BenDor, Jordan Branham, N. Kaza, Antonia Sebastian, Shane Sweeney","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2141821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2141821","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49656387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
High Rises and Housing Stress 高层建筑和房屋压力
IF 5.6 2区 经济学 Q1 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2022.2126382
Cloé St-Hilaire, Mikael Brunila, D. Wachsmuth
{"title":"High Rises and Housing Stress","authors":"Cloé St-Hilaire, Mikael Brunila, D. Wachsmuth","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2126382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2126382","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41553371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
What Tense Is a Plan 什么是计划
IF 5.6 2区 经济学 Q1 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2022.2144700
A. Forsyth
Plans have a complicated relationship to time and thus to verb tense. They are forward looking but have current goals for future circumstances. Such goals typically reflect the contemporary situation when the plan was created, as well as reacting to the history of the place. Plans speak about the future, what people are planning for, but are creatures of the time when they were written. They may also be seen as part of the current regulatory landscape even if they are not themselves laws; rather, they are typically implemented separately by regulations, programs, and policies. This generates a mixture of future orientation, past writing, and current relevance. More than just a copyediting issue, this relationship between plans and time raises deeper issues. Over the past 4 years as JAPA editor, I have read many papers about plans. These have included urban, regional, neighborhood, sector, sustainability, adaptation, mitigation, comprehensive, transportation, housing, scenario, and several other kinds of plans. In JAPA, such plans have often been the subjects of analysis. Authors have unpacked what they have said about specific topics, examining plan text and illustrations to understand debates when they were written and what that means now. Many plans have provided data for evaluations and assessments on topics from sustainability to equity and the arts. Others have been part of the contexts for case studies. This raises the practical question for a journal editor: What tense is a plan? When referring to a plan in an article, is it like a law (current), or a vision (future), or is it a representation of its time (past)? Though tense is to some extent a matter of grammar, it is also a matter of style. For example, JAPA uses American Psychological Association (APA) style, seventh edition. When referring to published studies, APA style favors past tense (Forsyth proposed) or present perfect (others have shown; APA, 2022). Other approaches to style might use more present tense, adding a layer of confusion. Beyond these issues of writing, the tense of the plan also matters in practice in the sense of whether a past plan is still relevant for the future. I remember one of my early research projects talking to local activists fighting a planned urban expansion, which had been slated for some decades (Forsyth, 1997). These activists were quite critical of accepting the plans of the past in the current era. At the same time, they wanted longterm plans to lock in their own vision for the future. These tensions between past, present, and future are common in planning. They are at least in part debates about whether a plan’s time is past or still current and about what that means for the future. Where does that leave the plan in journals such as JAPA? I have come to see that the answer depends on the circumstance. Many articles in JAPA have used plans as data to assess how planning ideas have changed over a period of years. Authors have analyzed plans as pro
计划与时间有着复杂的关系,因此也与动词时态有关。他们具有前瞻性,但对未来环境有着当前的目标。这些目标通常反映了计划制定时的当代情况,以及对该地历史的反应。计划讲述的是未来,人们的计划,但它们是书写时的生物。它们也可能被视为当前监管格局的一部分,即使它们本身不是法律;相反,它们通常由法规、计划和策略单独实施。这产生了未来方向、过去写作和当前相关性的混合。计划和时间之间的关系不仅仅是一个文案编辑问题,还引发了更深层次的问题。在过去的4年里,我担任了JAPA的编辑,阅读了许多关于计划的论文。其中包括城市、区域、社区、部门、可持续性、适应、缓解、综合、交通、住房、情景和其他几种计划。在日本,这种计划经常成为分析的主题。作者们解开了他们对特定主题所说的话,检查了计划文本和插图,以了解它们在写作时的辩论以及现在的意义。许多计划为从可持续性到公平和艺术等主题的评估和评估提供了数据。其他一些则是案例研究背景的一部分。这给期刊编辑提出了一个实际问题:计划是什么时态?当在一篇文章中提到一个计划时,它是一部法律(当前),还是一个愿景(未来),还是它代表了它的时代(过去)?虽然时态在某种程度上是语法问题,但它也是风格问题。例如,JAPA采用了美国心理协会(APA)的风格,第七版。在提到已发表的研究时,APA风格倾向于过去时(福赛斯提出)或现在完成时(其他人已经表明;APA,2022)。其他风格方法可能会使用更多的现在时,增加一层混乱。除了这些写作问题之外,计划的时态在实践中也很重要,因为过去的计划是否仍然与未来相关。我记得我早期的一个研究项目与反对城市扩张计划的当地活动家进行了交谈,这项计划已经计划了几十年(Forsyth,1997)。这些积极分子对在当前时代接受过去的计划持批评态度。与此同时,他们希望制定长期计划,锁定自己对未来的愿景。过去、现在和未来之间的紧张关系在规划中很常见。他们至少在一定程度上是在争论一项计划的时间是过去的还是现在的,以及这对未来意味着什么。这在日本等杂志上留下了什么样的计划?我发现答案取决于具体情况。日本的许多文章都将计划作为数据来评估规划理念在几年内的变化。作者将计划分析为他们时代的产物,而那个时代已经过去了。在其他时候,研究人员将计划作为当前法规的一部分进行了研究,这也是当前背景的一部分。还有一些研究可以将计划视为未来的愿景。有时情况并不清楚。作者可能会讨论2018年分析的2010年计划,但当作者在2023年提交文章时,它仍然是最新的吗?作者应该这么认为吗?规划学术包含了计划的过去、未来和当前相关性的复杂性。我希望这篇社论能帮助作者和读者更批判性地参与计划和时代。
{"title":"What Tense Is a Plan","authors":"A. Forsyth","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2144700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2144700","url":null,"abstract":"Plans have a complicated relationship to time and thus to verb tense. They are forward looking but have current goals for future circumstances. Such goals typically reflect the contemporary situation when the plan was created, as well as reacting to the history of the place. Plans speak about the future, what people are planning for, but are creatures of the time when they were written. They may also be seen as part of the current regulatory landscape even if they are not themselves laws; rather, they are typically implemented separately by regulations, programs, and policies. This generates a mixture of future orientation, past writing, and current relevance. More than just a copyediting issue, this relationship between plans and time raises deeper issues. Over the past 4 years as JAPA editor, I have read many papers about plans. These have included urban, regional, neighborhood, sector, sustainability, adaptation, mitigation, comprehensive, transportation, housing, scenario, and several other kinds of plans. In JAPA, such plans have often been the subjects of analysis. Authors have unpacked what they have said about specific topics, examining plan text and illustrations to understand debates when they were written and what that means now. Many plans have provided data for evaluations and assessments on topics from sustainability to equity and the arts. Others have been part of the contexts for case studies. This raises the practical question for a journal editor: What tense is a plan? When referring to a plan in an article, is it like a law (current), or a vision (future), or is it a representation of its time (past)? Though tense is to some extent a matter of grammar, it is also a matter of style. For example, JAPA uses American Psychological Association (APA) style, seventh edition. When referring to published studies, APA style favors past tense (Forsyth proposed) or present perfect (others have shown; APA, 2022). Other approaches to style might use more present tense, adding a layer of confusion. Beyond these issues of writing, the tense of the plan also matters in practice in the sense of whether a past plan is still relevant for the future. I remember one of my early research projects talking to local activists fighting a planned urban expansion, which had been slated for some decades (Forsyth, 1997). These activists were quite critical of accepting the plans of the past in the current era. At the same time, they wanted longterm plans to lock in their own vision for the future. These tensions between past, present, and future are common in planning. They are at least in part debates about whether a plan’s time is past or still current and about what that means for the future. Where does that leave the plan in journals such as JAPA? I have come to see that the answer depends on the circumstance. Many articles in JAPA have used plans as data to assess how planning ideas have changed over a period of years. Authors have analyzed plans as pro","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"89 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45192669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Public Views on the Reallocation of Street Space Due to COVID-19 新冠肺炎疫情下街道空间重新分配的公众意见
IF 5.6 2区 经济学 Q1 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2022.2058595
R. Noland, Evan Iacobucci, Wenwen Zhang
Abstract Problem, research strategy, and findings Many towns and cities have reallocated street space in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was done to allow more social distancing for physical activity and to provide space for restaurants to offer outdoor dining. We used data collected via an online Qualtrics panel of New Jersey residents (n = 1,419) to evaluate how these street closures were viewed. Did people take advantage of the opportunity to dine outside? Was walking more attractive with more space? How did respondents feel about changes in traffic patterns due to the closures? Did people walk more frequently? Results suggested that there was substantial public support for these types of interventions that allowed for more walking and more lively town centers (about 40%–45% of respondents expressed support, and only 35% had negative views; a large share was neutral). Those with negative views believed that street closures increased congestion and that outdoor dining made it more difficult to walk. Takeaway for practice In New Jersey, many towns are considering making COVID-inspired street changes permanent. There is broad support for this, though transportation agencies remain an impediment. We suggest that the current groundswell of support for street changes represents a rare opportunity to implement street design changes that support pedestrians and outdoor activities.
摘要问题、研究策略和发现为了应对新冠肺炎大流行,许多城镇重新分配了街道空间。这样做是为了让体育活动保持更多的社交距离,并为餐馆提供户外用餐的空间。我们使用了通过新泽西州居民的在线Qualtrics小组收集的数据(n = 1419),以评估如何看待这些街道封闭。人们有没有利用这个机会在外面用餐?有更多的空间走路更有吸引力吗?受访者对封城后交通模式的变化有何感受?人们走路更频繁了吗?结果表明,公众对这些类型的干预措施有很大的支持,这些干预措施允许更多的步行和更热闹的市中心(约40%-45%的受访者表示支持,只有35%的人持负面看法;很大一部分人持中立态度)。持负面看法的人认为,街道封闭加剧了拥堵,户外用餐使步行更加困难。在新泽西州,许多城镇正在考虑将受新冠肺炎影响的街道改造永久化。尽管运输机构仍然是一个障碍,但这一点得到了广泛的支持。我们认为,目前对街道改造的支持激增,为实施支持行人和户外活动的街道设计变革提供了难得的机会。
{"title":"Public Views on the Reallocation of Street Space Due to COVID-19","authors":"R. Noland, Evan Iacobucci, Wenwen Zhang","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2058595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2058595","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Problem, research strategy, and findings Many towns and cities have reallocated street space in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was done to allow more social distancing for physical activity and to provide space for restaurants to offer outdoor dining. We used data collected via an online Qualtrics panel of New Jersey residents (n = 1,419) to evaluate how these street closures were viewed. Did people take advantage of the opportunity to dine outside? Was walking more attractive with more space? How did respondents feel about changes in traffic patterns due to the closures? Did people walk more frequently? Results suggested that there was substantial public support for these types of interventions that allowed for more walking and more lively town centers (about 40%–45% of respondents expressed support, and only 35% had negative views; a large share was neutral). Those with negative views believed that street closures increased congestion and that outdoor dining made it more difficult to walk. Takeaway for practice In New Jersey, many towns are considering making COVID-inspired street changes permanent. There is broad support for this, though transportation agencies remain an impediment. We suggest that the current groundswell of support for street changes represents a rare opportunity to implement street design changes that support pedestrians and outdoor activities.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"89 1","pages":"93 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47781525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
期刊
Journal of the American Planning Association
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1