Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2023.2239771
Aryana Soliz, Lancelot Rodrigue, Christian Peaker, Isabelle Bernard, Ahmed El-Geneidy
AbstractProblem, research strategy, and findings Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been widely encouraged as a strategy to limit urban sprawl, increase urban density, and enhance neighborhood diversity. Federal and regional governments have been increasingly promoting such TOD in parallel with light rail transit (LRT) projects to foster sustainable transitions. Little is known, however, about the processes through which municipalities have made changes to existing land use regulations to achieve TOD goals. In this article we trace changes in municipal plans and bylaws surrounding a CA$7 billion LRT in Montréal (Canada) that opened in summer 2023, 7 years after its announcement. Specifically, we analyzed whether changes in municipal bylaws conformed to TOD plans recommended by the metropolitan government while exploring local barriers to zoning reform. Through policy and spatial analysis, we found that only a limited number of municipalities made sufficient bylaw changes between 2016 and 2022 to support TOD plans aimed at implementing mixed-use zoning, increasing urban density, and reducing parking ratios. Through an analysis of rezoning processes, we see an opportunity for improved multilevel cooperation, public engagement activities, and positive communication strategies in the process of building integrated transport and land use systems.Takeaway for practice These findings can aid planners and policymakers in understanding the importance of reforming municipal zoning bylaws and regional approaches to TOD, strengthening collaboration between different levels of government, and engaging in meaningful public consultation practices to foster an integrated transport and land use approach. If LRT projects are to be successful in meeting sustainability goals, greater engagement with land use regulations across multiple scales is needed to facilitate TOD.Keywords: bylawsland use regulationslight railtransit-oriented developmentzoning Research SupportThis article draws on research supported by The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Collaborative Health Research Projects (CHRP) Program (CIHR CPG-170602 and CPG-170602 X- 253156, NSERC CHRPJ 549576-20), the Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture (FRQSC) Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, as well as the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) Canada Graduate Scholarship Master’s Program (CGS-M).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Supplemental MaterialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2239771ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe thank Gregory Butler and James DeWeese for their help in the early stages of the research and Julien Duffy his assistance with data collection.Additional informationNotes on contributorsAryana SolizARYANA SOLIZ (aryana.soliz@mcgill.ca) is a postdoctoral researcher in the
{"title":"Zoning In on Transit-Oriented Development","authors":"Aryana Soliz, Lancelot Rodrigue, Christian Peaker, Isabelle Bernard, Ahmed El-Geneidy","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2239771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2239771","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractProblem, research strategy, and findings Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been widely encouraged as a strategy to limit urban sprawl, increase urban density, and enhance neighborhood diversity. Federal and regional governments have been increasingly promoting such TOD in parallel with light rail transit (LRT) projects to foster sustainable transitions. Little is known, however, about the processes through which municipalities have made changes to existing land use regulations to achieve TOD goals. In this article we trace changes in municipal plans and bylaws surrounding a CA$7 billion LRT in Montréal (Canada) that opened in summer 2023, 7 years after its announcement. Specifically, we analyzed whether changes in municipal bylaws conformed to TOD plans recommended by the metropolitan government while exploring local barriers to zoning reform. Through policy and spatial analysis, we found that only a limited number of municipalities made sufficient bylaw changes between 2016 and 2022 to support TOD plans aimed at implementing mixed-use zoning, increasing urban density, and reducing parking ratios. Through an analysis of rezoning processes, we see an opportunity for improved multilevel cooperation, public engagement activities, and positive communication strategies in the process of building integrated transport and land use systems.Takeaway for practice These findings can aid planners and policymakers in understanding the importance of reforming municipal zoning bylaws and regional approaches to TOD, strengthening collaboration between different levels of government, and engaging in meaningful public consultation practices to foster an integrated transport and land use approach. If LRT projects are to be successful in meeting sustainability goals, greater engagement with land use regulations across multiple scales is needed to facilitate TOD.Keywords: bylawsland use regulationslight railtransit-oriented developmentzoning Research SupportThis article draws on research supported by The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Collaborative Health Research Projects (CHRP) Program (CIHR CPG-170602 and CPG-170602 X- 253156, NSERC CHRPJ 549576-20), the Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture (FRQSC) Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, as well as the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) Canada Graduate Scholarship Master’s Program (CGS-M).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Supplemental MaterialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2239771ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe thank Gregory Butler and James DeWeese for their help in the early stages of the research and Julien Duffy his assistance with data collection.Additional informationNotes on contributorsAryana SolizARYANA SOLIZ (aryana.soliz@mcgill.ca) is a postdoctoral researcher in the","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2023.2247821
L. B. Pollans
{"title":"The Politics of Trash: How Governments Used Corruption to Clean Cities, 1890–1929","authors":"L. B. Pollans","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2247821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2247821","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42780553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2023.2247820
Larissa Larsen
{"title":"The Heat Will Kill You First: Life and Death on a Scorched Planet","authors":"Larissa Larsen","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2247820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2247820","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47017927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2023.2247819
G. Ottinger
{"title":"Fighting to Breathe: Race, Toxicity, and the Rise of Youth Activism in Baltimore","authors":"G. Ottinger","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2247819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2247819","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46231770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2023.2240794
R. Whitney, Trudy Ledsham
{"title":"Community Animators and Participatory Planning","authors":"R. Whitney, Trudy Ledsham","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2240794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2240794","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49319660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2023.2235998
M. Teitz
{"title":"Emerging Global Cities: Origin, Structure, and Significance","authors":"M. Teitz","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2235998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2235998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43325704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2023.2235997
P. Robinson
C ities are sites of innovation. Smart city technology is one form of innovation that planners are increasingly encountering. But how and when does this innovation improve the quality of life in cities? Who decides how and when innovation gets deployed? Urban planners have always played a central role in generating policy, design, and public engagement processes while mediating competing interests in the city. What is the role of the planner in the smart city? Are we, as planning researchers, educators, and professionals, up to the task? The three books that comprise this review speak to the opportunities and challenges planners and our residents face. Interestingly, two of the three books reviewed here, by John Lorinc and Josh O’Kane, come not from planning researchers or educators but from Canadian journalists. The third book, edited by Susan Flynn, gathers 22 scholars of geography, architecture, digital culture, design, equity studies, sociology, digital learning, science and technology studies, theater, urban planning, engineering, creative industries, urban development, and communication. Collectively, these three books offer important critical insights on how efforts to bring new technologies to cities create tensions between innovation, privatesector interests, the role of governments in procuring and implementing innovative urban development projects, and resident engagement in planning and design processes. Though the intended audiences are broader than planning researchers, educators, students, and practitioners, individually and collectively these books are a cautionary tale for our profession and its role in the city-building process as we confront the uses and implications of digital technologies.
{"title":"Who Is Planning the Smart City?","authors":"P. Robinson","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2235997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2235997","url":null,"abstract":"C ities are sites of innovation. Smart city technology is one form of innovation that planners are increasingly encountering. But how and when does this innovation improve the quality of life in cities? Who decides how and when innovation gets deployed? Urban planners have always played a central role in generating policy, design, and public engagement processes while mediating competing interests in the city. What is the role of the planner in the smart city? Are we, as planning researchers, educators, and professionals, up to the task? The three books that comprise this review speak to the opportunities and challenges planners and our residents face. Interestingly, two of the three books reviewed here, by John Lorinc and Josh O’Kane, come not from planning researchers or educators but from Canadian journalists. The third book, edited by Susan Flynn, gathers 22 scholars of geography, architecture, digital culture, design, equity studies, sociology, digital learning, science and technology studies, theater, urban planning, engineering, creative industries, urban development, and communication. Collectively, these three books offer important critical insights on how efforts to bring new technologies to cities create tensions between innovation, privatesector interests, the role of governments in procuring and implementing innovative urban development projects, and resident engagement in planning and design processes. Though the intended audiences are broader than planning researchers, educators, students, and practitioners, individually and collectively these books are a cautionary tale for our profession and its role in the city-building process as we confront the uses and implications of digital technologies.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41535876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2023.2235993
Z. Lamb
{"title":"Blue Architecture: Water, Design, and Environmental Futures","authors":"Z. Lamb","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2235993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2235993","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44138112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2023.2235995
Jennifer S. Minner
{"title":"Build Beyond Zero: New Ideas for Carbon-Smart Architecture","authors":"Jennifer S. Minner","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2235995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2235995","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45950646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2023.2221596
S. Goldstein
become homeowners. Street marches and assemblies are insurgent mobilization practices while pobladores wait for the right to the city, characterized by demanding homeownership in their neighborhoods of origin without being displaced. At the same time, housing movements engaged on an institutional level by constituting comit es de allegados (state-regulated housing committees) and applying for housing subsidies. Indeed, “the poor engage subversively with state programs, transforming state-regulated assemblies into right-to-the-city organizations” (p. 85). Through his ethnographic work, the author identifies that the pobladores’ identity is an ethical and political matter. By describing the pobladores’ engagement in the housing struggles, the author proposes a shift from the traditional perspective of pobladores as a unified identity based on a class-territory category of the urban poor. Moreover, the author recognizes effort-based narratives where “pobladores operated as an assemblage of political and moral obligations by individuals to the community" (p. 123), which determines who has the right to have rights within and outside of the organization. Similarly, P erez reflects on how pobladores reformulate their demands by struggling for a life with dignity, not as a matter of “subhuman” living conditions (p. 155), but rather to be recognized as a political and social producer of the space, empowering communities to decide on their own lives. The Right to Dignity is a book that questions planners and housing policymakers on how urban governance and housing programs are established today. P erez’s reflections are an invitation to address the limitations of transforming the urban debate toward a democratized perspective of planning and to grasp an opportunity to involve communities in the city-making process. Indeed, the book contributes to reflecting on the role and recognition of pobladores and housing movements in the actual urban contexts of neoliberal policies, understanding that there is not a romanticization of the action of the social movements but rather a new moment on the social and political characterization of housing activists in Chile. Moreover, the recognition of pobladores as a housing movement that does not rely upon self-building construction but contests for recognition, fighting the policies of displacement and segregation, struggling for the right to stay put. It also contributes to scholarship of the Global South, where housing policies via a subsidy system are expanding; at the same time, social movements are empowering themselves to achieve social recognition. Likewise, the Chilean case can be relevant for those studying the transformation of social movements today, their linkage with the historical and genealogical past, and how it affects the identification and narratives of the movements today. As an ethnographic work, the book provides insight into how the transformations of housing policies and social movements are direc
{"title":"The Right to Be Counted: The Urban Poor and the Politics of Resettlement in Delhi","authors":"S. Goldstein","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2221596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2221596","url":null,"abstract":"become homeowners. Street marches and assemblies are insurgent mobilization practices while pobladores wait for the right to the city, characterized by demanding homeownership in their neighborhoods of origin without being displaced. At the same time, housing movements engaged on an institutional level by constituting comit es de allegados (state-regulated housing committees) and applying for housing subsidies. Indeed, “the poor engage subversively with state programs, transforming state-regulated assemblies into right-to-the-city organizations” (p. 85). Through his ethnographic work, the author identifies that the pobladores’ identity is an ethical and political matter. By describing the pobladores’ engagement in the housing struggles, the author proposes a shift from the traditional perspective of pobladores as a unified identity based on a class-territory category of the urban poor. Moreover, the author recognizes effort-based narratives where “pobladores operated as an assemblage of political and moral obligations by individuals to the community\" (p. 123), which determines who has the right to have rights within and outside of the organization. Similarly, P erez reflects on how pobladores reformulate their demands by struggling for a life with dignity, not as a matter of “subhuman” living conditions (p. 155), but rather to be recognized as a political and social producer of the space, empowering communities to decide on their own lives. The Right to Dignity is a book that questions planners and housing policymakers on how urban governance and housing programs are established today. P erez’s reflections are an invitation to address the limitations of transforming the urban debate toward a democratized perspective of planning and to grasp an opportunity to involve communities in the city-making process. Indeed, the book contributes to reflecting on the role and recognition of pobladores and housing movements in the actual urban contexts of neoliberal policies, understanding that there is not a romanticization of the action of the social movements but rather a new moment on the social and political characterization of housing activists in Chile. Moreover, the recognition of pobladores as a housing movement that does not rely upon self-building construction but contests for recognition, fighting the policies of displacement and segregation, struggling for the right to stay put. It also contributes to scholarship of the Global South, where housing policies via a subsidy system are expanding; at the same time, social movements are empowering themselves to achieve social recognition. Likewise, the Chilean case can be relevant for those studying the transformation of social movements today, their linkage with the historical and genealogical past, and how it affects the identification and narratives of the movements today. As an ethnographic work, the book provides insight into how the transformations of housing policies and social movements are direc","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41995953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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