Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1177/03616843221140300
Charlotte E. Moser, N. Branscombe
Interpersonal allyship may serve as a justice cue to signal that an environment is fair to women without increasing men's expectations of anti-male bias. We investigated how exposure to justice cues communicated at the interpersonal and organizational level impact men's and women's perceptions of procedural justice and fairness at an organization. Men and women were asked to imagine working at one of three randomly assigned male-dominated workplaces. Women who imagined working with a White man who was a gender-equality ally (Study 1, N = 352, and Study 2, N = 488) perceived the organization as more procedurally just, identified more strongly with the organization, and were less likely to view their gender as a disadvantage compared to women who imagined a workplace with an organizational diversity statement (Study 2 only) or a control workplace with no justice cues. Men did not view the ally nor the diversity statement negatively in either study. Integrative data analysis revealed medium to large effects (Cohen's d range .74–1.30) across dependent measures included in both studies. Our results suggest that interpersonal allyship from men is a practical way to promote women's expectations of fair treatment without increasing the threat of anti-male bias among men. Additional online study materials, as well as online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221140300.
{"title":"Communicating Inclusion: How Men and Women Perceive Interpersonal Versus Organizational Gender Equality Messages","authors":"Charlotte E. Moser, N. Branscombe","doi":"10.1177/03616843221140300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221140300","url":null,"abstract":"Interpersonal allyship may serve as a justice cue to signal that an environment is fair to women without increasing men's expectations of anti-male bias. We investigated how exposure to justice cues communicated at the interpersonal and organizational level impact men's and women's perceptions of procedural justice and fairness at an organization. Men and women were asked to imagine working at one of three randomly assigned male-dominated workplaces. Women who imagined working with a White man who was a gender-equality ally (Study 1, N = 352, and Study 2, N = 488) perceived the organization as more procedurally just, identified more strongly with the organization, and were less likely to view their gender as a disadvantage compared to women who imagined a workplace with an organizational diversity statement (Study 2 only) or a control workplace with no justice cues. Men did not view the ally nor the diversity statement negatively in either study. Integrative data analysis revealed medium to large effects (Cohen's d range .74–1.30) across dependent measures included in both studies. Our results suggest that interpersonal allyship from men is a practical way to promote women's expectations of fair treatment without increasing the threat of anti-male bias among men. Additional online study materials, as well as online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221140300.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49252320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-20DOI: 10.1177/03616843221136869
Michiko Iwasaki, Matthew C. Picchiello, Casie H. Morgan, Amy L. Henninger
In the present qualitative study, we analyzed voices of female sexual assault survivors to enhance the survivor-centered framework. We reviewed over 1,000 comments from a survey asking participants to share experiences following their sexual assault. Participants were 460 female survivors, including 163 reporters (those who reported their sexual assault to police officers) and 297 nonreporters. We identified four core themes (safety, empowerment and choice, collaboration, and explanation of procedures) as desired characteristics for the five key response personnel groups: patrol officers, detectives, sexual assault forensic examiner nurses, State's Attorney's Office staff, and victim advocates. We identified the strengths and weaknesses of each group based on the shared experiences of culturally marginalized and nonmarginalized reporters. A general free-text question answered by participants reflected on the four core themes, but also stressed the need for multiple layers of intervention in responding to sexual assault, as seen in two secondary themes (extra support and systemic change). Nonreporters also stressed barriers to reporting and regrets about not reporting. The power of survivors’ narratives can be used to guide the criminal justice system to uphold a truly survivor-centered approach. The complexities of gender and power inequality between the perpetrators, survivors, and response personnel should also be addressed.
{"title":"Voices of Female Sexual Assault Survivors: Striving for Survivor-Centered Reporting Processes in the U.S. Criminal Justice System","authors":"Michiko Iwasaki, Matthew C. Picchiello, Casie H. Morgan, Amy L. Henninger","doi":"10.1177/03616843221136869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221136869","url":null,"abstract":"In the present qualitative study, we analyzed voices of female sexual assault survivors to enhance the survivor-centered framework. We reviewed over 1,000 comments from a survey asking participants to share experiences following their sexual assault. Participants were 460 female survivors, including 163 reporters (those who reported their sexual assault to police officers) and 297 nonreporters. We identified four core themes (safety, empowerment and choice, collaboration, and explanation of procedures) as desired characteristics for the five key response personnel groups: patrol officers, detectives, sexual assault forensic examiner nurses, State's Attorney's Office staff, and victim advocates. We identified the strengths and weaknesses of each group based on the shared experiences of culturally marginalized and nonmarginalized reporters. A general free-text question answered by participants reflected on the four core themes, but also stressed the need for multiple layers of intervention in responding to sexual assault, as seen in two secondary themes (extra support and systemic change). Nonreporters also stressed barriers to reporting and regrets about not reporting. The power of survivors’ narratives can be used to guide the criminal justice system to uphold a truly survivor-centered approach. The complexities of gender and power inequality between the perpetrators, survivors, and response personnel should also be addressed.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45804346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1177/03616843221136867
Erin Nolen, Taryn A. Myers, Adrienne Kvaka, Sarah K. Murnen
Negative body talk is a normative behavior among United States women and is an important area of intervention for women's health and well-being. Identifying as a feminist and/or endorsing feminist beliefs, which can promote a resistant stance toward cultural appearance standards, may protect against negative body talk. We conducted a mixed-methods study with an online sample of 447 predominantly White (81.1%) United States women between the ages of 18–73 years (M = 41.25, SD = 12.54). We used Consensual Qualitative Research-Modified to systematically code open-ended survey data comprising responses to negative body talk and assessed whether liberal feminist attitudes or feminist identity relate to response categories. We categorized women's responses to negative body talk along with a feminist spectrum which ranged from explicit reinforcement of the thin ideal to a resistant stance toward beauty standards. Liberal feminism was negatively correlated with explicit reinforcement of the thin ideal, and both liberal feminism and feminist identity were positively correlated with a resistant stance. Therapists and practitioners who work with women on issues related to body image disturbance might consider supporting their clients in developing a feminist identity that can critically filter cultural messages that further objectify women.
{"title":"“Your Body Is Not Representative of Who You Are”: Exploring the Relations Between Feminist Attitudes, Feminist Identity, and Responses to Negative Body Talk Among Women","authors":"Erin Nolen, Taryn A. Myers, Adrienne Kvaka, Sarah K. Murnen","doi":"10.1177/03616843221136867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221136867","url":null,"abstract":"Negative body talk is a normative behavior among United States women and is an important area of intervention for women's health and well-being. Identifying as a feminist and/or endorsing feminist beliefs, which can promote a resistant stance toward cultural appearance standards, may protect against negative body talk. We conducted a mixed-methods study with an online sample of 447 predominantly White (81.1%) United States women between the ages of 18–73 years (M = 41.25, SD = 12.54). We used Consensual Qualitative Research-Modified to systematically code open-ended survey data comprising responses to negative body talk and assessed whether liberal feminist attitudes or feminist identity relate to response categories. We categorized women's responses to negative body talk along with a feminist spectrum which ranged from explicit reinforcement of the thin ideal to a resistant stance toward beauty standards. Liberal feminism was negatively correlated with explicit reinforcement of the thin ideal, and both liberal feminism and feminist identity were positively correlated with a resistant stance. Therapists and practitioners who work with women on issues related to body image disturbance might consider supporting their clients in developing a feminist identity that can critically filter cultural messages that further objectify women.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48337136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1177/03616843221136870
Sarah Cehelyk, Alexandra K. Frazer
{"title":"Book Review: The tragedy of heterosexuality","authors":"Sarah Cehelyk, Alexandra K. Frazer","doi":"10.1177/03616843221136870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221136870","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65092107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.1177/03616843221137294
E. Rothblum
It is vital for women to publish their writing for tenure and promotion so that they are no longer underrepresented as senior scholars in academia. Furthermore, it is important that their radical and important ideas are published and not lost to history. For the 2022 Carolyn Wood Sherif Award talk, I focused on five topics: (1) publishing is vital for women in academia; (2) women may not feel entitled to write and publish; (3) women need to learn how to be invited to publish; (4) women may leave academia; and (5) feminist writing is political, radical, and important.
{"title":"Mentoring Women to Publish in Order to Thrive in the Academic Patriarchy","authors":"E. Rothblum","doi":"10.1177/03616843221137294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221137294","url":null,"abstract":"It is vital for women to publish their writing for tenure and promotion so that they are no longer underrepresented as senior scholars in academia. Furthermore, it is important that their radical and important ideas are published and not lost to history. For the 2022 Carolyn Wood Sherif Award talk, I focused on five topics: (1) publishing is vital for women in academia; (2) women may not feel entitled to write and publish; (3) women need to learn how to be invited to publish; (4) women may leave academia; and (5) feminist writing is political, radical, and important.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46853145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.1177/03616843221136871
Alexandria C. Onuoha, C. Mehta
The Tragedy of Heterosexuality is thought-provoking, as author Jane Ward grapples with the harms of heteronormative practices. Despite clear evidence showing happiness and joy among members of the queer community (p. 5), Ward acknowledges the widely accepted narrative that queerness is “non-ideal.” Yet, Ward pushes back and argues that it is those who conform to straight culture that are the ones most harmed by heteronormativity. Although some may deem this claim controversial, Ward is intentional not to blame the individual but rather the collective norms that reinforce heteronormative practice and culture. The text is historical and empirical in nature, clearly identifying data and world events that support each claim. In Chapter 2, Ward introduces and explains the term misogyny paradox. This paradox highlights the entanglement of desire and hatred that boys and men often feel toward girls and women. Across racial, cultural, and ethnic identities, this paradox is largely alive, Ward argues (p. 37). The inverse relationship between desire and masculinity is also described, suggesting that as a boy or man expresses positive emotion, their perceived degree of masculinity declines. Even researchers in the early 20th century acknowledged the disgust that men and women seemed to feel toward one another, sparking the rise of the beautification movement (p. 47). The performative nature of heterosexuality is further addressed in Chapter 3, forcing readers to question the normalcy that has been accepted within straight culture. As Ward states, “... heterosexuality works best when men and women learn to say and do things that they don’t actually want to say or do, for the sake of heterosexualityto express interest, gratitude, and connection, whether they feel like it or not” (p. 87). This chapter, entitled “Pickup Artists,” delves into the art of seduction coaching, which holds a primary aim of teaching men how to better understand, treat, and ultimately increase their chances of having sex with women. Much of this investment is rooted in personal gain and how to increase the quantity and quality of sexual partners. In Chapter 4, Ward argues that heterosexuality is meant to be boring. She further suggests that conformity to heteronormative ways of life is rooted in a fear of pushing against this sense of normalcy. In Chapter 5, she offers solutions and even claims that men might label their sexuality as “feminist” and “not straight” (p. 173). Ultimately, Ward believes heterosexuality can (and must be) rediscovered and reclaimed as opposed to be erased. Rather than shaming any group of people, including heterosexual men, Ward challenges and calls upon readers to consider where the true tragedy lies. This book would be an excellent read for students and faculty of women’s and gender studies, as well as laypeople who are interested in gender and sexuality. Rather than shaming any one group for the development of heteronormative culture, Ward calls different
{"title":"Book Review: Girls’ identities and experiences of oppression in schools: Resilience, resistance, and transformation","authors":"Alexandria C. Onuoha, C. Mehta","doi":"10.1177/03616843221136871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221136871","url":null,"abstract":"The Tragedy of Heterosexuality is thought-provoking, as author Jane Ward grapples with the harms of heteronormative practices. Despite clear evidence showing happiness and joy among members of the queer community (p. 5), Ward acknowledges the widely accepted narrative that queerness is “non-ideal.” Yet, Ward pushes back and argues that it is those who conform to straight culture that are the ones most harmed by heteronormativity. Although some may deem this claim controversial, Ward is intentional not to blame the individual but rather the collective norms that reinforce heteronormative practice and culture. The text is historical and empirical in nature, clearly identifying data and world events that support each claim. In Chapter 2, Ward introduces and explains the term misogyny paradox. This paradox highlights the entanglement of desire and hatred that boys and men often feel toward girls and women. Across racial, cultural, and ethnic identities, this paradox is largely alive, Ward argues (p. 37). The inverse relationship between desire and masculinity is also described, suggesting that as a boy or man expresses positive emotion, their perceived degree of masculinity declines. Even researchers in the early 20th century acknowledged the disgust that men and women seemed to feel toward one another, sparking the rise of the beautification movement (p. 47). The performative nature of heterosexuality is further addressed in Chapter 3, forcing readers to question the normalcy that has been accepted within straight culture. As Ward states, “... heterosexuality works best when men and women learn to say and do things that they don’t actually want to say or do, for the sake of heterosexualityto express interest, gratitude, and connection, whether they feel like it or not” (p. 87). This chapter, entitled “Pickup Artists,” delves into the art of seduction coaching, which holds a primary aim of teaching men how to better understand, treat, and ultimately increase their chances of having sex with women. Much of this investment is rooted in personal gain and how to increase the quantity and quality of sexual partners. In Chapter 4, Ward argues that heterosexuality is meant to be boring. She further suggests that conformity to heteronormative ways of life is rooted in a fear of pushing against this sense of normalcy. In Chapter 5, she offers solutions and even claims that men might label their sexuality as “feminist” and “not straight” (p. 173). Ultimately, Ward believes heterosexuality can (and must be) rediscovered and reclaimed as opposed to be erased. Rather than shaming any group of people, including heterosexual men, Ward challenges and calls upon readers to consider where the true tragedy lies. This book would be an excellent read for students and faculty of women’s and gender studies, as well as laypeople who are interested in gender and sexuality. Rather than shaming any one group for the development of heteronormative culture, Ward calls different ","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49649899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1177/03616843221131544
Majel R. Baker, Leanna J. Papp, Brandon L. Crawford, S. McClelland
Prior to and since the 2022 Dobbs decision, U.S. state laws have endorsed individuals surveilling and punishing those associated with abortion care. This practice presents an urgent need to understand the characteristics of abortion stigma, particularly the perspectives of individuals with stigmatizing beliefs. To examine the concept and characteristics of abortion stigma, we interviewed 55 individuals about whether they thought there should be consequences for getting an abortion and, if so, what the consequences should be. Adults from three states (Michigan, Kansas, and Arizona) were purposively sampled to include a range of abortion identities and levels of religious engagement. We used reflexive thematic analysis to code and interpret the data. Participants imagined consequences including financial penalties, incarceration, and forced sterilization. Three themes highlighted how abortion was described as violating the law, women's gender roles, and religious doctrine; accordingly, abortion was imagined as deserving of negative consequences, although abortion was legal in all states during data collection. We argue that these imagined consequences relied on carceral logics and interconnected sexist, racist, and classist stereotypes that reflect and reproduce abortion stigma. This study deepens the understanding of abortion stigma from the perspective of the stigmatizer, underscoring the danger of legislation grounded in stigmatizing beliefs. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221131544.
{"title":"Abortion Stigma: Imagined Consequences for People Seeking Abortion Care in the United States","authors":"Majel R. Baker, Leanna J. Papp, Brandon L. Crawford, S. McClelland","doi":"10.1177/03616843221131544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221131544","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to and since the 2022 Dobbs decision, U.S. state laws have endorsed individuals surveilling and punishing those associated with abortion care. This practice presents an urgent need to understand the characteristics of abortion stigma, particularly the perspectives of individuals with stigmatizing beliefs. To examine the concept and characteristics of abortion stigma, we interviewed 55 individuals about whether they thought there should be consequences for getting an abortion and, if so, what the consequences should be. Adults from three states (Michigan, Kansas, and Arizona) were purposively sampled to include a range of abortion identities and levels of religious engagement. We used reflexive thematic analysis to code and interpret the data. Participants imagined consequences including financial penalties, incarceration, and forced sterilization. Three themes highlighted how abortion was described as violating the law, women's gender roles, and religious doctrine; accordingly, abortion was imagined as deserving of negative consequences, although abortion was legal in all states during data collection. We argue that these imagined consequences relied on carceral logics and interconnected sexist, racist, and classist stereotypes that reflect and reproduce abortion stigma. This study deepens the understanding of abortion stigma from the perspective of the stigmatizer, underscoring the danger of legislation grounded in stigmatizing beliefs. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221131544.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43796735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1177/03616843221111533
Sandra I. Cheldelin
Women Physician Pioneers of the 1960s is a lively read grounded by an extraordinary longitudinal study of women over five decades. Fifty-eight women began their careers in medicine during the turbulent years of 1964 to 1967 at the University of California in San Francisco. Lillian Cartwright, PhD, followed their lives from early career to midlife, collecting data in the mid-60s, 1975, and again in 1990. Susan Detweiler, MD, was a member of the 1967 entering cohort and an on-going participant in the research project. Twenty-five years later, Detweiler and Cartwright decided to continue the original study. They surveyed as many women of the original group of 58 they could locate, administered similar psychological tests, and conducted in-depth video interviews of 12 of the 15 women still available in Detweiler’s 1967 cohort. The book consists of three parts. Part I sets the context with a brief introduction to Cartwright’s 25-year longitudinal research design, witnesses Detweiler’s early interest in medicine, and presents the life of medical student cohorts in the 1960s. Typical of the national averages in those years, there were only 15 women in Detweiler’s class of 135 total (8%). Most of the women’s stories are in Part II. Each of five chapters begins with a particular theme with a few illustrating cases. For example, some women’s careers were deeply shaped by their families’ histories—dislocation experiences of WWII’s Nazi Germany and Eastern Europe. In the United States, three women’s families were victims of the Japanese Internment; one woman was born in a camp. Of the 58, eight became academics. Others had traditional linear careers: early training in a particular specialty followed by a career in that specialty through retirement. In contrast, several women’s careers evolved over time. One divided her professional life in half: the first 25 years she practiced traditional Pediatric Oncology; the remaining years she provided nontraditional Pediatric Counseling including guided imagery, hypnosis, and uncovering past-life regressions. Cartwright’s research is elaborated in greater detail in Part III. By 1990, 53 of 57 surviving women completed a battery of tests and 49 met with her individually for in-depth interviews. Several patterns had emerged by midlife. Eighty-three percent were mothers. Fifteen of the mothers had children encountering significant events and challenges (e.g., tragic auto accident, suicide, and complicated cerebral palsy). Seven of the women appeared to have extraordinary happiness in their personal and professional lives. The book concludes with their research analysis. Ten years into their careers, 88% reported high career satisfaction, dropping to 76% at mid-career, and then boasted 94% at 50 years. They identify other demographics regarding retirement, perceived changes in medicine, and the overwhelming positive satisfaction with their adult lives. The book follows a collection of smart, talented, creative, and resili
{"title":"Book Review: Women Physician Pioneers of the 1960s: Their Lives and Profession Over a Half Century","authors":"Sandra I. Cheldelin","doi":"10.1177/03616843221111533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221111533","url":null,"abstract":"Women Physician Pioneers of the 1960s is a lively read grounded by an extraordinary longitudinal study of women over five decades. Fifty-eight women began their careers in medicine during the turbulent years of 1964 to 1967 at the University of California in San Francisco. Lillian Cartwright, PhD, followed their lives from early career to midlife, collecting data in the mid-60s, 1975, and again in 1990. Susan Detweiler, MD, was a member of the 1967 entering cohort and an on-going participant in the research project. Twenty-five years later, Detweiler and Cartwright decided to continue the original study. They surveyed as many women of the original group of 58 they could locate, administered similar psychological tests, and conducted in-depth video interviews of 12 of the 15 women still available in Detweiler’s 1967 cohort. The book consists of three parts. Part I sets the context with a brief introduction to Cartwright’s 25-year longitudinal research design, witnesses Detweiler’s early interest in medicine, and presents the life of medical student cohorts in the 1960s. Typical of the national averages in those years, there were only 15 women in Detweiler’s class of 135 total (8%). Most of the women’s stories are in Part II. Each of five chapters begins with a particular theme with a few illustrating cases. For example, some women’s careers were deeply shaped by their families’ histories—dislocation experiences of WWII’s Nazi Germany and Eastern Europe. In the United States, three women’s families were victims of the Japanese Internment; one woman was born in a camp. Of the 58, eight became academics. Others had traditional linear careers: early training in a particular specialty followed by a career in that specialty through retirement. In contrast, several women’s careers evolved over time. One divided her professional life in half: the first 25 years she practiced traditional Pediatric Oncology; the remaining years she provided nontraditional Pediatric Counseling including guided imagery, hypnosis, and uncovering past-life regressions. Cartwright’s research is elaborated in greater detail in Part III. By 1990, 53 of 57 surviving women completed a battery of tests and 49 met with her individually for in-depth interviews. Several patterns had emerged by midlife. Eighty-three percent were mothers. Fifteen of the mothers had children encountering significant events and challenges (e.g., tragic auto accident, suicide, and complicated cerebral palsy). Seven of the women appeared to have extraordinary happiness in their personal and professional lives. The book concludes with their research analysis. Ten years into their careers, 88% reported high career satisfaction, dropping to 76% at mid-career, and then boasted 94% at 50 years. They identify other demographics regarding retirement, perceived changes in medicine, and the overwhelming positive satisfaction with their adult lives. The book follows a collection of smart, talented, creative, and resili","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42208907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1177/03616843221128484
Melanie Lietz, J. Mazei, Marc Mertes, J. Hüffmeier
Women perceive specific strategies developed to support their performance in compensation negotiations as ineffective and are unlikely to use them—suggesting an implementation gap. We examined whether providing theoretical rationales—explaining how specific strategies are meant to work—attenuates this gap. Furthermore, we explored a novel cause of it: women's expectations regarding the perpetuation of gender roles upon using a strategy. In two studies (N = 1,254), we observed that regardless of the provision of the rationales, women expected all examined specific strategies to be less economically effective and most of them to perpetuate gender roles more than regular assertiveness. Moreover, especially women's expectations regarding economic outcomes decreased their intentions to use most specific strategies. Women also expected most specific strategies to lead to less favorable social evaluations than yielding, which again led to their lower intentions to use them. Altogether, negotiation trainers and educators should consider that explaining how specific strategies are meant to work is not enough to close the implementation gap and to reduce gender inequality in negotiations. To attenuate the implementation gap, they may need to enable women to more fully experience how using specific strategies can improve their negotiation performance. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221128484.
{"title":"Are Strategies for Women in Compensation Negotiations More Appealing When It Is Explained How They Are Meant to Impact Negotiation Outcomes?","authors":"Melanie Lietz, J. Mazei, Marc Mertes, J. Hüffmeier","doi":"10.1177/03616843221128484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221128484","url":null,"abstract":"Women perceive specific strategies developed to support their performance in compensation negotiations as ineffective and are unlikely to use them—suggesting an implementation gap. We examined whether providing theoretical rationales—explaining how specific strategies are meant to work—attenuates this gap. Furthermore, we explored a novel cause of it: women's expectations regarding the perpetuation of gender roles upon using a strategy. In two studies (N = 1,254), we observed that regardless of the provision of the rationales, women expected all examined specific strategies to be less economically effective and most of them to perpetuate gender roles more than regular assertiveness. Moreover, especially women's expectations regarding economic outcomes decreased their intentions to use most specific strategies. Women also expected most specific strategies to lead to less favorable social evaluations than yielding, which again led to their lower intentions to use them. Altogether, negotiation trainers and educators should consider that explaining how specific strategies are meant to work is not enough to close the implementation gap and to reduce gender inequality in negotiations. To attenuate the implementation gap, they may need to enable women to more fully experience how using specific strategies can improve their negotiation performance. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221128484.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49503142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.1177/03616843221131546
R. Campbell, Rachael Goodman-Williams, McKenzie Javorka, Jasmine Engleton, Katie Gregory
The open science movement has framed data sharing as necessary and achievable best practices for high-quality science. Feminist psychologists have complicated that narrative by questioning the purpose of data sharing across different paradigms, methodologies, and research populations. In these debates, the academic community has centered the needs and voices of researchers, and participants’ perspectives are largely missing from this literature. In this study, we sought to understand how research participants feel about sharing qualitative data on a sensitive subject—sexual victimization. As part of a participatory action research project, we conducted qualitative interviews with sexual assault survivors about their post-assault help-seeking experiences. The federal funding agency that supported this project requires researchers to archive de-identified data in a national data repository (the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data [NACJD]). All participants consented to archiving data, and the vast majority expressed positive views about data sharing because they wanted to help other survivors. Participants emphasized that our participatory action research approach and our stated goal of helping survivors were important considerations in their decisions regarding data sharing. Researchers should obtain informed consent from their participants for data sharing/archiving, and discuss their dissemination plans during the informed consent process.
{"title":"Understanding Sexual Assault Survivors’ Perspectives on Archiving Qualitative Data: Implications for Feminist Approaches to Open Science","authors":"R. Campbell, Rachael Goodman-Williams, McKenzie Javorka, Jasmine Engleton, Katie Gregory","doi":"10.1177/03616843221131546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221131546","url":null,"abstract":"The open science movement has framed data sharing as necessary and achievable best practices for high-quality science. Feminist psychologists have complicated that narrative by questioning the purpose of data sharing across different paradigms, methodologies, and research populations. In these debates, the academic community has centered the needs and voices of researchers, and participants’ perspectives are largely missing from this literature. In this study, we sought to understand how research participants feel about sharing qualitative data on a sensitive subject—sexual victimization. As part of a participatory action research project, we conducted qualitative interviews with sexual assault survivors about their post-assault help-seeking experiences. The federal funding agency that supported this project requires researchers to archive de-identified data in a national data repository (the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data [NACJD]). All participants consented to archiving data, and the vast majority expressed positive views about data sharing because they wanted to help other survivors. Participants emphasized that our participatory action research approach and our stated goal of helping survivors were important considerations in their decisions regarding data sharing. Researchers should obtain informed consent from their participants for data sharing/archiving, and discuss their dissemination plans during the informed consent process.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42022957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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