Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1177/03616843231153390
Allison M. French, N. Else-Quest, Michael W. Asher, Dustin B. Thoman, Jessi L. Smith, J. Hyde, J. Harackiewicz
The underrepresentation of women and Black, Latinx, and Native Americans within the United States scientific workforce is a persistent and multifaceted problem warranting an intersectional approach. Applying intersectionality to the expectancy-value theory of motivation, we examined initial motivation and subsequent achievement among a sample of undergraduate students (N = 687) enrolled in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) gateway course of introductory chemistry at a diverse 4-year university. We found no racial/ethnic group differences in initial motivation, but small (d = .30) group differences in achievement. Results revealed a pattern of gender differences across both underrepresented (i.e., Black, Latinx, and Native American) and well-represented (i.e., White, Asian American) racial/ethnic groups such that, relative to men, women began the class with lower levels of confidence about their performance, but greater utility value and attainment value in learning chemistry. Consistent with expectancy-value theory, motivation at the beginning of the semester positively predicted final exam scores across gender and racial/ethnic intersectional groups. For Black, Latinx, and Native American students, attainment value was an especially strong predictor of subsequent achievement. Our findings point to the need to cultivate social contexts within undergraduate STEM education that promotes all aspects of science motivation among students from underrepresented groups. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843231153390.
{"title":"An Intersectional Application of Expectancy-Value Theory in an Undergraduate Chemistry Course","authors":"Allison M. French, N. Else-Quest, Michael W. Asher, Dustin B. Thoman, Jessi L. Smith, J. Hyde, J. Harackiewicz","doi":"10.1177/03616843231153390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843231153390","url":null,"abstract":"The underrepresentation of women and Black, Latinx, and Native Americans within the United States scientific workforce is a persistent and multifaceted problem warranting an intersectional approach. Applying intersectionality to the expectancy-value theory of motivation, we examined initial motivation and subsequent achievement among a sample of undergraduate students (N = 687) enrolled in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) gateway course of introductory chemistry at a diverse 4-year university. We found no racial/ethnic group differences in initial motivation, but small (d = .30) group differences in achievement. Results revealed a pattern of gender differences across both underrepresented (i.e., Black, Latinx, and Native American) and well-represented (i.e., White, Asian American) racial/ethnic groups such that, relative to men, women began the class with lower levels of confidence about their performance, but greater utility value and attainment value in learning chemistry. Consistent with expectancy-value theory, motivation at the beginning of the semester positively predicted final exam scores across gender and racial/ethnic intersectional groups. For Black, Latinx, and Native American students, attainment value was an especially strong predictor of subsequent achievement. Our findings point to the need to cultivate social contexts within undergraduate STEM education that promotes all aspects of science motivation among students from underrepresented groups. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843231153390.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":"47 1","pages":"299 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46344657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-16DOI: 10.1177/03616843231158359
S. Salzberg
IntraConnected is an inspiring guidebook that supports readers in waking up from separation and isolation and invites them to a broader sense of belonging and connection. In the book, Dan Siegel identifies the pandemic of separation that modern Western society is experiencing and walks the reader through the causes of such separation and how we can move towards a more integrative way of living together here on earth. Using a wide variety of perspectives from modern science to Indigenous wisdom, this book is for anyone who feels the call to reduce polarization and hyperindividualism and explore the possibilities of our intrinsic connection allowing us to move forward in a united way. Siegel begins by defining what it means to be IntraConnected. While interconnection is when one feels connected to something else, Siegel shares that IntraConnection is “a connectedness within a whole – a sense of wholeness experienced from within” (p. 23). He proposes that currently many of us experience our “sense of self” as our body, a separate entity, and that this small sense of self has created a feeling of disconnection. Siegel suggests that integration, which honors each individual’s differences and cultivates linkages to our whole system, is a path to broadening our sense of self and thus feeling more connected to one another. Siegel clearly explains how our brains have two different modes or ways of being. He states that when the left mode is activated, we can perceive in an independent, linear, and narrower way making us feel like a solid, noun-like being. When the right mode is firing, a wider, interdependent, open perspective is present allowing us to experience ourselves as an unfolding, verb-like experience. Sharing the wisdom of Indigenous cultures from around the globe, Siegel echoes the need for wider awareness and its necessity in creating an “integrated identity” which he refers to as MWe, (Me +We) meaning the individual self + the relational self, creating a withinness to all of life. From conception to adulthood, each section of the book explores a stage of development revealing how we can attune to our IntraConnectedness. Siegel breaks down how freedom and uncertainty are correlated, how our early attachment styles inform our perceptions of reality, and how we as humans absorb new perspectives and learn. He emphasizes the cultivation of compassion, curiosity, and collaboration offering mnemonics and practical awareness tools. A beautiful point Siegel makes is that biodiversity is essential to creating adaptation and possibilities for the whole system, and therefore we shouldn’t learn to tolerate our differences but fully embrace them. Magnifying a diverse group of voices from climate activists to meditation teachers to quantum physicists, IntraConnected is a mind-expanding, approachable book on how to access a wider identity and a more integrated life. With a tone of humility and hopefulness, Siegel provides personal anecdotes, expertise, and a
{"title":"Book Review: IntraConnected: MWe (Me + We) as the integration of self, identity, and belonging","authors":"S. Salzberg","doi":"10.1177/03616843231158359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843231158359","url":null,"abstract":"IntraConnected is an inspiring guidebook that supports readers in waking up from separation and isolation and invites them to a broader sense of belonging and connection. In the book, Dan Siegel identifies the pandemic of separation that modern Western society is experiencing and walks the reader through the causes of such separation and how we can move towards a more integrative way of living together here on earth. Using a wide variety of perspectives from modern science to Indigenous wisdom, this book is for anyone who feels the call to reduce polarization and hyperindividualism and explore the possibilities of our intrinsic connection allowing us to move forward in a united way. Siegel begins by defining what it means to be IntraConnected. While interconnection is when one feels connected to something else, Siegel shares that IntraConnection is “a connectedness within a whole – a sense of wholeness experienced from within” (p. 23). He proposes that currently many of us experience our “sense of self” as our body, a separate entity, and that this small sense of self has created a feeling of disconnection. Siegel suggests that integration, which honors each individual’s differences and cultivates linkages to our whole system, is a path to broadening our sense of self and thus feeling more connected to one another. Siegel clearly explains how our brains have two different modes or ways of being. He states that when the left mode is activated, we can perceive in an independent, linear, and narrower way making us feel like a solid, noun-like being. When the right mode is firing, a wider, interdependent, open perspective is present allowing us to experience ourselves as an unfolding, verb-like experience. Sharing the wisdom of Indigenous cultures from around the globe, Siegel echoes the need for wider awareness and its necessity in creating an “integrated identity” which he refers to as MWe, (Me +We) meaning the individual self + the relational self, creating a withinness to all of life. From conception to adulthood, each section of the book explores a stage of development revealing how we can attune to our IntraConnectedness. Siegel breaks down how freedom and uncertainty are correlated, how our early attachment styles inform our perceptions of reality, and how we as humans absorb new perspectives and learn. He emphasizes the cultivation of compassion, curiosity, and collaboration offering mnemonics and practical awareness tools. A beautiful point Siegel makes is that biodiversity is essential to creating adaptation and possibilities for the whole system, and therefore we shouldn’t learn to tolerate our differences but fully embrace them. Magnifying a diverse group of voices from climate activists to meditation teachers to quantum physicists, IntraConnected is a mind-expanding, approachable book on how to access a wider identity and a more integrated life. With a tone of humility and hopefulness, Siegel provides personal anecdotes, expertise, and a","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":"47 1","pages":"285 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45813220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-06DOI: 10.1177/03616843231154563
L. Margolin
{"title":"Book Review: Diagnosing desire: Biopolitics and femininity into the twenty-first century","authors":"L. Margolin","doi":"10.1177/03616843231154563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843231154563","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":"47 1","pages":"284 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44579248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.1177/03616843231154557
D. Mollen, O. Akintan
In their groundbreaking work, Vaughn and Burnes have developed a vital, compelling guide for psychologists and other mental health practitioners to pursue competent, culturally informed treatment for clients in consensually nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships. Organized into three sections—Foundations, Within-Group Differences, and Specific Applications and Contexts—and encompassing 15 chapters written by skilled scholars and clinicians, the book is replete with accessible language, essential vocabulary, pertinent case examples, and applicable clinical information. We appreciated and applaud the editors’ and authors’ commitment to cultural humility and intersectionality throughout the book, including acknowledging that most research with CNM people problematically overrepresents White, middle-class, nondisabled, and cisgender individuals. There is a rich breadth of information throughout the chapters, with particularly sustained focus on emotion, minority stress theory, attachment theory, and stigma impacting people engaged in CNM relationships, predominantly polyamory, although there are occasional mentions of swinging and relationship anarchy. There is also critical discussion about the role colonialism and settler sexuality has served in creating and perpetuating mononormativity and heteronormativity. We also found the inclusion of chapters on creating CNM-affirming graduate training programs and agencies particular strengths, especially with their accompanying appendices with suggestions for best practices, websites, social media groups, and professional organizations. The editors allotted chapters focused on CNM in diverse communities, including family and children, disabled people, LGBQ folks, and those marginalized by class. There was likewise important consideration given to clinicians who identify as CNM. In several chapters where there is particular attention paid to the lack of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) representation in the literature on CNM individuals, we had hoped to see further exploration on the factors that influence this gap in the research. Parents and family members are primary agents of sexual socialization, and for people of color, these attitudes and values are ingrained in sexual messages that could make BIPOC less willing to participate in sexuality-based research (Leath et al., 2020). The authors emphasized the tokenism and exclusion of BIPOC individuals within CNM spaces and posited guidelines for clinicians that necessitated a need for cultural humility in practice. Although the editors noted the tendency for CNM to be depicted as being practiced among privileged people, case examples were rich in representing racially, gender, and sexually diverse CNM people In their last chapter, largely as an acknowledgment of the limitations in the book, the editors include some discussion about gender. We were surprised, however, not to have found more consistent attention to issues of gender as intrinsically f
{"title":"Book Review: The handbook of consensual non-monogamy: Affirming mental health practice","authors":"D. Mollen, O. Akintan","doi":"10.1177/03616843231154557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843231154557","url":null,"abstract":"In their groundbreaking work, Vaughn and Burnes have developed a vital, compelling guide for psychologists and other mental health practitioners to pursue competent, culturally informed treatment for clients in consensually nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships. Organized into three sections—Foundations, Within-Group Differences, and Specific Applications and Contexts—and encompassing 15 chapters written by skilled scholars and clinicians, the book is replete with accessible language, essential vocabulary, pertinent case examples, and applicable clinical information. We appreciated and applaud the editors’ and authors’ commitment to cultural humility and intersectionality throughout the book, including acknowledging that most research with CNM people problematically overrepresents White, middle-class, nondisabled, and cisgender individuals. There is a rich breadth of information throughout the chapters, with particularly sustained focus on emotion, minority stress theory, attachment theory, and stigma impacting people engaged in CNM relationships, predominantly polyamory, although there are occasional mentions of swinging and relationship anarchy. There is also critical discussion about the role colonialism and settler sexuality has served in creating and perpetuating mononormativity and heteronormativity. We also found the inclusion of chapters on creating CNM-affirming graduate training programs and agencies particular strengths, especially with their accompanying appendices with suggestions for best practices, websites, social media groups, and professional organizations. The editors allotted chapters focused on CNM in diverse communities, including family and children, disabled people, LGBQ folks, and those marginalized by class. There was likewise important consideration given to clinicians who identify as CNM. In several chapters where there is particular attention paid to the lack of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) representation in the literature on CNM individuals, we had hoped to see further exploration on the factors that influence this gap in the research. Parents and family members are primary agents of sexual socialization, and for people of color, these attitudes and values are ingrained in sexual messages that could make BIPOC less willing to participate in sexuality-based research (Leath et al., 2020). The authors emphasized the tokenism and exclusion of BIPOC individuals within CNM spaces and posited guidelines for clinicians that necessitated a need for cultural humility in practice. Although the editors noted the tendency for CNM to be depicted as being practiced among privileged people, case examples were rich in representing racially, gender, and sexually diverse CNM people In their last chapter, largely as an acknowledgment of the limitations in the book, the editors include some discussion about gender. We were surprised, however, not to have found more consistent attention to issues of gender as intrinsically f","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":"47 1","pages":"283 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42221513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.1177/03616843231152924
Majel R. Baker, Leanna J. Papp, Brandon L. Crawford, S. McClelland
Prior to and since the 2022 Dobbs decision, U.S. state laws have endorsed individuals surveilling and punishing those associated with abortion care. This practice presents an urgent need to understand the characteristics of abortion stigma, particularly the perspectives of individuals with stigmatizing beliefs. To examine the concept and characteristics of abortion stigma, we interviewed 55 individuals about whether they thought there should be consequences for getting an abortion and, if so, what the consequences should be. Adults from three states (Michigan, Kansas, and Arizona) were purposively sampled to include a range of abortion identities and levels of religious engage-ment. We used re fl exive thematic analysis to code and interpret the data. Participants imagined consequences including fi nancial penalties, incarceration, and forced ster-ilization. Three themes highlighted how abortion was described as violating the law, women ’ s gender roles, and religious doctrine; accordingly, abortion was imagined as deserving of negative consequences, although abortion was legal in all states during data collection. We argue that these imagined consequences relied on carceral logics and interconnected sexist, racist, and classist stereo-types that re fl ect and reproduce abortion stigma. This study deepens the understanding of abortion stigma from the per-spective of the stigmatizer, underscoring the danger of legislation grounded in stigmatizing beliefs. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ ’ s website at http://journals.sagepub. com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221131544.
{"title":"Practitioner’s Digest","authors":"Majel R. Baker, Leanna J. Papp, Brandon L. Crawford, S. McClelland","doi":"10.1177/03616843231152924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843231152924","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to and since the 2022 Dobbs decision, U.S. state laws have endorsed individuals surveilling and punishing those associated with abortion care. This practice presents an urgent need to understand the characteristics of abortion stigma, particularly the perspectives of individuals with stigmatizing beliefs. To examine the concept and characteristics of abortion stigma, we interviewed 55 individuals about whether they thought there should be consequences for getting an abortion and, if so, what the consequences should be. Adults from three states (Michigan, Kansas, and Arizona) were purposively sampled to include a range of abortion identities and levels of religious engage-ment. We used re fl exive thematic analysis to code and interpret the data. Participants imagined consequences including fi nancial penalties, incarceration, and forced ster-ilization. Three themes highlighted how abortion was described as violating the law, women ’ s gender roles, and religious doctrine; accordingly, abortion was imagined as deserving of negative consequences, although abortion was legal in all states during data collection. We argue that these imagined consequences relied on carceral logics and interconnected sexist, racist, and classist stereo-types that re fl ect and reproduce abortion stigma. This study deepens the understanding of abortion stigma from the per-spective of the stigmatizer, underscoring the danger of legislation grounded in stigmatizing beliefs. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ ’ s website at http://journals.sagepub. com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221131544.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":"47 1","pages":"NP1 - NP4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45422354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.1177/03616843221143752
A. T. Moody, Jioni A. Lewis, Gina P. Owens
The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between gendered racism, coping strategies, the Strong Black Woman (SBW) schema, womanist attitudes, and traumatic stress symptoms among Black women. Specifically, this study utilized an intersectionality framework to test the link between gendered racism and traumatic stress as mediated by coping strategies (detachment, internalization, drug/alcohol use, education/advocacy, and resistance), and moderated by two aspects of Black women’s identity (SBW schema and womanist attitudes). Participants were 185 Black women from across the United States who completed an online survey. Results from a mediation analysis indicated that disengagement coping (detachment and drug/alcohol use) significantly mediated the gendered racism-traumatic stress link. In addition, the SBW schema moderated the gendered racism-detachment coping link, such that this association was stronger at high levels of SBW schema. Results from the moderated mediation analyses were not significant, though SBW schema was associated with greater disengagement coping (internalization and detachment) and womanist attitudes was associated with greater engagement coping (education/advocacy and resistance). These findings highlight the importance of understanding how Black women cope with gendered racism as well as internalized beliefs that may be beneficial or harmful.
{"title":"Gendered Racism, Coping, and Traumatic Stress Among Black Women: The Moderating Roles of the Strong Black Woman Schema and Womanist Attitudes","authors":"A. T. Moody, Jioni A. Lewis, Gina P. Owens","doi":"10.1177/03616843221143752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221143752","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between gendered racism, coping strategies, the Strong Black Woman (SBW) schema, womanist attitudes, and traumatic stress symptoms among Black women. Specifically, this study utilized an intersectionality framework to test the link between gendered racism and traumatic stress as mediated by coping strategies (detachment, internalization, drug/alcohol use, education/advocacy, and resistance), and moderated by two aspects of Black women’s identity (SBW schema and womanist attitudes). Participants were 185 Black women from across the United States who completed an online survey. Results from a mediation analysis indicated that disengagement coping (detachment and drug/alcohol use) significantly mediated the gendered racism-traumatic stress link. In addition, the SBW schema moderated the gendered racism-detachment coping link, such that this association was stronger at high levels of SBW schema. Results from the moderated mediation analyses were not significant, though SBW schema was associated with greater disengagement coping (internalization and detachment) and womanist attitudes was associated with greater engagement coping (education/advocacy and resistance). These findings highlight the importance of understanding how Black women cope with gendered racism as well as internalized beliefs that may be beneficial or harmful.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":"47 1","pages":"197 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65092229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.1177/03616843221145877
F. Teng, Xijing Wang, Yi’an Li, Yue Zhang, Qiao Lei
Hostile sexism is a blatant and explicit form of sexism consisting of antagonistic attitudes toward women. We hypothesized that men's personal relative deprivation, a subjectively perceived disadvantage, would predict their hostile sexism toward women. In addition, we expected that, if this effect occurs, a sense of control would act as a mediator. Five studies (N = 1352) confirmed these hypotheses. Study 1 showed that personal relative deprivation predicted hostile sexism only for men, but not for women among Chinese college students. In addition, we observed the effect of personal relative deprivation only on hostile sexism, but not on benevolent sexism. Study 2, which employed participants from the United States, directly replicated the findings of Study 1. Studies 3 and 4 further showed that a sense of control acted as a mediator in this process. As such, increased hostile sexism attitude (Study 3) and hostile sexism behavior (Study 4) predicted by personal relative deprivation could result from a reduced sense of control. Study 5 further provided causal evidence that a temporarily induced state of personal relative deprivation resulted in a higher level of hostile sexism via a reduced sense of control. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for relative deprivation, gender inequality, and interventions.
{"title":"Personal Relative Deprivation Increases Men's (but Not Women's) Hostile Sexism: The Mediating Role of Sense of Control","authors":"F. Teng, Xijing Wang, Yi’an Li, Yue Zhang, Qiao Lei","doi":"10.1177/03616843221145877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221145877","url":null,"abstract":"Hostile sexism is a blatant and explicit form of sexism consisting of antagonistic attitudes toward women. We hypothesized that men's personal relative deprivation, a subjectively perceived disadvantage, would predict their hostile sexism toward women. In addition, we expected that, if this effect occurs, a sense of control would act as a mediator. Five studies (N = 1352) confirmed these hypotheses. Study 1 showed that personal relative deprivation predicted hostile sexism only for men, but not for women among Chinese college students. In addition, we observed the effect of personal relative deprivation only on hostile sexism, but not on benevolent sexism. Study 2, which employed participants from the United States, directly replicated the findings of Study 1. Studies 3 and 4 further showed that a sense of control acted as a mediator in this process. As such, increased hostile sexism attitude (Study 3) and hostile sexism behavior (Study 4) predicted by personal relative deprivation could result from a reduced sense of control. Study 5 further provided causal evidence that a temporarily induced state of personal relative deprivation resulted in a higher level of hostile sexism via a reduced sense of control. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for relative deprivation, gender inequality, and interventions.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":"47 1","pages":"231 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45001023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.1177/03616843221143751
Shilei Chen, Wijnand A. P. van Tilburg, Patrick J. Leman
In four studies, we tested whether higher trait self-objectification was associated with more strategic and less authentic self-presentation on social media among cisgender women, and whether these links could be attributed to heightened approval motivation among those having higher levels of self-objectification. Study 1 (N = 167, Mage = 27.05) and Study 2 (N = 149, Mage = 29.87), using self-reported measures, found that self-objectification was positively associated with strategic self-presentation on Tinder and Facebook. Study 3 (N = 202, Mage = 28.07) replicated and extended the first two studies, using self-reported behavioral indicators of strategic self-presentation. The first three studies were conducted on Prolific with a nationwide sample of female participants. Study 4 (Mage = 21.87) was a real-time behavioral study conducted on Zoom with 102 female U.K. university students using a tool by which actual photo editing was measured. The results confirmed a positive association between trait self-objectification and strategic self-presentation. Mediation analyses suggest that this relation may be attributed to a heightened approval motivation among those who self-objectify. Social media users and policy makers should be made aware of the potential downstream consequences associated with the frequent use of social media self-presentational techniques discussed in this research.
{"title":"Women's Self-Objectification and Strategic Self-Presentation on Social Media","authors":"Shilei Chen, Wijnand A. P. van Tilburg, Patrick J. Leman","doi":"10.1177/03616843221143751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221143751","url":null,"abstract":"In four studies, we tested whether higher trait self-objectification was associated with more strategic and less authentic self-presentation on social media among cisgender women, and whether these links could be attributed to heightened approval motivation among those having higher levels of self-objectification. Study 1 (N = 167, Mage = 27.05) and Study 2 (N = 149, Mage = 29.87), using self-reported measures, found that self-objectification was positively associated with strategic self-presentation on Tinder and Facebook. Study 3 (N = 202, Mage = 28.07) replicated and extended the first two studies, using self-reported behavioral indicators of strategic self-presentation. The first three studies were conducted on Prolific with a nationwide sample of female participants. Study 4 (Mage = 21.87) was a real-time behavioral study conducted on Zoom with 102 female U.K. university students using a tool by which actual photo editing was measured. The results confirmed a positive association between trait self-objectification and strategic self-presentation. Mediation analyses suggest that this relation may be attributed to a heightened approval motivation among those who self-objectify. Social media users and policy makers should be made aware of the potential downstream consequences associated with the frequent use of social media self-presentational techniques discussed in this research.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":"47 1","pages":"266 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49296682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1177/03616843221140300
Charlotte E. Moser, N. Branscombe
Interpersonal allyship may serve as a justice cue to signal that an environment is fair to women without increasing men's expectations of anti-male bias. We investigated how exposure to justice cues communicated at the interpersonal and organizational level impact men's and women's perceptions of procedural justice and fairness at an organization. Men and women were asked to imagine working at one of three randomly assigned male-dominated workplaces. Women who imagined working with a White man who was a gender-equality ally (Study 1, N = 352, and Study 2, N = 488) perceived the organization as more procedurally just, identified more strongly with the organization, and were less likely to view their gender as a disadvantage compared to women who imagined a workplace with an organizational diversity statement (Study 2 only) or a control workplace with no justice cues. Men did not view the ally nor the diversity statement negatively in either study. Integrative data analysis revealed medium to large effects (Cohen's d range .74–1.30) across dependent measures included in both studies. Our results suggest that interpersonal allyship from men is a practical way to promote women's expectations of fair treatment without increasing the threat of anti-male bias among men. Additional online study materials, as well as online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221140300.
{"title":"Communicating Inclusion: How Men and Women Perceive Interpersonal Versus Organizational Gender Equality Messages","authors":"Charlotte E. Moser, N. Branscombe","doi":"10.1177/03616843221140300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221140300","url":null,"abstract":"Interpersonal allyship may serve as a justice cue to signal that an environment is fair to women without increasing men's expectations of anti-male bias. We investigated how exposure to justice cues communicated at the interpersonal and organizational level impact men's and women's perceptions of procedural justice and fairness at an organization. Men and women were asked to imagine working at one of three randomly assigned male-dominated workplaces. Women who imagined working with a White man who was a gender-equality ally (Study 1, N = 352, and Study 2, N = 488) perceived the organization as more procedurally just, identified more strongly with the organization, and were less likely to view their gender as a disadvantage compared to women who imagined a workplace with an organizational diversity statement (Study 2 only) or a control workplace with no justice cues. Men did not view the ally nor the diversity statement negatively in either study. Integrative data analysis revealed medium to large effects (Cohen's d range .74–1.30) across dependent measures included in both studies. Our results suggest that interpersonal allyship from men is a practical way to promote women's expectations of fair treatment without increasing the threat of anti-male bias among men. Additional online study materials, as well as online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221140300.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":"47 1","pages":"250 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49252320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-20DOI: 10.1177/03616843221136869
Michiko Iwasaki, Matthew C. Picchiello, Casie H. Morgan, Amy L. Henninger
In the present qualitative study, we analyzed voices of female sexual assault survivors to enhance the survivor-centered framework. We reviewed over 1,000 comments from a survey asking participants to share experiences following their sexual assault. Participants were 460 female survivors, including 163 reporters (those who reported their sexual assault to police officers) and 297 nonreporters. We identified four core themes (safety, empowerment and choice, collaboration, and explanation of procedures) as desired characteristics for the five key response personnel groups: patrol officers, detectives, sexual assault forensic examiner nurses, State's Attorney's Office staff, and victim advocates. We identified the strengths and weaknesses of each group based on the shared experiences of culturally marginalized and nonmarginalized reporters. A general free-text question answered by participants reflected on the four core themes, but also stressed the need for multiple layers of intervention in responding to sexual assault, as seen in two secondary themes (extra support and systemic change). Nonreporters also stressed barriers to reporting and regrets about not reporting. The power of survivors’ narratives can be used to guide the criminal justice system to uphold a truly survivor-centered approach. The complexities of gender and power inequality between the perpetrators, survivors, and response personnel should also be addressed.
{"title":"Voices of Female Sexual Assault Survivors: Striving for Survivor-Centered Reporting Processes in the U.S. Criminal Justice System","authors":"Michiko Iwasaki, Matthew C. Picchiello, Casie H. Morgan, Amy L. Henninger","doi":"10.1177/03616843221136869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221136869","url":null,"abstract":"In the present qualitative study, we analyzed voices of female sexual assault survivors to enhance the survivor-centered framework. We reviewed over 1,000 comments from a survey asking participants to share experiences following their sexual assault. Participants were 460 female survivors, including 163 reporters (those who reported their sexual assault to police officers) and 297 nonreporters. We identified four core themes (safety, empowerment and choice, collaboration, and explanation of procedures) as desired characteristics for the five key response personnel groups: patrol officers, detectives, sexual assault forensic examiner nurses, State's Attorney's Office staff, and victim advocates. We identified the strengths and weaknesses of each group based on the shared experiences of culturally marginalized and nonmarginalized reporters. A general free-text question answered by participants reflected on the four core themes, but also stressed the need for multiple layers of intervention in responding to sexual assault, as seen in two secondary themes (extra support and systemic change). Nonreporters also stressed barriers to reporting and regrets about not reporting. The power of survivors’ narratives can be used to guide the criminal justice system to uphold a truly survivor-centered approach. The complexities of gender and power inequality between the perpetrators, survivors, and response personnel should also be addressed.","PeriodicalId":48275,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Women Quarterly","volume":"47 1","pages":"65 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45804346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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