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Adults' Responses to Question Types About a Participatory Mock Crime 成人对参与性模拟犯罪问题类型的回答
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70142
Hamida Zekiroski, Sonja P. Brubacher, Natalie Martschuk, Martine B. Powell

The present study systematically examined adults' responses to question subtypes. Fifty-four adults (aged 19–35) engaged with an interactive, participatory online event (implied sexual assault) and were interviewed 2–3 days later. Interviews consisted of open-ended (invitations, breadth, and depth prompts), wh-, and closed questions (yes/no and option-posing), delivered in blocks of nine questions each, presented in counterbalanced order. Order was manipulated to assess any impact on the productivity and accuracy of responses; however, it made little difference. Open-ended questions (especially invitations) were the most productive and accurate question type. Accuracy was unexpectedly high for yes/no and low for wh- questions. Overall, option-posing questions yielded the lowest productivity and accuracy, and the greatest acquiescence when questions were misleading. The relatively poor performance for wh- questions was surprising for an adult sample at a short delay and challenges the assumption that wh- questions are as appropriate as open-ended questions for mainstream adult witnesses.

本研究系统地考察了成人对问题亚型的回答。54名成年人(19-35岁)参与了一个互动的、参与性的在线活动(暗含性侵犯),并在2-3天后接受了采访。面试包括开放式(邀请、广度和深度提示)、“为什么”和封闭式问题(是/否和选项提问),每个问题以9个问题为块,以平衡的顺序呈现。对顺序进行了操纵,以评估对响应的生产率和准确性的影响;然而,这并没有什么不同。开放式问题(尤其是邀请)是最有成效和最准确的问题类型。“是”/“否”问题的准确率出人意料地高,而“为什么”问题的准确率却很低。总的来说,提出选项的问题的效率和准确性最低,而当问题具有误导性时,默许率最高。“为什么”问题相对较差的表现在短时间内对成人样本来说是令人惊讶的,并挑战了“为什么”问题与主流成人证人的开放式问题一样合适的假设。
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引用次数: 0
Detecting Deepfakes Through Emotion?: Facial Expression and Emotional Contagion as Dual Indicators of Deepfake Credibility 通过情感检测深度造假?面部表情和情绪感染作为深度虚假可信度的双重指标
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70141
Jiyoung Lee, Kevin K. John

This study examines the differences in emotional expressions between face-swap deepfake videos featuring real human subjects and their authentic counterparts and investigates how these discrepancies influence viewers' emotional reactions and perceptions of video credibility. Using a two-step approach, we first applied computer-based facial expression analysis to compare emotional displays between deepfake and authentic videos. Next, guided by emotional contagion and emotion-as-information frameworks, we conducted an audience response analysis to assess how displayed emotions in the two types of videos transfer to viewers' emotional experiences and their subsequent assessments of the videos. Results indicate that deepfakes generally exhibit lower overall and negative emotions compared to authentic counterparts. Notably, audiences' reduced emotional responses to deepfakes were associated with higher perceived credibility. These findings underscore the importance of emotion-based signals for detecting fabricated videos and highlight the relationship between viewers' emotional responses and their perceived trust in AI-generated content.

本研究考察了以真人为主角的换脸深度假视频与真实视频之间的情感表达差异,并探讨了这些差异如何影响观众的情绪反应和对视频可信度的看法。采用两步方法,我们首先应用基于计算机的面部表情分析来比较深度假视频和真实视频之间的情感表现。接下来,在情绪传染和情绪即信息框架的指导下,我们进行了观众反应分析,以评估两类视频中所表现的情绪如何转移到观众的情绪体验中,以及他们对视频的后续评价。结果表明,与真实的对手相比,深度伪造者通常表现出更低的整体和负面情绪。值得注意的是,观众对深度造假的情绪反应减少与更高的可信度相关。这些发现强调了基于情绪的信号对于检测伪造视频的重要性,并强调了观众的情绪反应与他们对人工智能生成内容的感知信任之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
The Representation of a Logo in Memory: A Study of Recall and Recognition of the Google Logo 标志在记忆中的表征:谷歌标志的回忆与识别研究
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70147
Medine Elif Demirel, Sevil Bayçu

The Google logo is one of the most frequently encountered visual stimuli in the digital world. This study experimentally examines Internet users' recall and recognition performance of the Google logo. Building upon prior research focused mainly on structural design elements, this study broadens the scope by integrating color as a key factor. Participants performed better in the recognition phase than in the recall phase. Notably, none of the 200 participants were able to reproduce the logo accurately. A significant number of participants correctly recalled the colors of Google, but were unable to establish the association between colors and letters. Despite a decade of exposure to the current Google logo, participants more often selected the previous version during recognition. Consistent with previous findings on inattentional amnesia and attentional saturation, this study advances the field by demonstrating how these effects manifest when color—a previously underexplored dimension—is emphasized.

谷歌标志是数字世界中最常遇到的视觉刺激之一。本研究通过实验检验了互联网用户对谷歌标志的记忆和识别性能。在以往研究主要集中于结构设计元素的基础上,本研究将色彩作为关键因素纳入研究范围。参与者在识别阶段的表现优于回忆阶段。值得注意的是,200名参与者中没有人能准确地复制出这个标志。相当多的参与者正确地回忆起谷歌的颜色,但无法建立颜色和字母之间的联系。尽管现在的谷歌标志已经出现了十年,但参与者在识别过程中更多地选择了以前的版本。与之前关于非注意健忘症和注意饱和的研究结果一致,这项研究通过展示当颜色——一个以前未被探索的维度——被强调时,这些影响是如何显现的,从而推动了这一领域的发展。
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引用次数: 0
AIming High: Do Goal Structures Matter in Learning With ChatGPT? 志存高远:目标结构对ChatGPT学习有影响吗?
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70148
Laura Schmidt, Niklas Obergassel, Julian Roelle

Recent meta-analyses indicate that learning with ChatGPT improves academic performance but reveals substantial heterogeneity in effect sizes. The present study sheds light on one theoretically plausible moderator of the benefits of learning with ChatGPT: the goal structure of the learning task. For this purpose, in an experiment, university students (N = 104) learned four social psychology concepts using ChatGPT, with the task either embedded in a mastery goal structure, emphasizing the goal of making individual progress, or in a performance goal structure, emphasizing the goal of outshining others. Results showed that the mastery goal structure fostered the acquisition of conceptual knowledge in comparison to the performance goal structure. Furthermore, the performance goal structure increased pressure, anxiety, and the request for non-essential/peripheral details aimed at appearing smart in comparison to others, although these hardly contributed to learning. We conclude that goal structures can moderate the benefits of learning with ChatGPT.

最近的荟萃分析表明,使用ChatGPT学习可以提高学习成绩,但在效果大小上显示出实质性的异质性。目前的研究揭示了一个理论上合理的调节使用ChatGPT学习的好处:学习任务的目标结构。为此,在一项实验中,大学生(N = 104)使用ChatGPT学习了四个社会心理学概念,任务要么嵌入在强调个人进步的掌握目标结构中,要么嵌入在强调超越他人的绩效目标结构中。结果表明,与绩效目标结构相比,掌握目标结构更有利于概念性知识的习得。此外,绩效目标结构增加了压力、焦虑和对非必要/外围细节的要求,这些细节旨在显得比别人聪明,尽管这些对学习几乎没有贡献。我们得出结论,目标结构可以调节使用ChatGPT学习的好处。
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引用次数: 0
Can Rich False Memories of Autobiographical Events Be Reversed Again? An Extended Replication of Oeberst et al. (2021) 自传体事件丰富的错误记忆能再次被逆转吗?Oeberst et al.(2021)的扩展复制
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70124
Merle Madita Wachendörfer, Julia Kristin Heinz, Aileen Oeberst

Oeberst et al. (2021) reversed autobiographical false memories using source and false memory sensitization. The present study aimed to replicate and extend their findings by addressing methodological issues. We conducted three suggestive interviews to implement false memories, then applied two countermeasures: source sensitization and false memory sensitization. Thirty-four of 63 participants developed false memories. Based on the memory classification, both reversal techniques reduced false memories without affecting the quality of true memories. The source sensitization equally impacted true and false memories regarding participants' certainty ratings and the proportion of remembered details attributed to their own memory. However, participants were more certain about the sources of their true than their false memories. Since memory classification cut-offs might have led to overestimating the techniques' effectiveness, we discuss the implications for research and derive several recommendations for future studies.

Oeberst等人(2021)利用源记忆和错误记忆敏化来逆转自传式错误记忆。本研究旨在通过解决方法问题来复制和扩展他们的发现。我们通过三次暗示性访谈来实施错误记忆,然后采用两种对策:源敏化和错误记忆敏化。63名参与者中有34人产生了错误记忆。在记忆分类的基础上,两种逆转方法都在不影响真实记忆质量的前提下减少了虚假记忆。源敏化对真实记忆和虚假记忆的影响是一样的,包括参与者的确定性评分和他们自己记忆中所记住的细节的比例。然而,参与者对真实记忆的来源比对错误记忆的来源更确定。由于记忆分类截断可能导致高估技术的有效性,我们讨论了研究的意义,并为未来的研究提出了一些建议。
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引用次数: 0
The Composite Conspiracy Belief (CCB) Scale: Development, Validation, and Distinction From Related Constructs 复合阴谋信念(CCB)量表:发展、验证及与相关构念的区别
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70136
Cosimo Talò

Conspiracy thinking is a multidimensional construct, studied both as a general disposition (conspiracy mindset) and as adherence to specific narratives (conspiracy beliefs). Despite research interest, distinguishing generic conspiracy thinking from related constructs (e.g., paranoid, magical thinking) remains a challenge. The present study aims to develop and validate the composite conspiracy belief (CCB) scale, a new measure of conspiracy thinking that distinguishes itself from similar thinking styles and captures different conspiracy tendencies. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 (N = 380) examined the factorial structure of CCB, hypothesizing a third-order hierarchical model based on semi-specific conspiracy narratives: “source of threat” and “type of threat.” Study 2 (N = 364) evaluated the differentiation of CCB from magical thinking, social persecution, and generalized suspiciousness. The analyses confirmed the construct, convergent, and incremental validity.

阴谋思维是一种多维结构,既可以作为一般倾向(阴谋心态)来研究,也可以作为对特定叙述(阴谋信念)的坚持来研究。尽管研究兴趣,区分通用阴谋思维与相关结构(例如,偏执,魔幻思维)仍然是一个挑战。本研究的目的是开发和验证一种新的阴谋思维测量方法——复合阴谋信念量表(CCB),该量表区别于相似的思维方式,并捕捉不同的阴谋倾向。进行了两项研究。研究1 (N = 380)检验了CCB的析因结构,假设了基于半特定阴谋叙述的三阶层次模型:“威胁来源”和“威胁类型”。研究2 (N = 364)评估CCB与魔幻思维、社会迫害和广义怀疑的区别。分析证实了结构效度、收敛效度和增量效度。
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引用次数: 0
Are Intrusive Memories for False Event-Related Details Possible? A Study on Traumatic Event Memories Over Time 错误事件相关细节的侵入性记忆可能存在吗?创伤性事件记忆随时间变化的研究
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70139
Fabiana Battista, Chunlin Li, Henry Otgaar, Ivan Mangiulli, Alessandro Piro, Antonietta Curci, Tiziana Lanciano

Being exposed to a traumatic event can engender repetitive, distressing, and interfering memories, also called intrusive memories. In addition, over time, people sometimes recall additional and new details of the traumatic experience. In the current study, we examined whether people could report intrusive memories for false details of a traumatic event. Participants (N = 39) completed nine study sessions. In the first session, they watched a video of a traumatic event (i.e., sexual assault) and performed a recognition task. From the second session to the eighth session, each day, participants reported their intrusive memories for the event by replying to some questions related to true and false event-related details. In the final session, we asked them to complete again the same recognition task from the first session. People reported having intrusive memories for false event-related details. These memories did not statistically differ in terms of vividness and distress as compared with intrusive memories for true details. However, overall, the reporting of both intrusive memories for true and false details decreased over time and did not influence the voluntary recall of the traumatic event. These findings are important for theoretical insights on the phenomenon of intrusive memories and the memory amplification effect.

暴露于创伤性事件会产生重复的、痛苦的和干扰性的记忆,也称为侵入性记忆。此外,随着时间的推移,人们有时会回忆起创伤经历的额外和新的细节。在目前的研究中,我们研究了人们是否会对创伤性事件的虚假细节报告侵入性记忆。参与者(N = 39)完成了9个研究阶段。在第一个阶段,他们观看了一段创伤性事件(即性侵犯)的视频,并完成了一项识别任务。从第二阶段到第八阶段,每天,参与者通过回答一些与事件相关的真实和虚假细节的问题来报告他们对事件的侵入性记忆。在最后一个阶段,我们要求他们再次完成与第一个阶段相同的识别任务。据报道,人们对与错误事件相关的细节有侵入性记忆。与真实细节的侵入性记忆相比,这些记忆在生动性和痛苦性方面没有统计学差异。然而,总的来说,对真实和虚假细节的侵入性记忆的报告随着时间的推移而减少,并且不影响对创伤性事件的自愿回忆。这些发现对于研究侵入性记忆现象和记忆放大效应具有重要的理论意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Power of Technical Language: Does Jargon Use Influence the Credibility of Misinformation? 技术语言的力量:行话的使用会影响错误信息的可信度吗?
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70137
Tanisha Berrios, Dun-Ya Hu, Jyotsna Vaid

Across two studies, we examined the impact of different levels of jargon on the perceived credibility of texts containing reliable or unreliable information. Study 1 found that higher levels of jargon were associated with increased credibility ratings for unreliable texts. Study 2 showed that higher levels of jargon were also associated with lower processing fluency for both reliable and unreliable texts. Additionally, the high level of jargon was associated with higher credibility ratings compared to text containing no jargon, and those high in conspiracy mentality were more influenced by the amount of jargon when making their credibility ratings. Jargon had a direct effect on increasing credibility, but also indirectly decreased credibility through a decrease in processing fluency. Together, these findings suggest that the presence of technical terms enhances the credibility of even unreliable text, and that individuals with conspiracy mentality leanings are more susceptible to this influence of jargon.

在两项研究中,我们研究了不同程度的行话对包含可靠或不可靠信息的文本的感知可信度的影响。研究1发现,对于不可靠的文本,术语越多,可信度越高。研究2表明,对于可靠和不可靠的文本,术语水平越高,处理流畅性越低。此外,与不包含行话的文本相比,行话含量高的文本可信度评分更高,而阴谋心态高的文本在进行可信度评分时更受行话数量的影响。行话对提高可信度有直接作用,但也通过降低加工流畅性间接降低可信度。总之,这些发现表明,专业术语的存在提高了不可靠文本的可信度,而具有阴谋心理倾向的个体更容易受到术语的影响。
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引用次数: 0
About Work Fails and Work Tales: Examining the Functions of Work-Related Autobiographical Memories 关于工作失败和工作故事:检查与工作有关的自传式记忆的功能
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70135
Anja Roemer, Anna Sutton

Autobiographical memories serve three distinct functions: They help to promote self-continuity, to connect with others and to direct future behaviour. This study investigates whether positive and negative autobiographical memories, particularly those related to work success and failure, serve different functions in the workplace. Using an experimental between-subjects design, full-time employees (n = 361) recalled a work-related memory in one of three randomly assigned conditions: success, failure or control condition. Participants then reported for which reasons they use the respective memory in daily life. Results show that memories of work success serve the self and social function significantly more than memories of failure, but the directive function is served equally by memories of success and failure. This study applied autobiographical memory research methods to a work context, indicating that simple interventions based on employees recalling and reflecting on specific memories may promote personal and professional development.

自传式记忆有三个不同的功能:有助于促进自我连续性,与他人联系,指导未来的行为。这项研究调查了积极和消极的自传式记忆,特别是那些与工作成功和失败有关的记忆,是否在工作场所起着不同的作用。采用受试者之间的实验设计,全职员工(n = 361)在三种随机分配的条件之一中回忆起与工作有关的记忆:成功、失败或控制条件。然后,参与者报告了他们在日常生活中使用各自记忆的原因。结果表明,工作成功记忆的自我功能和社会功能显著高于失败记忆,但成功记忆和失败记忆的指导功能相同。本研究将自传式记忆研究方法应用于工作情境,表明基于员工回忆和反思特定记忆的简单干预可能促进个人和职业发展。
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引用次数: 0
Working Memory Performance and Subjective Stress During a Simulated Night Shift 模拟夜班期间的工作记忆表现和主观压力
IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70143
June J. Pilcher, Skylar E. Weiskittel, Kaileigh A. Byrne

The current study examined context-dependent and non-context-dependent working memory components and subjective stress during a simulated night shift. The AX-Continuous Performance task (context-dependent) and Sternberg task (non-context-dependent) were administered during four testing sessions to 63 healthy college students. General linear mixed models showed decreased accuracy, slower reaction times, and decreased Balance Integration Scores (combined speed-accuracy score) on both tasks (ps < 0.05). Furthermore, increases in subjective stress were related to decreased accuracy (p = 0.009), slower reaction times (p < 0.001), and decreased Balance Integration Scores (p < 0.001) for the AX-Continuous Performance task but not the Sternberg task. Subjective stress increased across the simulated night shift (p < 0.001). These results suggest that key cognitive processes such as maintaining information, recalling and correcting ordered lists, and rapidly updating changing information would be negatively affected when working during the night. Subjective stress specifically impacted context-dependent working memory such as adjusting priorities and strategies based on changing tasks or environmental requirements.

目前的研究考察了在模拟夜班期间情境依赖和非情境依赖的工作记忆成分和主观压力。对63名健康大学生进行情境依赖的ax -连续表现任务和非情境依赖的Sternberg任务。一般线性混合模型显示两项任务的准确性降低,反应时间变慢,平衡整合得分(速度-准确性综合得分)降低(ps < 0.05)。此外,主观压力的增加与AX-Continuous Performance任务的准确性下降(p = 0.009)、反应时间变慢(p < 0.001)和平衡整合分数下降(p < 0.001)有关,但与Sternberg任务无关。主观压力在模拟夜班中增加(p < 0.001)。这些结果表明,在夜间工作时,关键的认知过程,如保持信息,回忆和纠正有序列表,以及快速更新变化的信息会受到负面影响。主观压力特别影响情境依赖的工作记忆,如根据变化的任务或环境要求调整优先级和策略。
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引用次数: 0
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Applied Cognitive Psychology
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