Body Image最新文献

Broaching issues of identity and power with clients in the context of their mental health care is affirmed as an effective multicultural and social justice counseling skill by a growing evidence base. Considerations for broaching body size, including size difference and sizeism, with clients has not yet been studied, thus clinicians lack guidelines for facilitating these conversations. In this consensual qualitative research study, we present themes involved in broaching body topics based on our interviews with nine clinicians specialized in treating clients with eating disorders and body-related counseling concerns. Themes addressed counselor development, conceptualization of broaching, clinical-decision-making, practice, and impact of broaching body topics in session. Clinicians identified professional and personal developments they pursued and would advocate for training future clinicians to better serve clients. Descriptions of unique and shared aspects of broaching clients’ intersectionality and body-size specifically depict avenues for tailoring broaching conversations. Specific examples of effective and ineffective broaching conversations, including language used and psychoeducational components, provide recommendations for practice and connect to observed impacts on the client, counselor, and counseling process.

Online apparel retail imagery is a prominent threat to women’s body image, particularly segments such as activewear which emphasize the value of women’s bodies. In a within-subjects experiment, we exposed women (N = 128) to imagery randomly selected from activewear, casualwear and homewares websites and measured their gaze behavior, physiological arousal, as well as subjective emotional states and body image ratings. Exposure to activewear retail imagery elicited significantly lower body image ratings, a higher negative emotional state, and a lower positive emotional state compared to the other website imagery conditions. Physiological arousal was significantly higher for both apparel imagery conditions compared to the homewares imagery condition. Body biased gaze behavior was significantly higher for the activewear imagery condition compared to the casualwear imagery condition. Notably, body shame moderated the self-reported but not the physiological experimental effects, such that women with higher body shame experienced stronger adverse changes in their body image and emotional state ratings following activewear exposure. Correlations revealed that self-reported experimental responses to activewear imagery were strongly associated with self-objectification, appearance comparison, disordered eating and body image coping attitudes. Thus, exposure to popular apparel may play a role in maintaining maladaptive body image attitudes and behaviors in women.

Body positive social media content, and especially content that does not contain photos of bodies, has been shown to be helpful for body image compared to idealized social media content. However, body positive content is heterogenous and little is known regarding which types of content may be most helpful. This study examined self-reported body image and mood effects of different types of body positive content among women. A sample of 176 women, mean (SD) age = 21.77 (2.35) was recruited. Participants viewed body positive stimuli that were grouped into 14 different categories to represent the heterogenous nature of this social media content, including a text only category. Each image was rated in terms of its perceived effect on body image and mood. Findings suggested that the text-only category was rated most highly in terms of generating positive feelings towards the body and positive affect. Moreover, the comparative benefit of the text-only category was larger among women with higher BMI, and participants reporting closer proximity to the images, although not consistently across outcomes. Further work focused on understanding the effects of different types of body positive content is warranted.

Although many women experience body dissatisfaction, treatment options that prevent the onset of more serious conditions are limited in accessibility. As such, digital interventions may be an appropriate alternative resource to address restricted treatment options. This study provides statistical syntheses of the evidence for digital body image interventions for non-clinical adult women. A systematic literature search identified 19 studies (N = 2424) that tested the effect of a digital body image intervention compared to a control condition. Study results were synthesised using random effects models, and small to medium statistically significant effect sizes indicated that digital interventions were beneficial in increasing overall global satisfaction (g = 0.43) and reducing cognitive body dissatisfaction (g = 0.36). These meta-analytic findings provide evidence for the efficacy of digital body image interventions for non-clinical adult women. Intervention type was not found to be a statistically significant moderator, which may suggest that a range of intervention types can produce similar reductions in body dissatisfaction. Overall, digital body image interventions may be a feasible option to alleviate body dissatisfaction, particularly for women who may be unable to access conventional treatment.

The 13-item Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (BAOS-2) measures generalised perceptions of body acceptance by others. Here, we examined the psychometric properties of a novel Polish translation of the BAOS-2. A sample of 1183 adults (898 women, 285 men; age M = 28.98) from Poland completed a Polish version of the BAOS-2, alongside measures of body appreciation, pressure to conform to appearance ideals, self-compassion, self-esteem, and impression management. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified a stable unidimensional model of the Polish BAOS-2, with all 13 items retained. Additionally, the Polish BAOS-2 evidenced complete invariance (i.e., through to latent mean invariance) across gender identity. Scores on the BAOS-2 evidenced adequate composite reliability and, in a retest subsample (n = 260), showed complete invariance across four weeks. Evidence of convergent, criterion-related, discriminant, and incremental validity was very strong when based on observed BAOS-2 scores, but weaker when based on latent BAOS-2 scores. Whether examined at the observed or latent level, greater body acceptance by others was consistently and strongly associated with higher body appreciation. These results suggest that the psychometric properties of the Polish BAOS-2 are robust and that this instrument can be confidently utilised in future research with Polish adults.

Previous findings suggest that body appreciation increases with age, whereas body dissatisfaction remains constant across the lifespan. However, the reason for this phenomenon remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the role of functionality appreciation in the association between age and body appreciation among Japanese adults. A community sample of 280 Japanese women and men (20–79 years old) completed an online cross-sectional survey with measures of functionality and body appreciation. Simple mediation analysis (PROCESS; Model 4) demonstrated that age was positively related to body appreciation and this relationship was mediated by functionality appreciation, for women, but not for men. This finding suggests that increased functionality appreciation might be a strategy for increasing body appreciation as we age, but only among women and not among men. It is possible that the adaptive strategies employed by older women could be utilized by younger women. Thus, implementing interventions focused on the enhancement of functionality appreciation might be beneficial for young women.

Body image and social media use seem to be significantly associated. In particular, photo-based behaviors (i.e., photo investment and manipulation) seemed to have a positive relation with negative body image dimensions. On the other hand, positive body image dimensions could demonstrate the role of moderators. However, current available studies did not support these findings consistently. Moreover, available studies did not assess Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) symptoms. To address these issues, the associations between BDD/MD symptoms and photo-based behaviors and the possible moderation of body appreciation were examined in a sample of 485 social media users (71.1 % women). Findings from hierarchical multiple regressions highlighted that BDD symptoms were significantly associated with photo investment and manipulation, and MD symptoms were significantly associated with photo investment only. Body appreciation demonstrated a moderating role in the relation involving photo investment and BDD symptoms. Current findings supported that photo-based behaviors are significantly associated with negative body image dimensions, while positive body image demonstrated only a marginal protective role.

Evidence suggests that yoga can be used as an intervention to improve body image. This systematic review evaluates the evidence of the efficacy of yoga in improving body image among adults. Authors followed PRISMA guidelines, searching Pubmed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINHAL, PsycInfo, and grey literature up to December 2, 2023 and identifying 446 unique records. Eligibility criteria included English-language, peer-reviewed studies with quantitative data on adult populations. Twenty-nine studies were eligible for inclusion and were evaluated for methodological quality using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Interventions focused solely on yoga varied in length, frequency, and style. Our synthesis revealed that yoga is associated with improved body satisfaction and appreciation, as well as reduced body dissatisfaction, across diverse adult populations, including those with clinical or subclinical levels of body dissatisfaction. Most low- and moderate-quality studies reported significant improvements, and some suggested a dose-response relationship. However, the evidence is limited by methodological weaknesses, such as a lack of blinding and inadequate reporting. Despite these limitations, findings support yoga as a promising intervention for improving body image in adults. Future research should aim for methodologically rigorous studies that use validated outcome measures and more inclusive populations.

Nearly 85 % of emerging adults report using at least one social media site. Research suggests that viewing and internalizing unrealistic body ideals often displayed online may pose harmful effects on young people’s body image. However, studies on the relationships between social media usage and body image have predominantly focused on women’s drive for thinness. We sought to explore the relationships between social media appearance-related preoccupation (SMARP), body shame and surveillance, and drives for leanness, muscularity, and thinness, specifically examining the moderating role of gender within these relationships. Data from 939 undergraduate students (n = 240 men) were analyzed using multigroup structural equation modeling. Surveillance significantly mediated the positive associations between SMARP and drive for leanness for women and men. For SMARP and drive for muscularity, surveillance was a mediator for men only. Shame emerged as a significant mediator of the positive association between SMARP and drive for thinness for women and men. Moderated mediation was supported, such that the indirect effect of SMARP on drive for thinness was significantly stronger for women. These results suggest that for men in particular, SMARP is not necessarily associated with increased drives for leanness and muscularity unless men are also engaging in body surveillance.

Fitspiration presents idealised bodies to viewers, emphasising a fit ideal to women and a muscular ideal to men. Previous content analyses have focused on images from Instagram, with research yet to examine video content on TikTok or verify the accuracy of the diet and exercise information posted by fitness influencers. This content analysis examined 200 videos from popular TikTok fitspiration hashtags (fitness, fitspo, gymtok, fittok). Two independent coders used a standardised codebook containing definitions and examples for coding. Overall, 78 % of videos showed only women, and 10 % of videos showed only men. Videos of women included both fit and thin idealised bodies, whole body and specific body part objectification, harmful themes, and promoted appearance-related reasons for exercise more frequently than videos containing men. Videos of men included muscular idealised bodies and objectification through face obscurity (excluding the face from view) more frequently than videos of women. Most videos were posted by fitness influencers, and 60 % of videos presented incorrect or harmful information. Findings suggest that fitspiration TikTok content contains characteristics known to negatively impact body image and highlights gendered differences in content themes. Further investigation is required on the promotion of appearance reasons to exercise, and the credibility of information and content creators.