Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101996
Phaedra Longhurst , Tracy L. Tylka , Jessica M. Alleva
Within the body functionality and body image research, there is an absence of psychometrically validated measures for capturing functionality appreciation as a state-like construct. To address this, we conducted an extensive psychometric analysis of a state version of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS; Alleva et al., 2017), initially offered by Alleva et al. (2024b), across two online studies. Exploratory factor analyses among a UK-based community sample of 583 adults (18–85 years; age M = 34.66) led to the extraction of a 7-item, unidimensional model of S-FAS scores, which presented adequate composite reliability and good patterns of construct validity (i.e., convergent, concurrent, incremental). Using confirmatory factor analyses, we cross-validated the optimal model among a second community sample of 295 adults (18–78 years; age M = 38.65) from the United Kingdom. Results showed that the unidimensional model of S-FAS scores had adequate fit, demonstrated discriminant validity, and provided additional evidence of measurement invariance (up to latent mean level) across gender identity (women, men) and time (i.e., at pre-test and post-test). Our findings further showed that the S-FAS is sensitive to experimental manipulation and thus accurately captures changes in state functionality appreciation. Overall, the S-FAS is a psychometrically valid measure for assessing functionality appreciation as a state-like construct in future research and practice.
在身体功能和身体形象研究中，缺乏心理测量学验证的方法来捕捉功能欣赏作为一种类似状态的结构。为了解决这个问题，我们对功能欣赏量表（FAS; Alleva et al., 2017）进行了广泛的心理测量分析，该量表最初由Alleva et al. （2024b）在两项在线研究中提供。对英国社区583名成年人（18-85岁，年龄M = 34.66）进行探索性因子分析，提取出7项单维度S-FAS评分模型，该模型具有足够的复合信度和较好的结构效度模式（即趋同、并发、增量）。通过验证性因素分析，我们在来自英国的295名成年人（18-78岁，年龄M = 38.65）的第二个社区样本中交叉验证了最优模型。结果表明，S-FAS评分的单维模型具有足够的拟合性和判别效度，并提供了跨性别认同（女性、男性）和时间（即测试前和测试后）的测量不变性（高达潜在平均水平）的额外证据。我们的研究结果进一步表明，S-FAS对实验操作很敏感，因此可以准确地捕捉到状态功能欣赏的变化。总之，在未来的研究和实践中，S-FAS是一种心理测量学上有效的评估功能欣赏作为一种状态结构的方法。
{"title":"Measuring state functionality appreciation: A psychometric evaluation of an adapted version of the functionality appreciation scale (S-FAS)","authors":"Phaedra Longhurst , Tracy L. Tylka , Jessica M. Alleva","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the body functionality and body image research, there is an absence of psychometrically validated measures for capturing functionality appreciation as a state-like construct. To address this, we conducted an extensive psychometric analysis of a state version of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS; Alleva et al., 2017), initially offered by Alleva et al. (2024b), across two online studies. Exploratory factor analyses among a UK-based community sample of 583 adults (18–85 years; age <em>M</em> = 34.66) led to the extraction of a 7-item, unidimensional model of S-FAS scores, which presented adequate composite reliability and good patterns of construct validity (i.e., convergent, concurrent, incremental). Using confirmatory factor analyses, we cross-validated the optimal model among a second community sample of 295 adults (18–78 years; age <em>M</em> = 38.65) from the United Kingdom. Results showed that the unidimensional model of S-FAS scores had adequate fit, demonstrated discriminant validity, and provided additional evidence of measurement invariance (up to latent mean level) across gender identity (women, men) and time (i.e., at pre-test and post-test). Our findings further showed that the S-FAS is sensitive to experimental manipulation and thus accurately captures changes in state functionality appreciation. Overall, the S-FAS is a psychometrically valid measure for assessing functionality appreciation as a state-like construct in future research and practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101996"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101992
Wenn Lynn Ooi , Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz , Julian Simmons , Isabel Krug
We assessed the bidirectional relationship between body comparisons (BC) with body dissatisfaction (BD) and disordered eating (DE) urges in daily life. A secondary aim was to assess whether these effects were moderated by BC context (e.g., in person, social media, traditional media) and gender. Undergraduate men and women (n = 521, 76.0 % female-identifying) completed baseline measures and a 7-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) reporting BC (frequency, direction and context), BD levels, and DE urges including food restriction, exercising and overeating. Data (collected 2020 – 2022) were statistically controlled for potential COVID lockdown effects. Multilevel analyses revealed a bidirectional relationship between upward BC and BD, suggesting a reinforcing cycle. Downward BC predicted a decrease in BD, but during moments of heightened state BD, individuals were less likely to engage in downward BC. Urge to engage in compensatory exercise significantly predicted subsequent engagement in upward BC, but none of the remaining relationships between BC and DE urges were significant, suggesting other factors may play a more central role in these relationships. The effect of upward BC on BD were more pronounced in person and via other contexts than on social media, potentially due to increased awareness of digital image manipulation. Gender did not moderate these relationships, highlighting shared psychological processes across men and women. These findings underscore the context-dependent nature of BC in body image concerns. Future research could investigate whether strategies developed to promote media literacy on social media can be adapted to help individuals manage in-person or other real-world comparisons.
{"title":"Body comparisons are bidirectionally linked with body dissatisfaction but not disordered eating urges","authors":"Wenn Lynn Ooi , Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz , Julian Simmons , Isabel Krug","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We assessed the bidirectional relationship between body comparisons (BC) with body dissatisfaction (BD) and disordered eating (DE) urges in daily life. A secondary aim was to assess whether these effects were moderated by BC context (e.g., in person, social media, traditional media) and gender. Undergraduate men and women (<em>n</em> = 521, 76.0 % female-identifying) completed baseline measures and a 7-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) reporting BC (frequency, direction and context), BD levels, and DE urges including food restriction, exercising and overeating. Data (collected 2020 – 2022) were statistically controlled for potential COVID lockdown effects. Multilevel analyses revealed a bidirectional relationship between upward BC and BD, suggesting a reinforcing cycle. Downward BC predicted a decrease in BD, but during moments of heightened state BD, individuals were less likely to engage in downward BC. Urge to engage in compensatory exercise significantly predicted subsequent engagement in upward BC, but none of the remaining relationships between BC and DE urges were significant, suggesting other factors may play a more central role in these relationships. The effect of upward BC on BD were more pronounced in person and via other contexts than on social media, potentially due to increased awareness of digital image manipulation. Gender did not moderate these relationships, highlighting shared psychological processes across men and women. These findings underscore the context-dependent nature of BC in body image concerns. Future research could investigate whether strategies developed to promote media literacy on social media can be adapted to help individuals manage in-person or other real-world comparisons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101992"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145453646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101993
Christina M. Gaggiano , Siyu Wang , Wesley R. Barnhart , Feng Ji , Jinbo He
Empirical research evidence suggests an association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and body dissatisfaction. However, prior research predominantly focused on body fat dissatisfaction, with limited research on muscularity dissatisfaction. Also, limited research has clarified potential pathways between ACEs and body dissatisfaction. To fill these gaps, we examined the relationship between ACEs and both body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction and proposed a theoretical model from the lens of appearance stigma where the experienced (i.e., weight and muscularity teasing) and internalized (i.e., weight and muscularity bias internalization) appearance stigma act as potential pathways. Data were collected online from 800 Chinese adults (nwomen = 400, nmen = 400). Bivariate correlation analyses and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted separately by gender. Results showed significant positive correlations between ACEs and both body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction in men and women (rs = .24–.30, ps < .001). The proposed model could fully explain the relationships between ACEs and body dissatisfaction for both genders. Specifically, ACEs were associated with higher experienced and internalized appearance stigma, which, in turn, were related to higher body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction. Findings underscore the potential importance of targeting both experienced and internalized appearance stigma to mitigate the potential impact of ACEs on body dissatisfaction.
{"title":"Explaining the associations between adverse childhood experiences and body dissatisfaction through the lens of appearance stigma","authors":"Christina M. Gaggiano , Siyu Wang , Wesley R. Barnhart , Feng Ji , Jinbo He","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Empirical research evidence suggests an association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and body dissatisfaction. However, prior research predominantly focused on body fat dissatisfaction, with limited research on muscularity dissatisfaction. Also, limited research has clarified potential pathways between ACEs and body dissatisfaction. To fill these gaps, we examined the relationship between ACEs and both body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction and proposed a theoretical model from the lens of appearance stigma where the experienced (i.e., weight and muscularity teasing) and internalized (i.e., weight and muscularity bias internalization) appearance stigma act as potential pathways. Data were collected online from 800 Chinese adults (<em>n</em><sub>women</sub> = 400, <em>n</em><sub>men</sub> = 400). Bivariate correlation analyses and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted separately by gender. Results showed significant positive correlations between ACEs and both body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction in men and women (<em>r</em>s = .24–.30, <em>p</em>s < .001). The proposed model could fully explain the relationships between ACEs and body dissatisfaction for both genders. Specifically, ACEs were associated with higher experienced and internalized appearance stigma, which, in turn, were related to higher body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction. Findings underscore the potential importance of targeting both experienced and internalized appearance stigma to mitigate the potential impact of ACEs on body dissatisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101993"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101994
Mariel Messer , Claudia Liu , Robyn L. Moffitt , Sohee Lee , Jake Linardon
Grounded in emotion regulation theory, cross-sectional research has shown that difficulties managing emotions are strongly associated with negative body image. However, a lack of prospective investigations limits our understanding of the temporal dynamics of these relationships, and whether different emotion dysregulation facets are relevant for distinct components of negative body image. We examined prospective associations between emotional regulation (i.e., self-compassion) and dysregulation (i.e., non-acceptance of negative emotions, problems with impulse control, lack of emotional clarity, limited access to emotion regulation strategies, and an inability to engage in goal directed behaviors) with negative body image components (dissatisfaction, fear of weight gain, feeling fat, over-evaluation, and preoccupation) in 3039 adult women at baseline (T1) and 8 months (T2). Higher self-compassion and lower emotion dysregulation strategies consistently predicted better body image outcomes in univariate models (R² =.31–.52), with all predictors significant for feeling fat, fear of weight gain, and preoccupation. In multivariate models (R² =.35–.72), only self-compassion predicted lower fear of weight gain and overvaluation. These findings support theoretical models linking emotion dysregulation to body image disturbance, while highlighting self-compassion as a particularly robust predictor and potential target for prevention and intervention efforts.
{"title":"Prospective associations between self-compassion, emotional dysregulation, and negative body image components in an international sample of adult women","authors":"Mariel Messer , Claudia Liu , Robyn L. Moffitt , Sohee Lee , Jake Linardon","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grounded in emotion regulation theory, cross-sectional research has shown that difficulties managing emotions are strongly associated with negative body image. However, a lack of prospective investigations limits our understanding of the temporal dynamics of these relationships, and whether different emotion dysregulation facets are relevant for distinct components of negative body image. We examined prospective associations between emotional regulation (i.e., self-compassion) and dysregulation (i.e., non-acceptance of negative emotions, problems with impulse control, lack of emotional clarity, limited access to emotion regulation strategies, and an inability to engage in goal directed behaviors) with negative body image components (dissatisfaction, fear of weight gain, feeling fat, over-evaluation, and preoccupation) in 3039 adult women at baseline (T1) and 8 months (T2). Higher self-compassion and lower emotion dysregulation strategies consistently predicted better body image outcomes in univariate models (R² =.31–.52), with all predictors significant for feeling fat, fear of weight gain, and preoccupation. In multivariate models (R² =.35–.72), only self-compassion predicted lower fear of weight gain and overvaluation. These findings support theoretical models linking emotion dysregulation to body image disturbance, while highlighting self-compassion as a particularly robust predictor and potential target for prevention and intervention efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101994"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101988
Tassiana Aparecida Hudson , Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho , Ana Carolina Soares Amaral , Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira
The body gratitude and appreciation model suggests that women who experience gratitude tend to have greater body appreciation and engage in more intuitive eating. This relationship is mediated by a lower investment of their self-worth in appearance and others’ approval, as well as a reduced tendency to compare their bodies and food choices. Given the limited theoretical research on the development of positive body image among the Brazilian population, this study tested this model using structural equation modeling with a sample of 2136 Brazilian university women aged 18–35 years. The model demonstrated a good fit to the data, with all paths being significant. Mediation analyses indicated that gratitude was indirectly associated with body appreciation and intuitive eating through reduced investment in appearance and others’ approval, and lower levels of body and eating comparison. Notably, the majority of gratitude's effect on body appreciation was direct, accounting for 72.72 % of the total effect. These findings underscore the central role of body appreciation in the model and offer a theoretical foundation for future research focused on promoting positive body image in this population.
{"title":"Assessment and adaptation of the model of gratitude, body appreciation, and intuitive eating among Brazilian women","authors":"Tassiana Aparecida Hudson , Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho , Ana Carolina Soares Amaral , Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The body gratitude and appreciation model suggests that women who experience gratitude tend to have greater body appreciation and engage in more intuitive eating. This relationship is mediated by a lower investment of their self-worth in appearance and others’ approval, as well as a reduced tendency to compare their bodies and food choices. Given the limited theoretical research on the development of positive body image among the Brazilian population, this study tested this model using structural equation modeling with a sample of 2136 Brazilian university women aged 18–35 years. The model demonstrated a good fit to the data, with all paths being significant. Mediation analyses indicated that gratitude was indirectly associated with body appreciation and intuitive eating through reduced investment in appearance and others’ approval, and lower levels of body and eating comparison. Notably, the majority of gratitude's effect on body appreciation was direct, accounting for 72.72 % of the total effect. These findings underscore the central role of body appreciation in the model and offer a theoretical foundation for future research focused on promoting positive body image in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101988"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101989
Zhaoyi Pan , Yuhan Chen , Wesley R. Barnhart , Shuqi Cui , Gui Chen , Feng Ji , Jason M. Nagata , See Heng Yim , Jinbo He
Although robust evidence supports the protective role of self-compassion in the links between body image, eating disorders (EDs), and mental well-being, previous research has predominantly used cross-sectional designs, focused on Western adult samples, and failed to distinguish between components of self-compassion, namely compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding. To address these gaps, we used a longitudinal design to examine how compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding moderated associations between body image (i.e., body dissatisfaction and body appreciation) and three outcome variables (i.e., ED psychopathology, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress) among Chinese adolescents. A sample of 1428 adolescents (607 boys and 821 girls) participated in four waves of assessments over 18 months. A multilevel approach was used to test the moderation effects at within-person, between-person, and cross-levels separately for boys and girls. Results revealed sex-specific patterns: 1) at the within-person level, compassionate self-responding strengthened the associations between body image variables and ED psychopathology in boys, while uncompassionate self-responding weakened the effects of body appreciation on psychosocial impairment in girls; 2) compassionate self-responding attenuated the effects of body dissatisfaction and strengthened the effects of body appreciation at the between-person and/or cross-levels in girls only; 3) uncompassionate self-responding reinforced the links between body appreciation and/or body dissatisfaction and outcome variables in both sexes at the between-person and/or cross-levels. Findings provide a nuanced understanding of the differential aspects of self-compassion in body image, ED psychopathology, and mental health among adolescents, with important implications for culturally informed prevention strategies.
{"title":"How self-compassion moderates the associations of body image with eating disorder psychopathology, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress: A longitudinal study in Chinese adolescents","authors":"Zhaoyi Pan , Yuhan Chen , Wesley R. Barnhart , Shuqi Cui , Gui Chen , Feng Ji , Jason M. Nagata , See Heng Yim , Jinbo He","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although robust evidence supports the protective role of self-compassion in the links between body image, eating disorders (EDs), and mental well-being, previous research has predominantly used cross-sectional designs, focused on Western adult samples, and failed to distinguish between components of self-compassion, namely compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding. To address these gaps, we used a longitudinal design to examine how compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding moderated associations between body image (i.e., body dissatisfaction and body appreciation) and three outcome variables (i.e., ED psychopathology, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress) among Chinese adolescents. A sample of 1428 adolescents (607 boys and 821 girls) participated in four waves of assessments over 18 months. A multilevel approach was used to test the moderation effects at within-person, between-person, and cross-levels separately for boys and girls. Results revealed sex-specific patterns: 1) at the within-person level, compassionate self-responding strengthened the associations between body image variables and ED psychopathology in boys, while uncompassionate self-responding weakened the effects of body appreciation on psychosocial impairment in girls; 2) compassionate self-responding attenuated the effects of body dissatisfaction and strengthened the effects of body appreciation at the between-person and/or cross-levels in girls only; 3) uncompassionate self-responding reinforced the links between body appreciation and/or body dissatisfaction and outcome variables in both sexes at the between-person and/or cross-levels. Findings provide a nuanced understanding of the differential aspects of self-compassion in body image, ED psychopathology, and mental health among adolescents, with important implications for culturally informed prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101989"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101990
Shahar Zaguri-Vittenberg, Rotem Kahalon
Literature has consistently documented an adverse association between self-objectification and eating disorders in the general population. Yet, this association has received less attention during pregnancy. Focusing on pregnant women, we tested whether body appreciation, i.e., a positive attitude toward one's body regardless of its appearance, may serve as a protective factor in the relationship between self-objectification and disordered eating symptoms. In a cross-sectional study, 389 primiparous pregnant women in their second to third trimester (Mage = 30.39) were recruited through relevant social media platforms. Participants completed a socio-demographic and health background questionnaire and self-objectification, disordered eating and body appreciation measures. Self-objectification was significantly and positively correlation with disordered eating symptoms. Moreover, body appreciation significantly moderated this relation, such that the relationship was significant for pregnant women with low and medium body appreciation levels, while it was nonsignificant for pregnant women with high body appreciation. The findings suggest that while women with high self-objectification may be more prone to disordered eating during pregnancy, high levels of body appreciation may serve as a protective factor, potentially mitigating negative experiences during the transition to motherhood. Thus, the findings highlight the clinical importance of prenatal interventions to foster body appreciation during pregnancy.
{"title":"Body appreciation moderates the relationship between self-objectification and disordered eating among pregnant women","authors":"Shahar Zaguri-Vittenberg, Rotem Kahalon","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Literature has consistently documented an adverse association between self-objectification and eating disorders in the general population. Yet, this association has received less attention during pregnancy. Focusing on pregnant women, we tested whether body appreciation, i.e., a positive attitude toward one's body regardless of its appearance, may serve as a protective factor in the relationship between self-objectification and disordered eating symptoms. In a cross-sectional study, 389 primiparous pregnant women in their second to third trimester (M<sub>age</sub> = 30.39) were recruited through relevant social media platforms. Participants completed a socio-demographic and health background questionnaire and self-objectification, disordered eating and body appreciation measures. Self-objectification was significantly and positively correlation with disordered eating symptoms. Moreover, body appreciation significantly moderated this relation, such that the relationship was significant for pregnant women with low and medium body appreciation levels, while it was nonsignificant for pregnant women with high body appreciation. The findings suggest that while women with high self-objectification may be more prone to disordered eating during pregnancy, high levels of body appreciation may serve as a protective factor, potentially mitigating negative experiences during the transition to motherhood. Thus, the findings highlight the clinical importance of prenatal interventions to foster body appreciation during pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101990"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101991
Yu Zhang , Sihan Xiong , Nisha Yao , Jing Chen
Social media exposes young women to body-related content that can influence how they perceive their bodies. Given its broad influence, understanding when and how such exposure harms or improves body image is essential for supporting mental health. This meta-analysis synthesized experimental evidence to examine the causal effects of two types of content: body-ideal content promoting beauty standards and body-positive content encouraging acceptance. We also tested whether platform modality (image-based platforms such as Instagram vs. video-based platforms such as TikTok) moderated these effects. The analysis included 20 experimental studies involving 3603 young female participants. Exposure to body-positive content significantly improved body satisfaction (Cohen’s d = 0.20, p < .001), whereas exposure to body-ideal content significantly decreased it (Cohen’s d = −0.29, p < .001). Notably, video-based platforms intensified the negative effect: TikTok body-ideal content produced larger declines (d = −0.45) than Instagram image body-ideal content (d = −0.25). For body-positive content, effect sizes were similar across platforms (d = 0.21 vs. d = 0.20), although the number of available studies was limited. These findings provide causal evidence for the effects of social media exposure on body image and highlight platform modality as an important moderator. Body-positive content appears promising for digital interventions to promote body satisfaction, while the particularly harmful impact of body-ideal videos underscores the need to reduce exposure to such content in video-based environments.
社交媒体让年轻女性接触到与身体有关的内容，这会影响她们对自己身体的看法。鉴于其广泛的影响，了解这种接触何时以及如何损害或改善身体形象对于支持心理健康至关重要。本荟萃分析综合实验证据来检验两类内容的因果效应：促进审美标准的身体理想内容和鼓励接受的身体积极内容。我们还测试了平台模式（基于图像的平台，如Instagram与基于视频的平台，如TikTok）是否会缓解这些影响。该分析包括20项实验研究，涉及3603名年轻女性参与者。暴露于身体阳性内容显著提高了身体满意度(Cohen’s d = 0.20, p
{"title":"Social media and body image in young women: A meta-analysis of experimental studies on video- versus image-based platforms","authors":"Yu Zhang , Sihan Xiong , Nisha Yao , Jing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social media exposes young women to body-related content that can influence how they perceive their bodies. Given its broad influence, understanding when and how such exposure harms or improves body image is essential for supporting mental health. This meta-analysis synthesized experimental evidence to examine the causal effects of two types of content: body-ideal content promoting beauty standards and body-positive content encouraging acceptance. We also tested whether platform modality (image-based platforms such as Instagram vs. video-based platforms such as TikTok) moderated these effects. The analysis included 20 experimental studies involving 3603 young female participants. Exposure to body-positive content significantly improved body satisfaction (Cohen’s <em>d</em> = 0.20, <em>p</em> < .001), whereas exposure to body-ideal content significantly decreased it (Cohen’s <em>d</em> = −0.29, <em>p</em> < .001). Notably, video-based platforms intensified the negative effect: TikTok body-ideal content produced larger declines (<em>d</em> = −0.45) than Instagram image body-ideal content (<em>d</em> = −0.25). For body-positive content, effect sizes were similar across platforms (<em>d</em> = 0.21 vs. <em>d</em> = 0.20), although the number of available studies was limited. These findings provide causal evidence for the effects of social media exposure on body image and highlight platform modality as an important moderator. Body-positive content appears promising for digital interventions to promote body satisfaction, while the particularly harmful impact of body-ideal videos underscores the need to reduce exposure to such content in video-based environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101991"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101986
Bobo L. Josephson , Kristina Holmqvist Gattario , Johanna Kling , Niva Piran
This mixed methods study examined experience of embodiment in individuals with trauma. The participants, 201 women, 13 men, and 24 gender minorities (Mage = 37.68, SD = 10.74) with trauma, completed an online questionnaire that included measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, experience of embodiment, and an open-ended question asking them to describe their relationship with their bodies. Quantitative findings indicated a positive association between PTSD symptoms and negative experience of embodiment. Multiple regression analyses were conducted among the women sample only, with results indicating PTSD symptoms of negative alterations in cognitions and mood as unique predictors of experience of embodiment. The qualitative findings further described the participants’ relationships with their bodies through five themes: (I) The body is a place of pain, discomfort, and dissatisfaction; (II) The body and the self are separate; (III) Difficulties with the gaze of others; (IV) The trauma is in the body; and (V) Self-care, acceptance, and positive experiences of the body. We conclude that individuals with trauma report a breadth of disruptions in the way that they inhabit their bodies, yet they also attempt to foster positive embodiment, for example through attuned physical activities. Our findings suggest that clinical practice among individuals with experience(s) of trauma should address how they process and experience negative feelings in and toward their bodies.
{"title":"“My body is not mine”: A mixed methods study on trauma and the experience of embodiment","authors":"Bobo L. Josephson , Kristina Holmqvist Gattario , Johanna Kling , Niva Piran","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This mixed methods study examined experience of embodiment in individuals with trauma. The participants, 201 women, 13 men, and 24 gender minorities (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 37.68, <em>SD</em> = 10.74) with trauma, completed an online questionnaire that included measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, experience of embodiment, and an open-ended question asking them to describe their relationship with their bodies. Quantitative findings indicated a positive association between PTSD symptoms and negative experience of embodiment. Multiple regression analyses were conducted among the women sample only, with results indicating PTSD symptoms of negative alterations in cognitions and mood as unique predictors of experience of embodiment. The qualitative findings further described the participants’ relationships with their bodies through five themes: (I) The body is a place of pain, discomfort, and dissatisfaction; (II) The body and the self are separate; (III) Difficulties with the gaze of others; (IV) The trauma is in the body; and (V) Self-care, acceptance, and positive experiences of the body. We conclude that individuals with trauma report a breadth of disruptions in the way that they inhabit their bodies, yet they also attempt to foster positive embodiment, for example through attuned physical activities. Our findings suggest that clinical practice among individuals with experience(s) of trauma should address how they process and experience negative feelings in and toward their bodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101986"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101980
Asher Salom , Celeste Tipple
As social media continues to promote unrealistic beauty standards, the body positive movement has gained prominence, promoting acceptance of diverse body types. This study investigated the effectiveness of body positive short-form videos in increasing body satisfaction. Specifically, it was hypothesised that viewing body positive short-form videos would lead to a significant increase in body satisfaction (H1), and that this increase would significantly differ between genders (H2). Additionally, it was hypothesised that levels of trait physical appearance comparison would significantly influence the effectiveness of these videos in improving body satisfaction (H3). To investigate these hypotheses, the present study employed a single-group pretest-posttest design with 135 participants aged 18–29 years (44 men, M age = 24.8; 91 women, M age = 24.8). Participants watched 7.5 min of body-positive short-form videos, with body satisfaction assessed pre- and post-exposure and trait appearance comparison measured at baseline. A robust mixed-design ANOVA was used to test H1 and H2, revealing a significant increase in body satisfaction after viewing body positive videos, with no significant difference between genders. A one-way ANCOVA tested H3, indicating that physical appearance comparison levels did not influence the effectiveness of body positive videos in increasing body satisfaction. The findings of this study highlight the potential of body positive short-form videos as an easily accessible intervention for increasing body satisfaction and challenges the applicability of appearance comparisons within this context, however, the lack of a control group limits causal inferences about the specific effects of body-positive content.
{"title":"Reframing the reflection: Can body positive videos boost body satisfaction?","authors":"Asher Salom , Celeste Tipple","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As social media continues to promote unrealistic beauty standards, the body positive movement has gained prominence, promoting acceptance of diverse body types. This study investigated the effectiveness of body positive short-form videos in increasing body satisfaction. Specifically, it was hypothesised that viewing body positive short-form videos would lead to a significant increase in body satisfaction (H1), and that this increase would significantly differ between genders (H2). Additionally, it was hypothesised that levels of trait physical appearance comparison would significantly influence the effectiveness of these videos in improving body satisfaction (H3). To investigate these hypotheses, the present study employed a single-group pretest-posttest design with 135 participants aged 18–29 years (44 men, <em>M</em> age = 24.8; 91 women, <em>M</em> age = 24.8). Participants watched 7.5 min of body-positive short-form videos, with body satisfaction assessed pre- and post-exposure and trait appearance comparison measured at baseline. A robust mixed-design ANOVA was used to test H1 and H2, revealing a significant increase in body satisfaction after viewing body positive videos, with no significant difference between genders. A one-way ANCOVA tested H3, indicating that physical appearance comparison levels did not influence the effectiveness of body positive videos in increasing body satisfaction. The findings of this study highlight the potential of body positive short-form videos as an easily accessible intervention for increasing body satisfaction and challenges the applicability of appearance comparisons within this context, however, the lack of a control group limits causal inferences about the specific effects of body-positive content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101980"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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