Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101763
Liam Cahill , Mohammed Malik , Bethany A. Jones , A. Treshi-Marie Perera , Daragh T. McDermott
Previous body image research often grouped both gay and bisexual men into a single category: sexual minoritised men, limiting our understanding of how sexual identity influences body image. However, there is strong reason to believe that bisexual and gay men experience distinct body image concerns. Here, we explored motivations to alter one’s leanness and muscularity, as well as (dis)satisfaction with body fat, muscularity, height and penis size, and functionality appreciation across gay, bisexual, and straight cisgender men. We sampled 378 white participants aged 18 to 85 (nbisexual = 125, ngay = 128, nstraight = 125). We found that bisexual men were significantly less motivated to be lean and showed lower muscularity dissatisfaction relative to gay men but showed comparable levels to straight men. Our findings demonstrate that despite research perceiving the body image of bisexual and gay men as homogenous, they experience differences in their body image concerning leanness and muscularity dissatisfaction. Future body image research should incorporate this understanding by not artificially grouping bisexual and gay cisgender men and instead acknowledging the potential uniqueness in their experiences.
{"title":"Tackling bisexual erasure: An explorative comparison of bisexual, gay and straight cisgender men’s body image","authors":"Liam Cahill , Mohammed Malik , Bethany A. Jones , A. Treshi-Marie Perera , Daragh T. McDermott","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous body image research often grouped both gay and bisexual men into a single category: sexual minoritised men, limiting our understanding of how sexual identity influences body image. However, there is strong reason to believe that bisexual and gay men experience distinct body image concerns. Here, we explored motivations to alter one’s leanness and muscularity, as well as (dis)satisfaction with body fat, muscularity, height and penis size, and functionality appreciation across gay, bisexual, and straight cisgender men. We sampled 378 white participants aged 18 to 85 (<em>n</em><sub>bisexual</sub> = 125, <em>n</em><sub>gay</sub> = 128, <em>n</em><sub>straight</sub> = 125). We found that bisexual men were significantly less motivated to be lean and showed lower muscularity dissatisfaction relative to gay men but showed comparable levels to straight men. Our findings demonstrate that despite research perceiving the body image of bisexual and gay men as homogenous, they experience differences in their body image concerning leanness and muscularity dissatisfaction. Future body image research should incorporate this understanding by not artificially grouping bisexual and gay cisgender men and instead acknowledging the potential uniqueness in their experiences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144524000858/pdfft?md5=32055c85d2bc344e9af332ad71aca427&pid=1-s2.0-S1740144524000858-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101762
Jaz Burstall , Kian Jin Tan , Xochitl de la Piedad Garcia , Joel R. Anderson
Body image concerns are prevalent within transgender communities – many transgender people engage in disordered eating to suppress or accentuate secondary sex characteristics and reduce gender dysphoria. However, this research has mostly been conducted with binary transgender people. Here, we examine how non-binary people experience and relate to their bodies. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted with 13 gender non-binary individuals living in Australia. Photo elicitation techniques were utilised, and the transcribed interview data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Six themes were identified: Expansive Understandings of Body Image, Body Image can be Linked to Gender Dysphoria, Cultivating a Preferred Body can Lead to Gender Euphoria, Appreciating Diversity in Non-Binary Body Ideals, The Androgynous Body Ideal is not Universally Accepted, and Experiencing the Body as Functional rather than Aesthetic. The present findings highlight the diversity of experiences of body image for non-binary people. The non-binary concept of body image was found to be expansive, stressing various physical attributes involved in social gender recognition and physiological sources of gender dysphoria. Some participants valued gender-affirming medical intervention, others were accepting of their bodies as they are, attributing their body confidence to the process of affirming their non-binary gender.
{"title":"Experiences of body image in the gender non-binary community: A qualitative analysis","authors":"Jaz Burstall , Kian Jin Tan , Xochitl de la Piedad Garcia , Joel R. Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Body image concerns are prevalent within transgender communities – many transgender people engage in disordered eating to suppress or accentuate secondary sex characteristics and reduce gender dysphoria. However, this research has mostly been conducted with binary transgender people. Here, we examine how non-binary people experience and relate to their bodies. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted with 13 gender non-binary individuals living in Australia. Photo elicitation techniques were utilised, and the transcribed interview data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Six themes were identified: <em>Expansive Understandings of Body Image, Body Image can be Linked to Gender Dysphoria, Cultivating a Preferred Body can Lead to Gender Euphoria, Appreciating Diversity in Non-Binary Body Ideals, The Androgynous Body Ideal is not Universally Accepted,</em> and <em>Experiencing the Body as Functional rather than Aesthetic.</em> The present findings highlight the diversity of experiences of body image for non-binary people. The non-binary concept of body image was found to be expansive, stressing various physical attributes involved in social gender recognition and physiological sources of gender dysphoria. Some participants valued gender-affirming medical intervention, others were accepting of their bodies as they are, attributing their body confidence to the process of affirming their non-binary gender.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144524000846/pdfft?md5=d55d0c26f9d97ed18b8f364eb8b6888b&pid=1-s2.0-S1740144524000846-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101751
Anne Nileshni Fernando, Bronwyn Dwyer, Alisha Randhawa, Gemma Sharp
Within body image research, genital body image has not received significant attention. This project aimed to explore how positive genital body image could be fostered among people with a penis by co-designing and developing an educational resource. Participants were 22 people in Australia who identified as having a penis and were involved in three phases of co-design focus groups. Thematic and content analyses were used to generate themes across the data with each phase informing the next, culminating in a prototype resource being shown to participants in the final phase. Amongst the predominantly cisgender men sample, there was consensus that a brief, animated, educational video could have potential in promoting a positive genital body image in people with a penis. For video content, participants were not supportive of challenging societal messaging around penis size that “bigger is better”. Instead, participants supported the inclusion of information about the range of penile functions, promoting acceptance of penile size/appearance and that fulfilling intimate relationships were possible irrespective of penis size. The feedback was positive overall for the final prototype video. To our knowledge, we describe the first co-designed educational resource for people with a penis and contribute to the understanding of this understudied topic.
{"title":"The co-design and acceptability of a genital body image educational video for people with a penis","authors":"Anne Nileshni Fernando, Bronwyn Dwyer, Alisha Randhawa, Gemma Sharp","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Within body image research, genital body image has not received significant attention. This project aimed to explore how positive genital body image could be fostered among people with a penis by co-designing and developing an educational resource. Participants were 22 people in Australia who identified as having a penis and were involved in three phases of co-design focus groups. Thematic and content analyses were used to generate themes across the data with each phase informing the next, culminating in a prototype resource being shown to participants in the final phase. Amongst the predominantly cisgender men sample, there was consensus that a brief, animated, educational video could have potential in promoting a positive genital body image in people with a penis. For video content, participants were not supportive of challenging societal messaging around penis size that “bigger is better”. Instead, participants supported the inclusion of information about the range of penile functions, promoting acceptance of penile size/appearance and that fulfilling intimate relationships were possible irrespective of penis size. The feedback was positive overall for the final prototype video. To our knowledge, we describe the first co-designed educational resource for people with a penis and contribute to the understanding of this understudied topic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144524000731/pdfft?md5=5952b9f1c50008da3e8742854408dce5&pid=1-s2.0-S1740144524000731-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101753
Nicole Paraskeva , Sharon Haywood , Farheen Hasan , Dasha Nicholls , Mireille B. Toledano , Phillippa C. Diedrichs
Social media influencers are popular among adolescents and could offer a unique way to reach young people at scale with body image interventions. This study explored girls’ and influencers’ views on having influencers deliver body image interventions through vlogs (video blogs) and to gain insight into their preferred format, content, and views on factors that encourage engagement with vlogs. Twenty-one UK based participants were recruited. Three online focus groups were conducted with adolescent girls (n = 16) aged 14–18 years and one with influencers (n = 5) aged 24–33 years, who had a collective following of over 1.5 million subscribers across social media platforms. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and four themes were generated: Choosing an influencer whose messages and core values are aligned with the topic of body image; the importance of influencer authenticity and personal experience; collaborating on content creation with mental health professionals; and the need for long-form (i.e., 10–20 min) content to address serious topics. Findings suggest having influencers deliver body image interventions to young people could be a useful approach. Results highlight the need to engage with end users from the outset of intervention development to increase the likelihood of intervention effectiveness and engagement.
{"title":"An exploration of having social media influencers deliver a first-line digital intervention to improve body image among adolescent girls: A qualitative study","authors":"Nicole Paraskeva , Sharon Haywood , Farheen Hasan , Dasha Nicholls , Mireille B. Toledano , Phillippa C. Diedrichs","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social media influencers are popular among adolescents and could offer a unique way to reach young people at scale with body image interventions. This study explored girls’ and influencers’ views on having influencers deliver body image interventions through vlogs (video blogs) and to gain insight into their preferred format, content, and views on factors that encourage engagement with vlogs. Twenty-one UK based participants were recruited. Three online focus groups were conducted with adolescent girls (<em>n</em> = 16) aged 14–18 years and one with influencers (<em>n</em> = 5) aged 24–33 years, who had a collective following of over 1.5 million subscribers across social media platforms. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and four themes were generated: Choosing an influencer whose messages and core values are aligned with the topic of body image; the importance of influencer authenticity and personal experience; collaborating on content creation with mental health professionals; and the need for long-form (i.e., 10–20 min) content to address serious topics. Findings suggest having influencers deliver body image interventions to young people could be a useful approach. Results highlight the need to engage with end users from the outset of intervention development to increase the likelihood of intervention effectiveness and engagement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101747
Bethany J. Ridley , Piers L. Cornelissen , Nadia Maalin , Sophie Mohamed , Robin S.S. Kramer , Kristofor McCarty , Martin J. Tovée
There has been an assumption in the literature that the three concepts of ideal body shape (personal ideal, cultural ideal, and the most attractive body shape) are effectively the same percept. To test this presumption, 554 participants completed either a between- or within-subjects condition using a matrix of 32 bodies varying in two dimensions: muscle and adiposity. Three separate groups of participants were recruited to the between-subjects design and made only one of these judgements, whilst participants in the within-subjects version completed all three of these judgments. These bodies are based on 3D scans of 221 women’s bodies and so accurately represent the change in size and shape caused by changing body composition. The participants also completed a set of psychometric questionnaires to index the degree to which external concepts of body image have been internalised. The results show that in both conditions, all three judgements collapse onto the same average preferred body shape, with low adiposity and relatively high muscularity. However, this masked systematic differences in responses between personal ideals and the other body judgements, which may be explained by a difference in how information directly related to oneself is processed relative to more abstract third person judgements.
文献中有一种假设,即理想体形的三个概念(个人理想体形、文化理想体形和最有吸引力的体形)实际上是同一个概念。为了验证这一假设,554 名参与者使用由 32 个人体组成的矩阵(肌肉和脂肪含量两个维度各不相同),完成了主体间或主体内条件测试。在主体间设计中,分别招募了三组参与者,他们只做了其中一个判断,而在主体内设计中,参与者则完成了所有三个判断。这些身体是根据 221 名女性身体的 3D 扫描结果制作的,因此准确地反映了身体成分变化引起的尺寸和形状变化。参与者还完成了一组心理测量问卷,以了解身体形象的外部概念被内化的程度。结果显示,在这两种情况下,所有三种判断都会折叠到相同的平均偏好体形上,即低脂肪和相对较高的肌肉。然而,这掩盖了个人理想和其他身体判断之间的系统性反应差异,这可能是由于处理与自己直接相关的信息的方式不同于处理更抽象的第三人判断。
{"title":"Personal ideal, cultural ideal and optimal attractiveness: Are these constructs for body size and shape the same or different?","authors":"Bethany J. Ridley , Piers L. Cornelissen , Nadia Maalin , Sophie Mohamed , Robin S.S. Kramer , Kristofor McCarty , Martin J. Tovée","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There has been an assumption in the literature that the three concepts of ideal body shape (personal ideal, cultural ideal, and the most attractive body shape) are effectively the same percept. To test this presumption, 554 participants completed either a between- or within-subjects condition using a matrix of 32 bodies varying in two dimensions: muscle and adiposity. Three separate groups of participants were recruited to the between-subjects design and made only one of these judgements, whilst participants in the within-subjects version completed all three of these judgments. These bodies are based on 3D scans of 221 women’s bodies and so accurately represent the change in size and shape caused by changing body composition. The participants also completed a set of psychometric questionnaires to index the degree to which external concepts of body image have been internalised. The results show that in both conditions, all three judgements collapse onto the same average preferred body shape, with low adiposity and relatively high muscularity. However, this masked systematic differences in responses between personal ideals and the other body judgements, which may be explained by a difference in how information directly related to oneself is processed relative to more abstract third person judgements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101752
Catalina R. Pacheco , Hayley VanderJagt , Kelsey N. Serier , Kirsten P. Peterson , Jane Ellen Smith
Although positive body image is associated with mental and physical health benefits, there is a relative dearth of research investigating the psychometric properties of commonly used measures of positive body image among Hispanic/Latina women in the United States. The current study explored the psychometric properties of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015a) and the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS; Alleva et al., 2017) in undergraduate women. Altogether 565 undergraduates (n = 386 Hispanic/Latina; n = 179 non-Hispanic White [NHW]) completed the BAS-2, FAS, and demographic questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and measurement invariance testing across ethnicity was conducted on each measure. The CFA confirmed the 1-factor, 10-item model of the BAS-2 among Hispanic/Latina women but indicated a less than adequate model fit for the FAS which improved after correlating the residuals of items 6 and 7. Measurement invariance testing revealed evidence of partial scalar invariance of the BAS-2 and full invariance of the FAS across ethnicity. There were no significant mean differences between groups on the measures. These analyses indicate acceptable psychometric properties of the BAS-2 and FAS among Hispanic/Latina women. Nonetheless, they did suggest potentially meaningful group differences in how these items behaved, which warrant further exploration.
{"title":"Measurement invariance of two measures of positive body image among Hispanic/Latina undergraduate women","authors":"Catalina R. Pacheco , Hayley VanderJagt , Kelsey N. Serier , Kirsten P. Peterson , Jane Ellen Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although positive body image is associated with mental and physical health benefits, there is a relative dearth of research investigating the psychometric properties of commonly used measures of positive body image among Hispanic/Latina women in the United States. The current study explored the psychometric properties of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015a) and the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS; Alleva et al., 2017) in undergraduate women. Altogether 565 undergraduates (<em>n</em> = 386 Hispanic/Latina; <em>n</em> = 179 non-Hispanic White [NHW]) completed the BAS-2, FAS, and demographic questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and measurement invariance testing across ethnicity was conducted on each measure. The CFA confirmed the 1-factor, 10-item model of the BAS-2 among Hispanic/Latina women but indicated a less than adequate model fit for the FAS which improved after correlating the residuals of items 6 and 7. Measurement invariance testing revealed evidence of partial scalar invariance of the BAS-2 and full invariance of the FAS across ethnicity. There were no significant mean differences between groups on the measures. These analyses indicate acceptable psychometric properties of the BAS-2 and FAS among Hispanic/Latina women. Nonetheless, they did suggest potentially meaningful group differences in how these items behaved, which warrant further exploration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101754
Kate E. Mulgrew , Angela Hinz , Megan Bray , Celine M.H. Jona , Katharina M.D. Merollini
Functionality appreciation and body compassion are empirically supported concepts that can help one to view their body in different and compassionate ways. However, they have yet to be applied to eating disorder (ED) samples and therefore it is important to explore the perceived benefit, risk, and nuance in this population. Semi-structured interviews (N = 25) were conducted with treatment providers, those with a lived experience of an ED, or history of body image distress. Usefulness, applicability, potential risks, benefits, and desired delivery format were probed. Thematic analysis was used. Participants reported that compassion and functionality approaches were useful, complement existing treatment approaches, and important for early intervention. Although considered safe, caveats were noted for ED samples, including introducing content at the right time (e.g., when medically stable), and when having the cognitive flexibility to think about one’s body in different ways. For example, functionality appreciation could trigger thoughts about what one's body cannot do while compassion may allow for normalising negative thoughts. Both concepts were viewed as useful and safe to support positive body image at a community level and can be used with ED samples with additional support. This insight from potential users helps with co-design of appropriate content.
功能欣赏和身体同情是得到经验支持的概念,可以帮助人们以不同和同情的方式看待自己的身体。然而,它们尚未被应用于饮食失调症(ED)样本,因此,在这一人群中探索其感知到的益处、风险和细微差别非常重要。我们对治疗提供者、有进食障碍生活经历或身体形象困扰史的人进行了半结构化访谈(N = 25)。访谈内容包括实用性、适用性、潜在风险、益处以及所需的授课形式。采用了主题分析法。参与者表示,同情和功能性方法非常有用,是对现有治疗方法的补充,对于早期干预非常重要。尽管他们认为这种方法是安全的,但也指出了针对 ED 样本的注意事项,包括在适当的时候(如病情稳定时)引入内容,以及在具有认知灵活性时以不同的方式思考自己的身体。例如,对功能的欣赏可能会引发对自己身体所不能做的事情的思考,而同情则可能使消极的想法正常化。这两个概念都被认为是在社区层面支持积极身体形象的有用和安全的方法,可以在额外支持下用于 ED 样本。潜在用户的这种见解有助于共同设计适当的内容。
{"title":"A qualitative analysis of the usefulness, risks, and challenges of incorporating functionality and body compassion into the prevention and treatment of eating disorders","authors":"Kate E. Mulgrew , Angela Hinz , Megan Bray , Celine M.H. Jona , Katharina M.D. Merollini","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Functionality appreciation and body compassion are empirically supported concepts that can help one to view their body in different and compassionate ways. However, they have yet to be applied to eating disorder (ED) samples and therefore it is important to explore the perceived benefit, risk, and nuance in this population. Semi-structured interviews (<em>N</em> = 25) were conducted with treatment providers, those with a lived experience of an ED, or history of body image distress. Usefulness, applicability, potential risks, benefits, and desired delivery format were probed. Thematic analysis was used. Participants reported that compassion and functionality approaches were useful, complement existing treatment approaches, and important for early intervention. Although considered safe, caveats were noted for ED samples, including introducing content at the right time (e.g., when medically stable), and when having the cognitive flexibility to think about one’s body in different ways. For example, functionality appreciation could trigger thoughts about what one's body <em>cannot</em> do while compassion may allow for normalising negative thoughts. Both concepts were viewed as useful and safe to support positive body image at a community level and can be used with ED samples with additional support. This insight from potential users helps with co-design of appropriate content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141303576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101738
Jessica F. Saunders , Sarah Nutter , Rachel Waugh , K. Alix Hayden
Objectification theory has been instrumental in better understanding risk for eating disorders, depression, and sexual dysfunction, with self-objectification and body shame as serial mediators leading to these outcomes. Although originally proposed to explain these mental health outcomes in heterosexual women, researchers have extended objectification theory to individuals of various ages, racial identities, and sexual and gender identities. We conducted a systematic literature review of empirical peer-reviewed published research examining the relationship between the constructs of self-objectification, body dissatisfaction, and body shame in adult, youth, and LGBTQ+ samples. Our search yielded 5200 results, of which 318 met inclusion criteria. Of the papers included in this review, 26 reported correlations with sexual and gender diverse samples, 43 reported correlations with youth samples, and 249 reported correlations with samples of general adults (non-sexual or gender minorities). The meta-analyses yielded significant, moderate, positive correlations between body dissatisfaction and self-objectification, and between body shame and self-objectification, for each of the sub-samples. The majority of samples were predominantly White and cisgender female, suggesting the need for additional research examining these constructs among racial and gender minority populations. Overall, the results of this review highlight the unique contributions of body shame and body dissatisfaction to self-objectifying behaviors, and identify the moderating role of race and gender in these interrelations.
{"title":"Testing body-related components of objectification theory: A meta-analysis of the relations between body shame, self-objectification, and body dissatisfaction","authors":"Jessica F. Saunders , Sarah Nutter , Rachel Waugh , K. Alix Hayden","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Objectification theory has been instrumental in better understanding risk for eating disorders, depression, and sexual dysfunction, with self-objectification and body shame as serial mediators leading to these outcomes. Although originally proposed to explain these mental health outcomes in heterosexual women, researchers have extended objectification theory to individuals of various ages, racial identities, and sexual and gender identities. We conducted a systematic literature review of empirical peer-reviewed published research examining the relationship between the constructs of self-objectification, body dissatisfaction, and body shame in adult, youth, and LGBTQ+ samples. Our search yielded 5200 results, of which 318 met inclusion criteria. Of the papers included in this review, 26 reported correlations with sexual and gender diverse samples, 43 reported correlations with youth samples, and 249 reported correlations with samples of general adults (non-sexual or gender minorities). The meta-analyses yielded significant, moderate, positive correlations between body dissatisfaction and self-objectification, and between body shame and self-objectification, for each of the sub-samples. The majority of samples were predominantly White and cisgender female, suggesting the need for additional research examining these constructs among racial and gender minority populations. Overall, the results of this review highlight the unique contributions of body shame and body dissatisfaction to self-objectifying behaviors, and identify the moderating role of race and gender in these interrelations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101749
Gritt Ladwig, Julia A. Tanck, Hannah L. Quittkat, Silja Vocks
This online experimental study investigates the effects of the social media trends “fitspiration” (images of thin-muscular women promoting health and fitness), “body positivity” (images of larger female bodies motivating women to love their bodies), and “body neutrality” (illustrations encouraging women to appreciate the body’s functions) on body dissatisfaction and affect in women with and without eating disorders (ED). Women with (n = 172) and women without ED (n = 210) were randomly assigned to the conditions “fitspiration”, “body positivity”, and text-based “body neutrality”, each comprising the presentation of 30 Instagram posts. Before and after viewing the posts, participants answered state questionnaires on body dissatisfaction and affect. The results revealed that body dissatisfaction increased after viewing “fitspiration” images and decreased after viewing “body positivity” and text-based “body neutrality” posts. Positive affect decreased following exposure to “fitspiration” and text-based “body neutrality” but remained unchanged following “body positivity”. Negative affect decreased following “body positivity” and text-based “body neutrality” content but did not change following exposure to “fitspiration”. There was no differential effect on women with versus without ED. This study demonstrates harmful effects of “fitspiration” on body image and affect, indicating the need for prevention programs for both women with and without ED.
{"title":"Risks and benefits of social media trends: The influence of “fitspiration”, “body positivity”, and text-based “body neutrality” on body dissatisfaction and affect in women with and without eating disorders","authors":"Gritt Ladwig, Julia A. Tanck, Hannah L. Quittkat, Silja Vocks","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This online experimental study investigates the effects of the social media trends “fitspiration” (images of thin-muscular women promoting health and fitness), “body positivity” (images of larger female bodies motivating women to love their bodies), and “body neutrality” (illustrations encouraging women to appreciate the body’s functions) on body dissatisfaction and affect in women with and without eating disorders (<em>ED</em>). Women with (<em>n</em> = 172) and women without ED (<em>n</em> = 210) were randomly assigned to the conditions “fitspiration”, “body positivity”, and text-based “body neutrality”, each comprising the presentation of 30 Instagram posts. Before and after viewing the posts, participants answered state questionnaires on body dissatisfaction and affect. The results revealed that body dissatisfaction increased after viewing “fitspiration” images and decreased after viewing “body positivity” and text-based “body neutrality” posts. Positive affect decreased following exposure to “fitspiration” and text-based “body neutrality” but remained unchanged following “body positivity”. Negative affect decreased following “body positivity” and text-based “body neutrality” content but did not change following exposure to “fitspiration”. There was no differential effect on women with versus without ED. This study demonstrates harmful effects of “fitspiration” on body image and affect, indicating the need for prevention programs for both women with and without ED.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144524000718/pdfft?md5=c26497aad1ab5ef7df3a16d1df5cc81a&pid=1-s2.0-S1740144524000718-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101741
Nichole L. Wood-Barcalow , Jessica M. Alleva , Tracy L. Tylka
In this position paper, we review nonacademic and academic discourse on body neutrality, a recent concept that has spread from social media platforms into scientific publications. This discourse has (inaccurately) promulgated that body neutrality is distinct from and more realistic than positive body image and body positivity. We identify and challenge 10 myths found within this discourse: (1) positive body image and body positivity are the same and therefore interchangeable, (2) positive body image isn’t realistic or attainable, (3) we should forget about body positivity and positive body image, (4) body neutrality is a new way of thinking about body image, (5) body neutrality is unique from positive body image and positivity, (6) body neutrality is a more realistic and inclusive alternative to positive body image and body positivity, (7) body neutrality is different from positive body image but we can still use the research on positive body image to support body neutrality, (8) body neutrality is a midpoint between negative body image and positive body image, (9) striving for body neutrality is sufficient, and (10) appearance can be disregarded. We offer recommendations applicable to researchers, clinicians, media, and the general public interested in body neutrality.
{"title":"Revisiting positive body image to demonstrate how body neutrality is not new","authors":"Nichole L. Wood-Barcalow , Jessica M. Alleva , Tracy L. Tylka","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this position paper, we review nonacademic and academic discourse on body neutrality, a recent concept that has spread from social media platforms into scientific publications. This discourse has (inaccurately) promulgated that body neutrality is distinct from and more realistic than positive body image and body positivity. We identify and challenge 10 myths found within this discourse: (1) positive body image and body positivity are the same and therefore interchangeable, (2) positive body image isn’t realistic or attainable, (3) we should forget about body positivity and positive body image, (4) body neutrality is a new way of thinking about body image, (5) body neutrality is unique from positive body image and positivity, (6) body neutrality is a more realistic and inclusive alternative to positive body image and body positivity, (7) body neutrality is different from positive body image but we can still use the research on positive body image to support body neutrality, (8) body neutrality is a midpoint between negative body image and positive body image, (9) striving for body neutrality is sufficient, and (10) appearance can be disregarded. We offer recommendations applicable to researchers, clinicians, media, and the general public interested in body neutrality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144524000639/pdfft?md5=13e8d50122709e00a31cf412e03840f7&pid=1-s2.0-S1740144524000639-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}