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Daily trajectories of evening recovery experiences and their role for next-day mood. 晚间恢复体验的日常轨迹及其对第二天情绪的影响。
IF 5.1 1区 心理学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000359
Maike Arnold, Anne Casper, Sabine Sonnentag

Focusing on the definition of recovery as a process, we examined how the four core recovery experiences (i.e., psychological detachment, relaxation, control, and mastery) develop during the evening. We tested whether the specific developments of recovery experiences are important for next-day favorable mood states-beyond the mean levels of recovery experiences. We collected data from 92 employees who completed daily morning and afternoon surveys over 10 workdays. In the morning surveys, we implemented the day-reconstruction method to assess detailed information about employees' recovery experiences during several episodes of the previous evening. Our final data set included 477 morning surveys with a total of 1,998 episodes and 383 afternoon surveys. Multilevel growth curve analyses showed that, in general, psychological detachment, relaxation, and control follow a positive linear trend and mastery a negative quadratic trend during the evening. Moreover, path analyses showed that the day-level increase of psychological detachment is important for next-day mood. Specifically, we found that after evenings during which employees experienced a higher increase in psychological detachment than they usually did, they had higher favorable mood states in the subsequent afternoon. Further, our results did not support associations between day-level slopes of relaxation, control, and mastery as well as next-day mood. Hence, our study demonstrates that recovery experiences systematically change during an evening and that this change is partially relevant for next-afternoon mood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

专注于将恢复定义为一个过程,我们研究了四种核心恢复体验(即心理超然、放松、控制和掌握)在晚上是如何发展的。我们测试了恢复体验的具体发展是否对第二天的良好情绪状态比恢复体验的平均水平更重要。我们收集了92名员工的数据,他们在10个工作日内完成了每天上午和下午的调查。在上午的调查中,我们采用了日间重建方法来评估前一天晚上几次事件中员工康复经历的详细信息。我们的最终数据集包括477次上午调查,共1998次,383次下午调查。多层次生长曲线分析表明,总体而言,夜间心理超然、放松和控制呈正线性趋势,掌握呈负二次趋势。此外,通径分析表明,心理超然的日水平增加对次日情绪有重要影响。具体来说,我们发现,在员工经历了比平时更高的心理超然感的夜晚之后,他们在接下来的下午会有更高的良好情绪状态。此外,我们的研究结果并不支持放松、控制和掌握的一天水平斜率与第二天情绪之间的关联。因此,我们的研究表明,恢复体验在晚上会发生系统性的变化,这种变化与第二天下午的情绪部分相关。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of leadership levels and gender on leader well-being. 领导水平和性别对领导者幸福感的影响。
IF 5.1 1区 心理学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000361
Jing Hu, Tony Huiquan Zhang, Chris J Jackson

Previous research examining differences in levels of well-being between leaders and nonleaders has yielded mixed results. To explain the inconsistencies, we compare levels of well-being among nonleaders, mid-level leaders, and high-level leaders. Drawing from the job demands-resources model (Bakker & Demerouti, 2007, 2017) and the expanded version proposed by Crawford et al. (2010), we anticipate mid-level leaders will have lower levels of well-being compared to senior leaders and nonleaders, and females will be more vulnerable than males in mid-level leadership. In Study 1, we use multilevel models and propensity score matching (N = 24,067) and find mid-level leaders have worse general health conditions compared to nonleaders and high-level leaders, and that this effect is more pronounced among females. In Study 2, we collect experience sampling data from workers (N = 86; 1,634 observations) who completed a short survey four times daily for five consecutive working days. Mid-level leaders report more end-of-day negative emotions than high-level leaders and nonleaders, mediated by higher job demands and lower levels of job control to combat the negative effects of job demands; an effect that is particularly pronounced among female respondents. In Study 3, we use a two-wave time-lagged survey study (N = 330) and find middle managers have more challenge and hindrance job demands than nonleaders, and insufficient job control to offset the negative effects of job demands. Female middle managers report the most physical health symptoms and enjoy less eudaemonic well-being than their male counterparts. We conclude that leadership levels and gender have important and overlooked impacts on well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

先前的研究考察了领导者和非领导者之间幸福感水平的差异,结果喜忧参半。为了解释这种不一致性,我们比较了非领导人、中层领导人和高层领导人的幸福感水平。根据工作需求-资源模型(Bakker&Demerouti,20072017)和Crawford等人提出的扩展版本。(2010),我们预计,与高级领导和非领导相比,中层领导的幸福感水平将较低,在中层领导中,女性将比男性更脆弱。在研究1中,我们使用了多层次模型和倾向得分匹配(N=24067),发现与非领导者和高层领导者相比,中层领导者的总体健康状况更差,而且这种影响在女性中更为明显。在研究2中,我们收集了工人的经验抽样数据(N=86;1634次观察),他们连续五个工作日每天完成四次简短调查。中层领导比高层领导和非领导报告更多的负面情绪,这是由更高的工作需求和更低的工作控制水平来调节的,以对抗工作需求的负面影响;这种影响在女性受访者中尤为明显。在研究3中,我们使用了两波时间滞后的调查研究(N=330),发现中层管理者比非领导者有更多的挑战和阻碍工作需求,并且没有足够的工作控制来抵消工作需求的负面影响。女性中层管理者报告的身体健康症状最多,享受的幸福感不如男性。我们得出的结论是,领导水平和性别对幸福感有着重要而被忽视的影响。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Supplemental Material for Daily Trajectories of Evening Recovery Experiences and Their Role for Next-Day Mood 晚间恢复体验的日常轨迹补充材料及其对第二天情绪的作用
IF 5.1 1区 心理学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000359.supp
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引用次数: 0
What are the active ingredients in recovery activities? Introducing a dimensional approach. 恢复活动的有效成分是什么?引入维度方法。
IF 5.1 1区 心理学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000354
Khalid M Alameer, Sjir Uitdewilligen, Ute R Hülsheger

Although previous research suggests that off-job activities are generally important for recovery from work stress, a profound understanding of which aspects of recovery activities benefit the recovery process and why is still lacking. In the present work, we introduce a dimensional approach toward studying recovery activities and present a taxonomy of key recovery activity dimensions (physical, mental, social, spiritual, creative, virtual, and outdoor). Across four studies (total N = 908) using cross-sectional, time-lagged, and a diary design, we develop and validate the Recovery Activity Characteristics (RAC) questionnaire, a multidimensional measure of RAC. Results demonstrate its content validity, high scale reliabilities, and a strong factor structure. With a 10-day diary study involving two daily measurement occasions, we demonstrate the role of RAC for recovery experiences and downstream well-being outcomes. Findings underscore the importance of carefully differentiating the active ingredients of recovery activities as they differentially relate to same evening and next-morning exhaustion and vigor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

尽管先前的研究表明,工作之外的活动通常对从工作压力中恢复很重要,但对于恢复活动的哪些方面有利于恢复过程以及为什么有利于恢复过程的深刻理解仍然缺乏。在目前的工作中,我们引入了一种维度方法来研究恢复活动,并提出了一种关键恢复活动维度的分类(身体、心理、社会、精神、创造性、虚拟和户外)。在四项研究(总N = 908)中,我们使用横断面、时间滞后和日记设计,开发并验证了恢复活动特征(RAC)问卷,这是RAC的多维测量。结果表明,其内容效度高,量表信度高,因子结构强。通过一项为期10天的日记研究,包括两个日常测量场合,我们证明了RAC对恢复体验和下游幸福感结果的作用。研究结果强调了仔细区分恢复活动的有效成分的重要性,因为它们与当天晚上和第二天早上的疲惫和活力有不同的关系。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2023 APA,版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Planning engagement with web resources to improve diet quality and break up sedentary time for home-working employees: A mixed methods study. 计划利用网络资源提高饮食质量,减少在家工作员工的久坐时间:混合方法研究。
IF 5.9 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000356
Dawn Holford, Gianluca Tognon, Valerie Gladwell, Kelly Murray, Mark Nicoll, Angela Knox, Rachel McCloy, Vanessa Loaiza

As home working becomes more common, employers may struggle to provide health promotion interventions that can successfully bridge the gap between employees' intentions to engage in healthier behaviors and actual action. Based on past evidence that action planning can successfully encourage the adoption of healthier behaviors, this mixed-methods study of a web-based self-help intervention incorporated a randomized planning trial that included quantitative measures of engagement and follow-up qualitative interviews with a subsample of participants. Participants either (a) selected a movement plan for incorporating a series of 2-min exercise videos into their work week to break up sedentary time and a balanced meal plan with recipe cards for a week's lunches and dinners or (b) received access to these resources without a plan. Selecting a movement plan was more effective at increasing engagement with the web resources compared to the no-plan condition. In the follow-up interviews, participants indicated that the plan helped to remind participants to engage with the resources and made it simpler for them to follow the guidance for exercises and meals. Ease of use and being able to fit exercises and meals around work tasks were key factors that facilitated uptake of the resources, while lack of time and worries about how colleagues would perceive them taking breaks to use the resources were barriers to uptake. Participants' self-efficacy was associated with general resource use but not plan adherence. Overall, including plans with online self-help resources could enhance their uptake. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

随着在家工作变得越来越普遍,雇主可能很难提供能够成功弥合员工参与健康行为的意愿与实际行动之间差距的健康促进干预措施。过去有证据表明,行动规划可以成功地鼓励人们采取更健康的行为,基于这一证据,本研究对基于网络的自助干预措施进行了混合方法研究,其中包括一项随机规划试验,该试验包括对参与度的定量测量以及对参与者子样本的后续定性访谈。参与者要么(a)选择一个运动计划,将一系列 2 分钟的运动视频融入一周的工作中,以打散久坐的时间;要么(b)选择一个平衡膳食计划,包括一周午餐和晚餐的食谱卡;要么(b)在没有计划的情况下获得这些资源。与没有计划的情况相比,选择运动计划能更有效地提高网络资源的参与度。在后续访谈中,参与者表示,计划有助于提醒参与者使用资源,并使他们更容易按照指导进行锻炼和进餐。易于使用以及能够在工作任务之余进行锻炼和进餐是促进使用资源的关键因素,而没有时间和担心同事会认为他们在休息时间使用资源则是使用资源的障碍。参与者的自我效能与一般资源的使用有关,但与计划的坚持无关。总的来说,在计划中加入在线自助资源可以提高计划的使用率。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of a Total Worker Health intervention on workplace safety: Mediating effects of sleep and supervisor support for sleep. 全面员工健康干预对工作场所安全的影响:睡眠和主管对睡眠的支持的中介作用。
IF 5.9 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000357
Rebecca M Brossoit, Leslie B Hammer, Tori L Crain, Jordyn J Leslie, Todd E Bodner, Krista J Brockwood

We tested the effects of a randomized controlled trial Total Worker Health intervention on workplace safety outcomes. The intervention targeted employee sleep at both the supervisor-level (e.g., sleep-specific support training) and employee-level (e.g., sleep tracking and individualized sleep feedback). The intervention components were developed using principles of the Total Worker Health approach and the theory of triadic influence for health behaviors. We hypothesized that employees in the treatment group would report greater safety compliance, safety participation, and safety motivation, and would be less likely to experience a work-related accident or injury following the intervention through improvements in sleep quantity and quality, as well as increased perceptions of supervisors' support for sleep. It was theorized that the indirect effects of the intervention on workplace safety outcomes via sleep mediators operated through a resource pathway, whereas the supervisor support for sleep mediator operated through an exchange pathway. Results broadly revealed that employees in the treatment group, compared to those in the control group, reported greater workplace safety behaviors and safety motivation, and reduced workplace accidents and injuries 9 months post-baseline, through lower dissatisfaction with sleep, reduced sleep-related impairments, and greater supervisor support for sleep 4 months post-baseline. Intervening on sleep and supervisor support for sleep in an integrated Total Worker Health framework can have a positive impact on workplace safety. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

我们测试了一项随机对照试验——全面工人健康干预对工作场所安全结果的影响。干预针对的是主管层面的员工睡眠(例如,睡眠专项支持培训)和员工层面的睡眠(例如睡眠跟踪和个性化睡眠反馈)。干预组成部分是使用全面工人健康方法的原则和健康行为的三元影响理论开发的。我们假设,治疗组的员工会报告更高的安全合规性、安全参与度和安全动机,并且在干预后,通过改善睡眠数量和质量,以及增加对主管睡眠支持的认知,他们不太可能发生与工作有关的事故或受伤。理论上,干预通过睡眠中介对工作场所安全结果的间接影响是通过资源途径实现的,而主管对睡眠中介的支持是通过交换途径实现的。结果广泛显示,与对照组相比,治疗组的员工报告了更高的工作场所安全行为和安全动机,并在基线后9个月减少了工作场所事故和伤害,这是因为他们对睡眠的不满程度更低,睡眠相关障碍减少,并且在基线后4个月增加了主管对睡眠的支持。在一个综合的全面员工健康框架中,干预睡眠和主管对睡眠的支持可以对工作场所安全产生积极影响。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Sweet dreams are made of this: A person-centered approach toward understanding the role of sleep in chronic fatigue. 甜蜜的梦是这样做的:以人为本的方法来理解睡眠在慢性疲劳中的作用。
IF 5.1 1区 心理学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000355
Eka Gatari, Bram P I Fleuren, Fred R H Zijlstra, Ute R Hülsheger

Previous studies show that sleep is essential in preventing symptoms related to chronic levels of fatigue. In the present study, we move beyond the traditional variable-centered approach and adopt a person-centered approach by considering antecedents and outcomes of sleep profiles. Specifically, we consider job characteristics (i.e., workload, job control, and their interaction) as predictors of sleep profiles and indicators of chronic fatigue (i.e., prolonged fatigue and burnout) as outcomes. In establishing sleep profiles, we consider levels as well as the variability of the sleep dimensions across a week. Based on daily diary data from 296 Indonesian employees, the present article uses latent profile analysis to identify sleep profiles based on both weekly averages of several sleep dimensions (i.e., sleep quality, fragmentation, duration, bedtime, and wake-up time) and their intraindividual variability. Moreover, it explores the relationship between the identified profiles to prolonged fatigue and burnout 2 weeks later as outcomes, as well as to baseline workload, job control, and their interaction as predictors. We find four different profiles ("Average Sleepers," "Deep Owls," "Short Sleep Compensators," and "Restless Erratic Sleepers"). While workload, job control, and their interaction could not predict profile membership, these profiles relate differently to prolonged fatigue and burnout. As such, our study shows the importance of understanding the combination of sleep levels and variability across a week through sleep profiles, and how they differentially relate to symptoms of chronic fatigue. Our findings also highlight the need to study indicators of sleep variability alongside sleep levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

先前的研究表明,睡眠对于预防慢性疲劳症状至关重要。在目前的研究中,我们超越了传统的以变量为中心的方法,通过考虑睡眠概况的前因和结果,采用了以人为中心的方法。具体来说,我们将工作特征(即工作量、工作控制及其相互作用)视为睡眠特征的预测因素,并将慢性疲劳(即长时间疲劳和倦怠)的指标作为结果。在建立睡眠档案时,我们考虑了一周内睡眠维度的水平和可变性。基于296名印尼员工的日常日记数据,本文使用潜在剖面分析来识别基于几个睡眠维度(即睡眠质量、碎片化、持续时间、就寝时间和起床时间)的周平均值及其个体差异性的睡眠剖面。此外,它还探讨了确定的概况与2周后延长疲劳和倦怠之间的关系,以及基线工作量、工作控制和它们之间的相互作用作为预测因子。我们发现了四种不同的概况(“平均睡眠者”,“深猫头鹰”,“短睡眠补偿者”和“不安的不稳定睡眠者”)。虽然工作量、工作控制及其相互作用不能预测档案成员,但这些档案与长期疲劳和倦怠有不同的关系。因此,我们的研究表明,通过睡眠概况了解一周内睡眠水平和变化的结合,以及它们与慢性疲劳症状的不同关系,是非常重要的。我们的发现还强调了研究睡眠水平和睡眠变异性指标的必要性。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2023 APA,版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Supplemental Material for Running Toward My Challenges: Day-Level Effects of Physical Activity Before Work on Appraisal of the Upcoming Workday and Employee Well-Being 《迎接我的挑战:工作前体育活动对即将到来的工作日和员工幸福感的评估的日水平影响》补充材料
IF 5.1 1区 心理学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000360.supp
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引用次数: 0
"When the medium massages perceptions: Personal (vs. public) displays of information reduce crowding perceptions and outsider mistreatment of frontline staff": Correction. “当媒体按摩感知:个人(与公共)信息展示减少拥挤的感知和外部对一线员工的虐待”:更正。
IF 5.1 1区 心理学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000336
Jean-Nicolas Reyt, Dorit Efrat-Treister, Daniel Altman, Chen Shapira, Arie Eisenman, Anat Rafaeli

Reports an error in "When the medium massages perceptions: Personal (vs. public) displays of information reduce crowding perceptions and outsider mistreatment of frontline staff" by Jean-Nicolas Reyt, Dorit Efrat-Treister, Daniel Altman, Chen Shapira, Arie Eisenman and Anat Rafaeli (Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2022[Feb], Vol 27[1], 164-178). In the original article, changes were needed to the labels under the images in the Appendix. Personal media were mistakenly labeled as public and vice versa. The four legends, from left to right, top to bottom, should be "Low crowding, public medium," "Low crowding, personal medium," "High crowding, public medium," and "High crowding, personal medium." The results and conclusions are unchanged. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2022-30403-003). Crowded waiting areas are volatile environments, where seemingly ordinary people often get frustrated and mistreat frontline staff. Given that crowding is an exogenous factor in many industries (e.g., retail, healthcare), we suggest an intervention that can "massage" outsiders' perceptions of crowding and reduce the mistreatment of frontline staff. We theorize that providing information for outsiders to read while they wait on a personal medium (e.g., a leaflet, a smartphone) reduces their crowding perceptions and mistreatment of frontline staff, compared to providing the same information on a public medium (e.g., poster, wall sign). We report two studies that confirm our theory: A field experiment in Emergency Departments (n = 939) and an online experiment simulating a coffee shop (n = 246). Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

由Jean-Nicolas Reyt, Dorit Efrat-Treister, Daniel Altman, Chen Shapira, Arie Eisenman和Anat Rafaeli撰写的“当媒介影响感知:个人(与公共)信息展示减少拥挤感知和外部人员对一线员工的虐待”(《职业健康心理学杂志》,2022年[2],Vol 27[1], 164-178)。在原文中,需要修改附录中图片下的标签。个人媒体被误认为是公共媒体,反之亦然。这四个图例,从左到右,从上到下,应该是"低拥挤,公共媒体" "低拥挤,个人媒体" "高拥挤,公共媒体"和"高拥挤,个人媒体"结果和结论不变。本文的在线版本已被更正。(以下原文摘要出现在记录2022-30403-003)拥挤的等候区是一个不稳定的环境,在那里看似普通的人经常感到沮丧和虐待一线工作人员。鉴于拥挤是许多行业(如零售、医疗保健)的外生因素,我们建议采取干预措施,“按摩”外部人员对拥挤的看法,减少对一线员工的虐待。我们的理论是,与在公共媒体(如海报、墙牌)上提供相同的信息相比,在外人等待时为他们提供个人媒体(如传单、智能手机)的信息可以减少他们的拥挤感和对一线员工的虐待。我们报告了两项证实我们理论的研究:急诊部门的现场实验(n = 939)和模拟咖啡店的在线实验(n = 246)。讨论了理论和管理意义。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2023 APA,版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Crafting and human energy: Needs-based crafting efforts across life domains shape employees' daily energy trajectories. 加工和人的能量:基于需求的加工跨越生活领域的努力塑造员工的日常能量轨迹。
IF 5.1 1区 心理学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000347
Merly Kosenkranius, Floor Rink, Oliver Weigelt, Jessica de Bloom

We use experience sampling methodology and adopt the integrative needs model of crafting to investigate employees' daily energy trajectories, and to test whether employees' energy can be conserved or increased throughout the day through the proactive behavioral strategy of needs-based crafting. We first examine the daily trajectories of energy and then investigate the role of employees' daily crafting efforts (at work and in their private lives) in managing their energy throughout the day. Finally, we explore the daily within-person trajectories of needs-based crafting. We tested our hypotheses on a sample of 110 employees providing data on four nonconsecutive days (resulting in 2,358 observations nested in 396 days). Continuous growth curve analyses confirmed that energy follows an inverted U-shaped pattern of increasing energy until noon, after which energy steadily decreased until bedtime. However, daily crafting efforts contributed to these change trajectories: On days when employees crafted more than average, their energy was higher, particularly in the morning and afternoon. These positive crafting effects disappeared toward the end of the day, before bedtime. Crafting followed a linear trajectory, increasing over the course of the day, suggesting that it is a proactive strategy people also engage in outside of work. This suggests that domain-spanning needs-based crafting could be an important proactive strategy to maintain higher energy throughout an entire working day, even in the afternoon, when energy normally starts to fall. Our research contributes to our understanding of the nature of energy and of the microdynamic, within-person energy effects of general crafting efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

我们采用经验抽样方法,采用综合需求加工模型,考察员工的日常能量轨迹,并通过基于需求的加工的主动行为策略,检验员工的能量是否可以在一天中保持或增加。我们首先检查日常的能量轨迹,然后调查员工的日常努力(在工作和私人生活中)在全天管理他们的能量方面的作用。最后,我们探讨了基于需求的手工制作的日常内部轨迹。我们在110名员工的样本上测试了我们的假设,这些员工在四个非连续的天提供数据(结果是在396天内嵌套了2358个观察结果)。连续增长曲线分析证实,能量遵循倒u型模式,直到中午能量增加,之后能量稳定下降,直到睡觉时间。然而,每天精心制作的工作促成了这些变化轨迹:在员工精心制作超过平均水平的日子里,他们的精力更充沛,尤其是在上午和下午。这些积极的加工效果在一天结束的时候,在睡觉前就消失了。手工制作遵循线性轨迹,在一天的过程中增加,这表明这是一种人们在工作之外也会参与的主动策略。这表明,基于需求的跨领域加工可能是一种重要的主动策略,可以在整个工作日保持较高的精力,即使是在精力通常开始下降的下午。我们的研究有助于我们理解能量的本质和微动力学,以及一般手工制作工作对人的能量影响。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2023 APA,版权所有)。
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引用次数: 2
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Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
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