Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103716
Wei TANG , Yuan WANG , Jiameng WU
This paper aims to disentangle the roles of information frictions and career incentives of local officials in the allocation of government contracts. Drawing on a unique dataset including both winning and losing bidders of public procurement auctions in China, we document a strong local bias in the contract allocation. These patterns are hardly reconciled with explanations rooted in information frictions or corruption. Instead, we highlight the role of local leaders’ career incentives, presenting evidence that local favoritism is more pronounced in localities with more incentivized mayors. Our findings prompt a reconsideration of the effectiveness of bureaucratic discretion in allocating public resources. (JEL H57, H77, H72, D73, R51)
{"title":"Local favoritism in China's public procurement: Information frictions or incentive distortion?","authors":"Wei TANG , Yuan WANG , Jiameng WU","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to disentangle the roles of information frictions and career incentives of local officials in the allocation of government contracts. Drawing on a unique dataset including both winning and losing bidders of public procurement auctions in China, we document a strong local bias in the contract allocation. These patterns are hardly reconciled with explanations rooted in information frictions or corruption. Instead, we highlight the role of local leaders’ career incentives, presenting evidence that local favoritism is more pronounced in localities with more incentivized mayors. Our findings prompt a reconsideration of the effectiveness of bureaucratic discretion in allocating public resources. (JEL H57, H77, H72, D73, R51)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 103716"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103709
Malte Borghorst , Ismir Mulalic , Jos van Ommeren
We demonstrate that women with children are much more likely to leave their job when they have a long commute, which is not true for men. Interpreting these results through the lens of a dynamic search model, we demonstrate that commuting costs increase substantially for women after they have children. For women with children, a 12 kilometer increase in commuting distance induces costs equivalent to about 20% of their wage.
{"title":"Commuting, gender and children","authors":"Malte Borghorst , Ismir Mulalic , Jos van Ommeren","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate that women with children are much more likely to leave their job when they have a long commute, which is not true for men. Interpreting these results through the lens of a dynamic search model, we demonstrate that commuting costs increase substantially for women after they have children. For women with children, a 12 kilometer increase in commuting distance induces costs equivalent to about 20% of their wage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103709"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103715
Ting Chen , Yizhen Gu , Ben Zou
Using commuting flows derived from cellphone location data at fine geographical levels, this paper presents the first delineation of China’s commuting-based metropolitan areas (MAs). The size distribution of those MAs follows a power law, with larger MAs hosting more skilled workers, more productive firms, and offering higher wage premiums. China’s commuting-based MAs exhibit a few notable features compared to several other large countries. First, commutes are short in both time and distance and rarely cross administrative boundaries. Second, China’s MAs are small relative to the size of the country, with MA sizes highly correlated with the administrative hierarchy. We discuss existing policies that may have contributed to these characteristics. We demonstrate that commuting-based MAs differ substantively from other definitions of Chinese cities. The commuting-based MAs provide a valuable tool for researchers who need to define Chinese cities as local labor markets but are limited by the availability of official delineations.
{"title":"China’s commuting-based metropolitan areas","authors":"Ting Chen , Yizhen Gu , Ben Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using commuting flows derived from cellphone location data at fine geographical levels, this paper presents the first delineation of China’s commuting-based metropolitan areas (MAs). The size distribution of those MAs follows a power law, with larger MAs hosting more skilled workers, more productive firms, and offering higher wage premiums. China’s commuting-based MAs exhibit a few notable features compared to several other large countries. First, commutes are short in both time and distance and rarely cross administrative boundaries. Second, China’s MAs are small relative to the size of the country, with MA sizes highly correlated with the administrative hierarchy. We discuss existing policies that may have contributed to these characteristics. We demonstrate that commuting-based MAs differ substantively from other definitions of Chinese cities. The commuting-based MAs provide a valuable tool for researchers who need to define Chinese cities as local labor markets but are limited by the availability of official delineations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103715"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103713
Stuart S. Rosenthal , William C. Strange
{"title":"JUE 2007–2023: Rising impact","authors":"Stuart S. Rosenthal , William C. Strange","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103713","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103713"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103711
J. Vernon Henderson , Jacques-François Thisse
{"title":"Urban and spatial economics after 50 years","authors":"J. Vernon Henderson , Jacques-François Thisse","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103711","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103711"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103714
Ian Herzog
This paper studies effects of London’s Congestion Charge on regional traffic, commuting, and economic activity’s spatial distribution. London began tolling drivers into its central business district in 2003 and I find that the policy reduced traffic on untolled roads leading downtown. I build this effect into a quantitative model with heterogeneous skills, endogenous mode choice, and traffic externalities to examine effects on commuters. Simulations suggest that London’s Congestion Charge incentivizes driving to untolled workplaces and gives the region’s commuters positive net benefits. I also find that benefits are progressive because the policy reduces traffic where low-skill commuters live and work.
{"title":"The city-wide effects of tolling downtown drivers: Evidence from London’s congestion charge","authors":"Ian Herzog","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies effects of London’s Congestion Charge on regional traffic, commuting, and economic activity’s spatial distribution. London began tolling drivers into its central business district in 2003 and I find that the policy reduced traffic on untolled roads leading downtown. I build this effect into a quantitative model with heterogeneous skills, endogenous mode choice, and traffic externalities to examine effects on commuters. Simulations suggest that London’s Congestion Charge incentivizes driving to untolled workplaces and gives the region’s commuters positive net benefits. I also find that benefits are progressive because the policy reduces traffic where low-skill commuters live and work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103712
Jan K. Brueckner
{"title":"Journal of Urban Economics, 1991–2007","authors":"Jan K. Brueckner","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103712","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103712"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103710
Nathaniel Baum-Snow , Kristian Behrens
{"title":"Forward to the Special Issue “Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Journal of Urban Economics”","authors":"Nathaniel Baum-Snow , Kristian Behrens","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103710","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103710"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103708
Melanie Krause , André Seidel
Studying the components of neighborhood population density reveals a complex picture that little is known about. Hidden under the same level of population density, neighborhoods can vastly differ in crowding, if residential coverage or building heights are moving in opposite directions. We study this heterogeneity in density components and how it is linked to the variation in neighborhood socio-economic characteristics that define modern cities. To do so, we use novel high-resolution (10 m 10 m) geo-spatial data on building height and footprints in combination with Norwegian register data. This data allows us to decompose the variation of density into its components, as well as along various margins. We identify urban spatial structures with a latent profile analysis. These data-driven density profiles turn out to be strongly associated with the sorting of people by socio-economic characteristics, such as income and demographic variables. Our results show that below the surface of density, there is the so-far unknown potential to learn about the prevalence and geography of socio-economic groups in the absence of micro-level data.
{"title":"Unlocking neighborhood density","authors":"Melanie Krause , André Seidel","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studying the components of neighborhood population density reveals a complex picture that little is known about. Hidden under the same level of population density, neighborhoods can vastly differ in crowding, if residential coverage or building heights are moving in opposite directions. We study this heterogeneity in density components and how it is linked to the variation in neighborhood socio-economic characteristics that define modern cities. To do so, we use novel high-resolution (10 m <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 10 m) geo-spatial data on building height and footprints in combination with Norwegian register data. This data allows us to decompose the variation of density into its components, as well as along various margins. We identify urban spatial structures with a latent profile analysis. These data-driven density profiles turn out to be strongly associated with the sorting of people by socio-economic characteristics, such as income and demographic variables. Our results show that below the surface of density, there is the so-far unknown potential to learn about the prevalence and geography of socio-economic groups in the absence of micro-level data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103708"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103707
Oscar Erixson , Jakob Granath , Xiao Hu , Mattias Öhman
We combine administrative data on socioeconomic status (SES) with high-resolution data on residential locations, local pollution levels, industrial facilities, as well as land cover information to investigate whether exposure to airborne toxic metals (arsenic, lead, and mercury) is unequally distributed within the population of newborn children in Sweden. We find that the spatial distribution of SES among newborns weakly correlates with the distribution of toxic metals at the national level and in the largest cities, indicating negligible sorting in this dimension. If anything, high SES children are disproportionately more exposed, residing in urban areas with higher levels of traffic and industrial activities. This leads us to conclude that environmental injustice regarding airborne arsenic, lead, and mercury exposure is not a major concern in Sweden.
{"title":"Toxic Metal Injustice? Socioeconomic status at birth and exposure to airborne pollution","authors":"Oscar Erixson , Jakob Granath , Xiao Hu , Mattias Öhman","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2024.103707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We combine administrative data on socioeconomic status (SES) with high-resolution data on residential locations, local pollution levels, industrial facilities, as well as land cover information to investigate whether exposure to airborne toxic metals (arsenic, lead, and mercury) is unequally distributed within the population of newborn children in Sweden. We find that the spatial distribution of SES among newborns weakly correlates with the distribution of toxic metals at the national level and in the largest cities, indicating negligible sorting in this dimension. If anything, high SES children are disproportionately more exposed, residing in urban areas with higher levels of traffic and industrial activities. This leads us to conclude that environmental injustice regarding airborne arsenic, lead, and mercury exposure is not a major concern in Sweden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103707"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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