Journal of Urban Economics最新文献

英文中文

Why do right to carry laws increase violence? Effects on gun theft and clearance rates

IF 5.7 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103761

John J. Donohue , Samuel V. Cai , Matthew V. Bondy , Philip J. Cook

Since the 1970s most state restrictions on carrying handguns in public have been eased or eliminated. Several of the early impact evaluations of these changes tended to support the belief that laws that facilitated gun carrying by private citizens deterred violent crime (while possibly increasing property crime). But more recent studies of the impacts of right to carry (RTC) laws conclude that the net effect is to increase state-level violent-crime rates relative to more restrictive regimes. This finding implies that the deterrence mechanism is swamped by other mechanisms, but there has been little evidence on which ones are important in practice. Using a novel data set of 217 large cities over 41 years, we confirm that violent crime increases following RTC adoption. We then document two mechanisms that may account for this result, finding a 50 percent increase in gun theft and a 9-18 percent reduction in violent crime clearance rates. Further analysis of city-level heterogeneity in RTC-induced effects is consistent with the hypothesis that gun theft is a likely cause of the RTC-induced increase in violent crime and more tentative evidence points to clearance as a potential driver.

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引用次数: 0

Tax policy and the heterogeneous costs of homeownership

IF 5.7 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103750

Kelly C. Bishop , Jakob Dowling , Nicolai V. Kuminoff , Alvin D. Murphy

The real economic cost of homeownership depends on an intricate system of taxes and subsides that vary over time and across the United States. We incorporate the key features of this system into a framework for measuring the annual user cost of housing and we use it to document how housing costs and subsidies varied over time, across space, and with household demographics in 2016–2017. Then we examine how the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 subsequently reduced subsidies and increased the relative cost of housing. We report how these changes varied by geography, homeownership, race, income, and voting behavior.

引用次数: 0

The effect of water filtration on cholera mortality

IF 5.7 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103752

Daniel Knutsson

This paper examines how water filtration and distribution helped reduce mortality during a cholera outbreak. Using household water contract records and individual mortality data, I analyze the impact of filtered water with an event study approach. The results show that having access to filtered water at home greatly reduced the risk of death. This suggests that water filtration and distribution were key public health measures in lowering mortality from waterborne diseases in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Improvements in urban water systems could have played a major role in the decline of cholera outbreaks and mortality during this period.

引用次数: 0

JUE insight: Efficiency of bus priority infrastructure

IF 5.7 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103751

Felipe González , Hugo E. Silva

We use bus GPS data across 500 routes to estimate the impact of priority infrastructure on buses’ speed and ridership in Chile. Almost 100 million bus trips allow us to leverage within-route variation in the proportion of the route in which buses travel along bus lanes or Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) corridors. Corridors increase bus speeds by 20% at peak hours. Bus lanes, often seen as an equally effective but cheaper alternative to a BRT corridor, are, on average, ineffective. However, bus lanes achieve the same travel time savings as BRT corridors only when fully isolated from private vehicles, coupled with monitoring cameras and enforcement.

引用次数: 0

Analyzing political preferences of second-generation immigrants across the rural–urban divide

IF 5.7 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103740

Simone Moriconi , Giovanni Peri , Riccardo Turati

This paper analyzes the political preferences of immigrants’ offspring in relation to the rural–urban divide of political preferences in European countries. Using data on individual voting behavior and political preferences in 22 European countries between 2001 and 2017, we analyze whether second-generation immigrants have different preferences on a left–right political spectrum, relative to other natives. We show that they have a significant left-wing preference after controlling for a large set of individual characteristics and origin fixed effects. In spite of their concentration in urban areas, where native residents are also more left-leaning than the average, this difference is not a result of their location, as the difference is particularly strong in non-urban areas. Second-generation immigrants are also more likely to be politically active, to participate in demonstrations or petitions and to exhibit stronger preferences for inequality-reducing government intervention, internationalism and multiculturalism. Growing up with an immigrant father experiencing challenges in his labor market integration seems to be the stronger predictor of the left-wing preference of second-generation.

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引用次数: 0

Long-term effects of weather-induced migration on urban labor and housing markets

IF 5.7 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103739

Matias Busso, Juan Pablo Chauvin

This paper explores the effects of weather-induced rural–urban migration on labor and housing market outcomes of urban residents in Brazil. In order to identify causal effects, it uses weather shocks to the rural municipalities of origin of migrants. We show that larger migration shocks led to an increase in employment growth and a reduction in wage growth of 4 and 5 percent, respectively. The increased migration flows also affected the housing market in destination cities. On average, it led to 4 percent faster growth of the housing stock, accompanied by 6 percent faster growth in housing rents. These effects vary sharply by housing quality. We find a substantial positive effect on the growth rates of the most penurious housing units (with no effect on rents) and a negative effect on the growth of housing units in the next quality tier (with a positive effect on rents). This suggests that rural immigration growth slowed down housing-quality upgrading in destination cities.

引用次数: 0

The effect of macroprudential policies on homeownership: Evidence from Switzerland

IF 5.7 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103749

Elio Bolliger , Adrian Bruhin , Andreas Fuster , Maja Ganarin

This paper studies how the introduction of macroprudential policies in the Swiss residential mortgage market affected the propensity of households to become homeowners. We exploit a unique administrative data set of individual tax records containing detailed financial and socio-demographic information. We show that the mean share of renter households transitioning into homeownership decreased from 3.4% per year in the five years prior to the introduction of macroprudential policies to 3.0% per year in the five years afterward. This decrease is more pronounced for young and middle-aged households with relatively low income and wealth, suggesting that it is at least partly due to a tightening in borrowing constraints. Moreover, intergenerational transfers in the form of predeath bequests have become more important for homebuying both at the extensive and intensive margin.

引用次数: 0

Roads, internal migration and the spatial sorting of U.S. high-skill workers

IF 5.7 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103735

Florin Cucu

This article studies the effects of a major transport infrastructure project, the construction of the U.S. Interstate Highway System (IHS), on the location choices and welfare of high-skill and low-skill workers. In its first part, the article provides reduced-form evidence that the IHS altered the skill composition of metropolitan areas. Event study and instrumental variable regressions show that better-connected cities experienced higher growth in their adult population and share of college-educated residents. Additional results highlight the role played by lower travel times, inter-state migration, and agglomeration economies. The second part of the article rationalizes these patterns using a quantitative spatial model with costly trade, heterogeneous migration costs, and agglomeration economies. Counterfactual experiments show that increasing travel times to their pre-IHS values would lower the expected utility of high-skill workers by an average of 6.1% and that of low-skill workers by 6.4%. These effects exhibit significant variation across cities and, within cities, across skill groups. The findings in this article highlight how transport infrastructure shapes the distribution of skills and the spatial patterns of welfare inequality.

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引用次数: 0

Long-distance water infrastructure, rural development and urban growth: Evidence from China

IF 5.7 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103736

Xiaomeng Cui , Wangyang Lai , Tao Lin

Water is unevenly distributed across regions, yet the effectiveness of long-distance water transfer in addressing this issue remains understudied. This paper employs a difference-in-difference design to examine the impact of the world’s largest water transfer project on water resources, rural development, and urban growth. We find that the project enhances water supply and agricultural production in water-receiving areas, while it leads to agricultural declines in water-sourcing areas. Such diverging patterns contribute to various consequences on labor market and rural welfare, thereby generating further differential impacts on nearby urban growth. The water-receiving areas witness urban expansion and economic activities thrive in the rural-urban fringe, but in the water-sourcing areas, economic activities decline outside the core urban areas. Further analysis reveals significant heterogeneity between the two water-transfer routes, distinguished by their engineering designs.

引用次数: 0

Reducing the burden of mental illness on the criminal justice system: Evidence from light-touch outreach

IF 5.7 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2024.103734

Mary Kate Batistich, William N. Evans, David C. Phillips

One quarter of people in jail have a serious mental illness (SMI); we study a county in a multi-state area that screens all inmates to identify those with one. Immediately after jail exit, county staff attempt to contact and connect these individuals to a mental healthcare provider, making successful connections in one in four cases. As outreach began on a specific date and residents of neighboring counties are ineligible for outreach, we compare residents and non-residents exiting the same jail over time in a difference-in-differences design. When the program begins, 180-day recidivism rates fall by 12 percentage points more for eligible residents than for would-be-eligible non-residents. Measured effects at one year are consistent with a persistent impact over time. We also find suggestive evidence that recidivism effects are larger for people without a history of mental healthcare.

引用次数: 0

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