Business Horizons最新文献

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Best Article Award: Business Horizons 2024 最佳文章奖：Business Horizons 2024

IF 7 3区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Business Horizons

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2025.03.001

引用次数: 0

Assessing peace and social impacts through local human security business partnerships 通过当地人类安全业务伙伴关系评估和平与社会影响

IF 5.8 3区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Business Horizons

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2025.03.004

Mark van Dorp, Mary Martin, Vesna Bojicic-Dzelilovic

As competing guidelines and standards to encourage responsible business behavior and social impact management proliferate (e.g., the Do No Significant Harm principle and ESG standards), companies and investors are struggling to define basic concepts and devise usable methodologies for operating in fragile and conflict-affected settings. Objectives are framed using large, general terms like peace and sustainable development. Even organizations that aspire to positive social and environmental impacts toward peacebuilding find their ambitions thwarted when global frameworks must be translated into the messy and chaotic conditions on the ground. In this article, we outline an approach using forward-looking human security partnerships between business and local stakeholders to identify and assess the potential peace value and risks of business interventions as they materialize over time. Next, we outline lessons from Colombia and the Democratic Republic of Congo and suggest how businesses can use novel governance arrangements to design and measure social impacts that build peace via improvements to human security.

随着鼓励负责任的商业行为和社会影响管理的竞争性指导方针和标准的激增（例如，无重大伤害原则和ESG标准），公司和投资者正在努力定义基本概念，并设计出在脆弱和受冲突影响的环境中运作的可用方法。目标是用诸如和平和可持续发展之类的大而笼统的术语来制定的。即使是那些渴望对建设和平产生积极的社会和环境影响的组织也发现，当全球框架必须转化为现场混乱和混乱的情况时，他们的雄心壮志也受到了阻碍。在本文中，我们概述了一种方法，利用企业和当地利益相关者之间的前瞻性人类安全伙伴关系，识别和评估随着时间的推移，企业干预的潜在和平价值和风险。接下来，我们概述了哥伦比亚和刚果民主共和国的经验教训，并建议企业如何利用新的治理安排来设计和衡量通过改善人类安全来构建和平的社会影响。

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引用次数: 0

Business survival strategies in a polycrisis: SME experiences from Beirut, Lebanon 多重危机下的企业生存策略：来自黎巴嫩贝鲁特的中小企业经验

IF 5.8 3区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Business Horizons

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2025.03.002

Jamal Maalouf , Jason Miklian , Kristian Hoelscher

Most existing literature on business and crisis frames a crisis as a singular event that a business must navigate to survive or thrive. What we do not know is how firms survive through a series of intersecting and overlapping crises (i.e., a polycrisis environment) and how their strategies differ when operating amid perpetual crises. In Lebanon, overlapping crises grounded in weak political institutions, economic instability, and disasters have profoundly impacted small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Beirut SMEs operate in a complex urban environment, where neighboring conflicts, urban insecurity, and sectarian divisions impact operations. These firms are often promoted in economic development discourses as engines of resilient livelihood creation, but do SMEs negotiate these conditions in productive ways for the community, and can a perpetual crisis operating mentality deliver positive societal or economic dividends? This article addresses these questions by developing a framework that conceptualizes SME strategies for perpetual crises that draws on 34 in-depth qualitative interviews with SME owners in Beirut. We found that SMEs use nuanced strategies to contend with multidimensional crises that are distinct from singular crisis approaches and discuss how urban crises may shape our understanding of SMEs as peace and development actors. We use these findings to advance theory on the role of SMEs in perpetual crisis and on how survival strategies in such settings can upend business resilience.

大多数关于商业和危机的现有文献都将危机定义为企业必须应对的单一事件，以生存或繁荣。我们不知道的是企业如何在一系列交叉和重叠的危机中生存下来（即，多危机环境），以及它们在永久危机中运作时的战略如何不同。在黎巴嫩，由于政治制度薄弱、经济不稳定和灾害造成的多重危机深刻地影响了中小企业。贝鲁特中小企业在复杂的城市环境中开展业务，周边冲突、城市不安全以及宗派分歧都会影响业务。在经济发展的话语中，这些公司经常被视为创造弹性生计的引擎，但中小企业是否以有效的方式为社区谈判这些条件？持久的危机经营心态能否带来积极的社会或经济红利？本文通过开发一个框架来解决这些问题，该框架将中小企业应对永久性危机的战略概念化，该框架借鉴了对贝鲁特中小企业所有者的34次深入定性访谈。我们发现，中小企业使用微妙的策略来应对不同于单一危机方法的多维危机，并讨论了城市危机如何影响我们对中小企业作为和平与发展行动者的理解。我们利用这些发现来推进关于中小企业在持续危机中的作用的理论，以及在这种情况下生存策略如何颠覆商业弹性。

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引用次数: 0

Small and medium enterprises in Colombia’s journey to peace 中小企业在哥伦比亚的和平之旅

IF 5.8 3区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Business Horizons

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2025.02.012

Veneta Andonova, Juana García, Angela Rivas

Private companies are expected to support the mitigation and prevention of conflict and to make significant contributions to peacebuilding in troubled parts of the world. These companies’ resources are diverse, as are their approaches to contributing to peace. Our research delves into peace studies, political science, and management literature to bring to the fore the theoretical frameworks that elucidate the role of different business organizations in peacebuilding, highlighting the contribution and strategies of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Utilizing multiple correspondence analysis on survey data collected from businesses following the peace agreement signed between the Colombian government and the FARC-EP in 2016, we show that large companies and SMEs differ in their expectations and initiatives for peace. We explore the impact of these differences regarding several dimensions of business engagement with peacebuilding, and we report survey results, provide stylized cases, and use prior theoretical and empirical research to offer insights to harness the potential of SMEs for peacebuilding.

预计私营公司将支持缓解和预防冲突，并为世界动乱地区的建设和平作出重大贡献。这些公司的资源是多种多样的，它们为和平做出贡献的方式也是多种多样的。我们的研究深入到和平研究、政治学和管理文献，以阐明不同商业组织在建设和平中的作用的理论框架，突出中小企业（SMEs）的贡献和战略。在哥伦比亚政府与哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军于2016年签署和平协议后，我们对从企业收集的调查数据进行了多次对应分析，结果表明，大公司和中小企业对和平的期望和倡议存在差异。我们从企业参与建设和平的几个方面探讨了这些差异的影响，并报告了调查结果，提供了程式化的案例，并利用先前的理论和实证研究提供见解，以利用中小企业在建设和平方面的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Business and violent conflict as a multidimensional relationship: The case of post-Reformasi Indonesia 商业和暴力冲突作为一种多维关系：后改革印尼的案例

IF 5.8 3区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Business Horizons

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2025.02.014

Julien Hanoteau , Jason Miklian , Ralf Barkemeyer

The private sector and multinational companies (MNCs) have become an important part of the peace and conflict landscape. This article uses the Indonesian context to explore the foreign MNC-conflict relationship in the manufacturing sector and to add nuance to existing debates on the potential of MNCs in providing peacebuilding support via their investment or operational impacts or their potential negative effects. We analyze the effects of various dimensions of corporate investment-based presence on violent conflicts, utilizing a cross-sectional model at the district level. We find that in industrial subsectors that are upward in the value chain, intensive in raw materials, and entail low-skilled work (e.g., heavy industries, food and tobacco), foreign firm presence exacerbates local violent conflicts. Results in other sectors further down the value chain confirm the potentially positive role of MNCs in peacebuilding. These findings are also relevant to the wider CSR literature in that the relationships between host countries and MNCs in fragile or conflict-ridden areas are more complex than previously acknowledged, calling for additional research into sector-specific variances on business impacts in fragile and conflict-affected settings.

私营部门和跨国公司（MNCs）已成为和平与冲突领域的重要组成部分。本文以印度尼西亚为背景，探讨了外国跨国公司与制造业的冲突关系，并对跨国公司通过投资或运营影响或潜在负面影响提供建设和平支持的潜力进行了细微的讨论。我们利用地区层面的横截面模型，分析了企业投资在暴力冲突中的各个维度的影响。我们发现，在价值链上游、原材料密集型和低技能工作（如重工业、食品和烟草）的工业子部门，外国公司的存在加剧了当地的暴力冲突。价值链下游其他部门的结果证实了跨国公司在建设和平方面可能发挥的积极作用。这些发现也与更广泛的企业社会责任文献相关，因为东道国与脆弱或冲突地区的跨国公司之间的关系比以前认识到的要复杂得多，因此需要进一步研究脆弱和受冲突影响地区的业务影响的具体部门差异。

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引用次数: 0

Conflict zones: New frontiers and ethical imaginations 冲突地区：新的边界和伦理想象

IF 5.8 3区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Business Horizons

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2025.02.016

John Katsos, Tor Brodtkorb

Increasingly, multinational companies are extending their operations to countries experiencing violent conflict. Prevailing business norms—including those related to ethics—may not provide adequate guidance in these novel environments. The impact of private economic activity in conflict zones has garnered practitioner and academic attention. Practitioners’ focus on business and peace has grown, with public and private sector actors like the United Nations, Unilever, Pearson, Barrick Gold, and G4S getting involved. The academic focus on business and peace has largely focused on how and why businesses can make societies more peaceful or on the relatively narrow questions of business impact on human rights. What has received comparatively little attention, however, is the core normative question: What are the ethical obligations of private economic actors in conflict zones? This article is an initial effort to answer this question. We argue that the three major business ethics frameworks used today [i.e., (1) shareholder, (2) stakeholder, and (3) integrated social contracts (ISCT) theories] require peace promotion as an underlying requirement for multinational businesses operating in conflict zones. After a brief overview of business and peace and business ethics theories, we show that the prevailing business ethics theories are inadequate or self-defeating when applied in conflict zones without reference to peace promotion. Once peace promotion is added as an assumption or obligation, the theories regain plausibility and internal consistency.

越来越多的跨国公司将业务扩展到经历暴力冲突的国家。主流的商业规范——包括那些与道德相关的——可能无法在这些新环境中提供足够的指导。冲突地区私营经济活动的影响已引起实践者和学术界的注意。随着联合国、联合利华、培生、巴里克黄金和G4S等公共和私营部门的参与，从业人员对商业与和平的关注有所增加。学术界对商业与和平的关注主要集中在企业如何以及为什么能使社会更加和平，或者集中在企业对人权的影响这一相对狭隘的问题上。然而，相对较少受到关注的是核心规范问题：冲突地区的私人经济行为者的道德义务是什么？本文是回答这个问题的初步尝试。我们认为，目前使用的三种主要商业道德框架[即(1)股东，(2)利益相关者和(3)综合社会契约（ISCT）理论]要求将促进和平作为在冲突地区经营的跨国企业的基本要求。在简要概述了商业与和平以及商业伦理理论之后，我们表明，在没有提及促进和平的情况下，将现行的商业伦理理论应用于冲突地区是不充分的或弄巧成拙的。一旦把促进和平作为一种假设或义务加入进来，这些理论就会重新获得合理性和内在一致性。

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引用次数: 0

The rise of authoritarian capitalism: What does it mean for businesses that seek peace? 威权资本主义的崛起：对寻求和平的企业意味着什么？

IF 5.8 3区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Business Horizons

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2025.02.013

Benedicte Bull

The global trend toward authoritarian regimes has significant implications for businesses’ capacity to foster peaceful societies. This article delves into this issue by first examining the concept of authoritarian capitalism. Authoritarian capitalism is characterized by a dominant economic system that favors private property and for-profit production but restricts access to finance, contracts, and investment opportunities on the basis of political loyalty to the ruling government. Economic policies and governance prioritize the regime’s desire to retain power rather than maximizing societal benefits. Furthermore, this article examines the cases of Venezuela and El Salvador, each of which have each taken distinct trajectories toward authoritarian capitalism. Despite differences in their approaches, in both cases, democratic spaces that allowed business advocacy and local initiatives have been gradually closed. Often, the closure of these democratic spaces is a condition to accessing economic opportunities. Hence, the advent of authoritarian capitalism poses deep challenges for businesses. Lastly, this article concludes by proposing ways for businesses to confront the decline of democracy and the emergence of authoritarian capitalism.

全球走向独裁政权的趋势对企业培育和平社会的能力有着重大影响。本文通过首先考察威权资本主义的概念来深入探讨这个问题。威权资本主义的特点是一个主导的经济体系，它支持私有财产和营利性生产，但在对执政政府的政治忠诚的基础上，限制获得金融、合同和投资机会。经济政策和治理优先考虑的是政权保持权力的愿望，而不是最大化社会利益。此外，本文还考察了委内瑞拉和萨尔瓦多的案例，这两个国家都走上了通往威权资本主义的不同道路。尽管他们的做法不同，但在这两种情况下，允许商业倡导和地方倡议的民主空间已经逐渐关闭。通常，关闭这些民主空间是获得经济机会的一个条件。因此，威权资本主义的出现给企业带来了深刻的挑战。最后，本文总结了企业如何面对民主的衰落和威权资本主义的出现。

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引用次数: 0

“Peace is when we are working”: Insecurity and small business survival in Kampala “工作时才有和平”：坎帕拉的不安全和小企业生存

IF 5.8 3区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Business Horizons

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2025.02.015

Kristian Hoelscher , Triphine Ainembabazi , Judith Mbabazi , Paul Mukwaya , Øystein H. Rolandsen

Small businesses in the Global South are vital social and economic actors. Yet many operate in a state of precarity, navigating informality, insecurity, and contentious political contexts. Connecting small business, entrepreneurship, and political economy perspectives, this article considers how small businesses negotiate urban insecurity and political violence and the social roles they may play in supporting peace and development in rapidly urbanizing and politically contested cities. Drawing on semistructured interviews with micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), owners, and interviews with key informants in politics, business, and academia, this article examines small business agency, collective action, and experiences of insecurity in two districts in Kampala, Uganda. Our results suggest that both insecurity and peace are often conceptualized in economic and personal terms by MSMEs rather than in relation to the presence and absence of violence. Moreover, while there is some scope for collective action by MSMEs to address these conditions, they are also constrained in their agency by the broader nature of the political economy of the city. We conclude by discussing implications for urban policy and management practice.

全球南方的小企业是至关重要的社会和经济参与者。然而，许多人在不稳定的状态下运作，在非正式、不安全和有争议的政治环境中航行。本文结合小企业、企业家精神和政治经济学的观点，探讨了小企业如何应对城市不安全和政治暴力，以及它们在支持快速城市化和政治纷争城市的和平与发展方面可能发挥的社会作用。本文通过对微型、小型和中型企业（MSMEs）、所有者的半结构化访谈，以及对政治、商业和学术界关键线人的访谈，考察了乌干达坎帕拉两个地区的小企业代理机构、集体行动和不安全经历。我们的研究结果表明，中小微企业通常将不安全感与和平概念化在经济和个人方面，而不是与暴力的存在与否有关。此外，虽然中小微企业有采取集体行动解决这些问题的空间，但它们在代理方面也受到城市政治经济更广泛性质的限制。最后，我们讨论了对城市政策和管理实践的影响。

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Inside front cover - ed board 内部前盖板

IF 5.8 3区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Business Horizons

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/S0007-6813(25)00009-6

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Managing foreign business operations in Ukraine in the context of war 在战争背景下管理在乌克兰的外国企业业务

IF 5.8 3区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Business Horizons

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2024.01.003

Anatoliy Kostruba

The development of foreign businesses is crucial for any nation's prosperity as they bring in valuable investments, international expertise, job opportunities for citizens, tax revenue, and industry growth. However, after the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, almost all foreign business operations within Ukraine were suspended; currently, businesses of every sort are in the process of resuming in the face of numerous challenges, including an unstable security situation, damaged infrastructure, disrupted supply chains, and highly unpredictable business conditions. The Ukrainian government lacks the strategic initiatives needed to substantially attract foreign business operations. The primary objective of this article is to examine Ukrainian legislation about foreign business endeavors, particularly focusing on the nuances of investment activities while also investigating the repercussions of military operations on foreign businesses. This article proposes the concept of e-residency as a means to entice foreigners into engaging in business activities within Ukraine, and explores other strategies aimed at attracting individuals from other countries to invest and participate in Ukraine’s business landscape.

外国企业的发展对包括乌克兰在内的任何国家的繁荣都至关重要，因为它们带来了宝贵的投资、国际专业知识、公民就业机会、税收和行业增长。然而，2022 年俄罗斯开始全面入侵乌克兰后，几乎所有外国企业的业务都暂停了。目前，尽管包括外国企业在内的企业正在恢复运营，但仍存在诸多挑战，包括不稳定的安全局势、受损的基础设施、中断的供应链以及极难预测的商业环境。为填补这一空白，笔者在本文中对战前局势进行了比较分析，评估了敌对行动对相关商业环境的影响，并概述了国家政府为改善局势而实施的措施。本文的主要目的是仔细研究乌克兰与外国商业活动相关的立法，尤其侧重于投资活动的细微差别，同时还调查了军事行动对在乌克兰经营的外国企业的影响。此外，我还提出了 "电子居留 "的概念，将其作为吸引外国人在乌克兰从事商业活动的一种手段，并探讨了其他各种旨在吸引其他国家的个人投资和参与乌克兰商业活动的战略。

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