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Context-Sensitivity Influences German and Chinese Preschoolers’ Comprehension of Indirect Communication 语境敏感性对德汉语学前儿童间接交际理解的影响
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00220221221104952
Cornelia Schulze, D. Buttelmann, Liqi Zhu, Henrik Saalbach
Making inferences in communication is a highly context-dependent endeavor. Previous research found cultural variations for context-sensitivity as well as for communication comprehension. However, the relative impact of culture and context-sensitivity on communication comprehension has not been investigated so far. The current study aimed at investigating this interplay and tested 4- and 6-year-old children from Germany (n = 132) and China (n = 129). Context-sensitivity was measured with an adapted version of the Ebbinghaus illusion. In this task, children have to discriminate the size of two target circles that only appear to be of similar size due to context circles surrounding the target circles. As expected, performance scores indicated higher degrees of context-sensitivity in Chinese compared to German children and that 6-year-olds were more context-sensitive than 4-year-olds. Further, in an object-choice communication-comprehension task, children watched videos with puppets performing every-day activities (e.g., pet care) and had to choose between two options (e.g., dog or rabbit). A puppet expressed what she wanted either directly (“I want the rabbit”) or indirectly (“I have a carrot”). The children had to choose one option to give to the puppet. In both cultures, 6-year-olds outperformed 4-year-olds and children understood direct communication better than indirect communication. Culture was found to affect children’s processing speed of direct communication. Moreover, culture influenced children’s context-sensitivity while context-sensitivity influenced children’s accuracy in the indirect (but not the direct) communication task. These findings demonstrate that taking context into account is especially important when we are confronted with indirect communication.
在交流中进行推断是一项高度依赖于上下文的工作。先前的研究发现,文化差异对上下文敏感性和沟通理解都有影响。然而,到目前为止,文化和语境敏感性对交际理解的相对影响还没有得到研究。目前的研究旨在调查这种相互作用,并测试了来自德国的4岁和6岁儿童(n = 132)和中国(n = 129)。上下文敏感性是用埃宾浩斯幻觉的改编版本来测量的。在这项任务中,孩子们必须区分两个目标圆圈的大小,因为目标圆圈周围的上下文圆圈看起来只有相似的大小。不出所料,与德国儿童相比,表现分数表明中国儿童对上下文的敏感性更高,6岁儿童比4岁儿童对上下文更敏感。此外,在对象选择沟通理解任务中,孩子们观看木偶表演日常活动(如宠物护理)的视频,并必须在两个选项之间做出选择(如狗或兔子)。一个木偶直接(“我想要兔子”)或间接(“我有胡萝卜”)表达了她想要的东西。孩子们不得不选择一个选项给木偶。在这两种文化中,6岁儿童的表现都优于4岁儿童,儿童更理解直接沟通而非间接沟通。研究发现,文化会影响儿童直接沟通的处理速度。此外,文化影响儿童的上下文敏感性,而上下文敏感性影响儿童在间接(但不是直接)沟通任务中的准确性。这些发现表明,当我们面对间接沟通时,考虑上下文尤其重要。
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引用次数: 2
The Relationship Between Cultural Engagement and Psychological Well-being Among Indigenous Adolescents: A Systematic Review 原住民青少年文化参与与心理健康之关系:系统回顾
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1177/00220221221128215
Elizabeth Doery, Lata Satyen, Y. Paradies, J. Toumbourou
The disproportionate burden of mental illness experienced by Indigenous adolescents is well established. Therefore, this review focused on how the well-being of Indigenous adolescents can be better promoted. The review identified studies that examined the relationship between cultural engagement and psychological well-being among Indigenous adolescents. To achieve this, a systematic search of published literature across seven online databases including Medline and EMBASE was conducted between October and November 2020. To meet the inclusion criteria, studies were required to include a sample of Indigenous adolescents and measure the relationship between psychological well-being and cultural engagement. Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, yielding a total sample size of 19,231 participants. Eighteen studies (72%) reported a significant positive relationship between cultural engagement and psychological well-being, four studies (16%) reported a nonsignificant relationship, and three studies (12%) reported mixed findings. Despite measuring different domains of culture across the 25 studies, these findings demonstrate relatively strong evidence of a positive association between cultural engagement and psychological well-being. They highlight the importance of culture for young Indigenous Peoples in developing a positive well-being. In the future, researchers should focus on specifying how intervention factors contribute to cultural engagement effects and establish further contributors to well-being and positive development among Indigenous adolescents. The findings of this review advance our understanding of how Indigenous Peoples interpret culture and their engagement with this culture. This has implications for policy, programs, and interventions intended to enhance well-being outcomes for Indigenous communities.
土著青少年所经历的不成比例的精神疾病负担是众所周知的。因此,本次审查的重点是如何更好地促进土著青少年的福祉。该综述确定了研究土著青少年文化参与与心理健康之间关系的研究。为了实现这一目标,在2020年10月至11月期间,对包括Medline和EMBASE在内的七个在线数据库的已发表文献进行了系统搜索。为了符合纳入标准,研究需要包括土著青少年样本,并测量心理健康与文化参与之间的关系。25项研究符合纳入标准,总样本量为19231名参与者。18项研究(72%)报告了文化参与与心理健康之间显著的正相关关系,4项研究(16%)报告了不显著的关系,3项研究(12%)报告了混合的结果。尽管在25项研究中测量了不同的文化领域,但这些发现证明了文化参与与心理健康之间存在正相关的相对有力的证据。他们强调了文化对土著青年发展积极福祉的重要性。在未来,研究人员应该着重说明干预因素如何促进文化参与效应,并进一步确定土著青少年的幸福感和积极发展的因素。本综述的发现促进了我们对土著人民如何解释文化及其与这种文化的接触的理解。这对旨在提高土著社区福祉结果的政策、计划和干预措施具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural Variations in Perceived Partner Responsiveness: The Role of Self-Consistency 感知伴侣反应的文化差异:自我一致性的作用
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1177/00220221221132786
Hyewon Choi, S. Oishi
Past research has shown that perceived partner responsiveness (PPR) is a key process contributing to individual and relational outcomes and identified dispositional, relational, and situational factors that can influence it. However, little is known about how cultural factors play a role in the process of PPR. In Studies 1 (n = 4,041) and 2 (n = 414), we examined whether the degree of PPR differs across cultures by comparing European Americans and East Asians. We found that East Asians are less likely to experience perceived responsiveness from others than European Americans (Cohen’s d = 1.11–1.25 for Study 1 and Cohen’s d = 0.23 for Study 2). Furthermore, we found that self-consistency explained the cultural difference in PPR, indicating that East Asians underperceived partner responsiveness compared with European Americans because they behave less consistently across social situations. We conclude by highlighting the importance of exploring the process of PPR from a cultural perspective.
过去的研究表明,感知伴侣反应(PPR)是影响个人和关系结果的关键过程,并确定了可能影响它的性格、关系和情境因素。然而,人们对文化因素在小反刍反应过程中的作用知之甚少。在研究1 (n = 4041)和研究2 (n = 414)中,我们通过比较欧美人和东亚人来研究小反刍兽疫的程度在不同文化之间是否存在差异。我们发现东亚人比欧美人更不可能感受到他人的反应(研究1的Cohen’s d = 1.11-1.25,研究2的Cohen’s d = 0.23)。此外,我们发现自我一致性解释了PPR的文化差异,表明东亚人比欧美人对伴侣反应的感知不足,因为他们在社交场合的行为不太一致。最后,我们强调了从文化角度探索小反刍兽疫过程的重要性。
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引用次数: 2
Unsociability and Psychological and School Adjustment in Chinese Children: The Moderating Effects of Peer Group Cultural Orientations 中国儿童的不社会性与心理学校适应:同伴群体文化取向的调节作用
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1177/00220221221132810
Siman Zhao, Mengting Liu, Xinyin Chen, Dan Li, Junsheng Liu, Shihong Liu
This study examined the moderating effects of cultural orientations of peer groups on the relations between unsociability and psychological and school adjustment in Chinese children. Participants included 1,092 students (527 boys, M age = 12.21 years) in the sixth grade in elementary schools. Data on individualistic and collectivistic cultural orientations, unsociability, and adjustment were obtained from multiple sources including peer nominations, teacher ratings, self-reports, and school records. Using the Social Cognitive Map method, 193 peer groups were identified. Among the results, unsociability was negatively associated with peer preference and academic achievement in groups low on individualistic orientation but not in groups high on individualistic orientation. Unsociability was also negatively associated with peer preference more strongly in groups with higher scores of collectivistic orientation. The results suggested that, in general, unsociable children performed better in social and academical areas in more individualistically oriented groups and less collectivistically oriented groups. The cultural context of peer groups may play a significant role in shaping social and school adjustment of unsociable children.
本研究考察了同伴群体文化取向对中国儿童不合群与心理适应和学校适应关系的调节作用。研究对象包括1092名小学六年级学生(男生527名,年龄12.21岁)。关于个人主义和集体主义文化取向、不合群和适应的数据来自多种来源,包括同伴提名、教师评分、自我报告和学校记录。使用社会认知地图方法,确定了193个同伴群体。结果显示,不社交与同伴偏好和学业成绩在个人主义取向低的群体中呈负相关,而在个人主义取向高的群体中无显著相关。在集体主义倾向得分较高的群体中,不合群与同伴偏好也呈负相关。结果表明,总的来说,不善交际的孩子在个人主义倾向更强的群体中,在社会和学术领域表现得更好,而在集体主义倾向更弱的群体中表现得更好。同伴群体的文化背景可能在塑造不善交际儿童的社会和学校适应方面发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 2
Profiles of an Ideal Society: The Utopian Visions of Ordinary People 理想社会的侧面:普通人的乌托邦愿景
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/00220221221126419
Julian W. Fernando, Nicholas Burden, Madeline Judge, Léan V. O'Brien, H. Ashman, A. Paladino, Y. Kashima
Throughout history, people have expressed the desire for an ideal society—a utopia. These imagined societies have motivated action for social change. Recent research has demonstrated this motivational effect among ordinary people in English-speaking countries, but we know little about the specific content of ordinary people’s utopian visions in different cultures. Here we report that a majority of samples from four countries—Australia, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States—converge on a small number of utopian visions: a Modern Green utopia, a Primitivist utopia, a Futurist utopia, and a Religious utopia. Although the prevalence of these utopia profiles differed across countries, there was a cross-cultural convergence in utopian visions. These shared visions may provide common ground for conversations about how to achieve a better future across cultural borders.
纵观历史,人们表达了对理想社会——乌托邦的渴望。这些想象中的社会激发了社会变革的行动。最近的研究已经证明了这种激励效应在英语国家的普通人中存在,但我们对不同文化中普通人乌托邦愿景的具体内容知之甚少。在这里,我们报告了来自四个国家(澳大利亚、中国、英国和美国)的大多数样本都集中在少数乌托邦愿景上:现代绿色乌托邦、原始主义乌托邦、未来主义乌托邦和宗教乌托邦。尽管这些乌托邦形象在不同国家的流行程度不同,但乌托邦愿景存在跨文化趋同。这些共同的愿景可能为如何跨越文化边界实现更美好未来的对话提供共同基础。
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引用次数: 0
Facilitating Cross-Cultural Adaptation: A Meta-Analytic Review of Dispositional Predictors of Expatriate Adjustment. 促进跨文化适应:对移居适应的性格预测因素的元分析回顾。
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.1177/00220221221109559
Yu Han, Greg J Sears, Wendy A Darr, Yun Wang

This meta-analytic review examines the relationship between various dispositional characteristics and expatriate adjustment, including the Big Five constructs and other characteristics that have garnered more recent empirical attention (i.e., cultural empathy/flexibility, cognitive intelligence, emotional intelligence). Using 62 primary studies (n = 13,060), we found that the Big Five traits play an important role in expatriate adjustment; however, when assessing the relative influence of these predictors, characteristics such as cultural empathy, cultural intelligence (e.g., motivational CQ), and emotional intelligence appear to exert a stronger influence on adjustment outcomes. Various cultural variables (cultural distance, cultural tightness, gender inequality in the host country) and year of publication were found to moderate some relationships, indicating that sociocultural factors may temper some of these effects.

本荟萃分析综述探讨了各种性格特征与外派适应之间的关系,包括五大构式和最近获得实证关注的其他特征(即文化共情/灵活性、认知智力、情商)。通过对62项初步研究(n = 13,060)的分析,我们发现五大特征在移居适应中起着重要作用;然而,当评估这些预测因素的相对影响时,文化同理心、文化智力(如动机文商)和情绪智力等特征似乎对调整结果产生更大的影响。研究发现,不同的文化变量(文化距离、文化紧密度、东道国的性别不平等)和出版年份会缓和一些关系,这表明社会文化因素可能会缓和其中的一些影响。
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引用次数: 4
The Impact of Social Support on Social Identity Development and Well-Being in International Exchange Students 社会支持对国际交换生社会认同发展和幸福感的影响
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.1177/00220221221118387
C. Matschke
International exchanges have become increasingly common. Although it is an explicit goal of exchange programs that exchange students immerse in another culture and learn to feel like a local, there is no systematic research on the development of one’s social identity during the exchange year. A longitudinal study with German high school students who spend an exchange year in the United States investigates the trajectories of social identification, identity integration of primary and secondary cultural identities, and well-being longitudinally at three measurement times (before departure, N = 556, 3 months, N = 210, and 6 months after arrival, N = 178). As social support is suggested to be an important resource, multilevel analyses tested the impact of three subcomponents of social support (i.e., emotional, instrumental, and compatibility-informational support) on the individual trajectories. It was found that social identification and identity integration increased over time, whereas well-being was high across all times. Identity integration mediated the positive effect of social identification on well-being. Moreover, emotional support was positively related to well-being and compatibility-informational support was positively related to identity integration. Instrumental support fostered early identity integration but diminished its slope when applied at later times. The present data demonstrate that an exchange year stimulates the development of the social self-concept, which is relevant for well-being. Moreover, it shows that the right kind of social support at the right time can foster this development.
国际交流日益普遍。尽管交换项目的明确目标是让交换生沉浸在另一种文化中,学会感觉自己是一个本地人,但目前还没有系统研究一个人在交换年中的社会身份发展。一项针对在美国交换一年的德国高中生的纵向研究在三个测量时间(出发前,N=556,3个月,N=210,抵达后6个月,N=178)纵向调查了社会认同、中小文化身份的身份融合和幸福感的轨迹。由于社会支持被认为是一种重要的资源,多层次分析测试了社会支持的三个子组成部分(即情感、工具和兼容性信息支持)对个体轨迹的影响。研究发现,社会认同和身份认同随着时间的推移而增加,而幸福感在所有时期都很高。身份整合介导了社会认同对幸福感的积极影响。此外,情感支持与幸福感呈正相关,兼容性信息支持与身份整合呈正相关。工具性支持促进了早期的身份融合,但在以后应用时会减少其斜率。目前的数据表明,交换年会刺激社会自我概念的发展,这与幸福感有关。此外,它表明,在正确的时间提供正确的社会支持可以促进这种发展。
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引用次数: 0
Social Class and Socialization Values in the United States and China 美国和中国的社会阶级和社会化价值观
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.1177/00220221221118389
Xiaochen Chen, Zhongwei Wang, Ziqian Deng, Qingwang Wei
The psychological correlate of social class across cultures is a topic of debate. Some have argued cross-cultural similarities, while others have maintained culturally divergent manifestations of social class. Using the data from the World Value Survey 2017 to 2020 (Wave 7), the current study examined the associations between social class and socialization values among parents in the United States (n = 1,615) and China (n = 2,524). Results indicated that all social class indices (i.e., education level, income, subjective social status, and composite social class) were positively associated with self-oriented socialization values in the United States, whereas such associations were absent in China, except for education level. In addition, higher social class, in terms of higher income, higher subjective social status, and higher composite social class, was associated with greater other-oriented socialization values in China. However, such associations were absent (for income, education level, and composite social class) or even reversed (for subjective social status) in the United States. These findings extend the literature on social class variations in parenting and highlight cultural specificity in the psychological manifestations of social class.
社会阶层在不同文化之间的心理关联是一个有争议的话题。一些人认为跨文化的相似性,而另一些人则认为社会阶层在文化上的不同表现形式。利用2017年至2020年世界价值观调查(第7波)的数据,本研究调查了美国(n=1615)和中国(n=2524)父母的社会阶层和社会价值观之间的关系。结果表明,在美国,所有社会阶层指数(即教育水平、收入、主观社会地位和综合社会阶层)都与以自我为导向的社会化价值观呈正相关,而在中国,除教育水平外,没有这种关联。此外,在中国,更高的社会阶层,即更高的收入、更高的主观社会地位和更高的复合社会阶层,与更大的其他取向的社会化价值观有关。然而,在美国,这种联系是不存在的(就收入、教育水平和综合社会阶层而言),甚至是颠倒的(就主观社会地位而言)。这些发现扩展了关于养育子女的社会阶层差异的文献,并突出了社会阶层心理表现中的文化特异性。
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引用次数: 0
Erratum to Facilitating Cross-Cultural Adaptation: A Meta-Analytic 促进跨文化适应的勘误表:元分析
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI: 10.1177/00220221221121423
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引用次数: 0
Women Across the History of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Research and Leadership 跨文化心理学史上的女性:研究与领导
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00220221221112366
D. Best, J. Gibbons
Across the years as interest in culture grew in the field of psychology, women contributed to its growth by leading research into new areas, such as children’s socialization and family dynamics, and acknowledging the critical role of the social and environmental context. Moreover, women were significant partners in team-led projects, developing methodologies that have been successfully employed to study cultural similarities and differences. Women have expanded psychological research in many domains, investigating the role of culture in cognitive areas, such as perceptual learning, cognition, and languages, as well as in social areas such as cultural stereotypes, acculturation, self-construal, attributions, and human development. Women have also investigated appropriate psychometric testing for valid assessments, critical for establishing equivalence in cross-cultural research. As women’s research voices grew, they have slowly advanced into important roles in academic organizations, such as IACCP. Although men continue to dominate leadership positions in IACCP and other similar organizations, women have become more visible in recent years. Indeed, women have made important research and leadership contributions to the growth and direction of cross-cultural psychology, and they will certainly continue to do so in the future.
多年来,随着心理学领域对文化的兴趣不断增长,女性通过领导对儿童社会化和家庭动态等新领域的研究,并承认社会和环境背景的关键作用,为文化的发展做出了贡献。此外,在团队领导的项目中,妇女是重要的合作伙伴,开发了成功用于研究文化异同的方法。妇女在许多领域扩大了心理学研究,调查文化在认知领域的作用,如感知学习、认知和语言,以及在社会领域的作用(如文化刻板印象、文化适应、自我建构、归因和人类发展)。妇女还调查了适当的心理测量测试,以进行有效的评估,这对在跨文化研究中建立对等关系至关重要。随着女性研究声音的增长,她们在学术组织中慢慢发挥了重要作用,如IACCP。尽管男性继续在IACCP和其他类似组织中占据主导地位,但近年来,女性变得更加引人注目。事实上,女性对跨文化心理学的发展和方向做出了重要的研究和领导贡献,而且她们将来肯定会继续这样做。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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