International Journal of Drug Policy最新文献_第5页

Global cannabis cultivation as a gendered activity: Findings from the 2020 International Cannabis Cultivation Questionnaire 全球大麻种植作为一种性别活动：来自2020年国际大麻种植问卷的调查结果

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105039

Joshua S. Meisel , Julie E. Brummer , Thomas Friis Søgaard , Gary R. Potter , Jodie Grigg , Marie Jauffret-Roustide

Background

As the global cannabis policy landscape shifts in some places from prohibition to decriminalization to different forms of regulated markets, there is a unique opportunity to explore how the experiences of women cultivators may vary along with such policy change. This study aims to advance our knowledge of women’s participation in cannabis cultivation in a time when the legal status of cannabis is becoming more diversified globally.

Methods

This research draws on the cultivation experiences of cannabis growers reported in response to the International Cannabis Cultivation Questionnaire administered between August 2020 and September 2021 to a purposive sample of 11,479 cannabis growers in 18 countries. Specific cultivation experiences examined include growing as a social activity, motivations for growing, income from growing, and contacts with the criminal justice system.

Results

While our results indicate the persistence of gender differences in cannabis cultivation, key findings are that policy shifts towards legalization seem to be related to further reducing gender differences and disparities in cannabis cultivation. We found that in jurisdictions where cultivation was legal, women were more likely to grow than in nonlegal contexts and to earn a higher proportion of their income from growing compared to men, and to supply cannabis to others for medical use.

Conclusion

The findings presented here come from the first multi-national study to provide a descriptive analysis of gendered differences in cannabis cultivation and how these vary in different legal contexts. The experiences of men and women cannabis growers varied across policy contexts. One of the impacts of legalization may be the increased involvement of women in cannabis production. Our study suggests a lessening of the gendered nature of cannabis cultivation over time – but also points to the need for more gender-sensitive future research to develop a more in-depth understanding of how policy shifts affect the gender constitution of cannabis markets.

随着全球大麻政策格局在一些地方从禁止到非犯罪化再到不同形式的监管市场的转变，这是一个独特的机会，可以探索女性种植者的经历如何随着这种政策变化而变化。这项研究的目的是在大麻的法律地位在全球范围内变得更加多样化的时候，提高我们对妇女参与大麻种植的认识。本研究利用大麻种植者在2020年8月至2021年9月期间对18个国家的11,479名大麻种植者进行的国际大麻种植问卷调查中报告的种植经验。具体的种植经验包括将种植作为一种社会活动，种植的动机，种植的收入以及与刑事司法系统的接触。虽然我们的研究结果表明大麻种植中的性别差异持续存在，但主要发现是，大麻合法化的政策转变似乎与进一步减少大麻种植中的性别差异和差距有关。我们发现，在大麻种植合法的司法管辖区，妇女比不合法的情况下更有可能种植大麻，与男性相比，她们从种植中获得的收入比例更高，并向他人提供大麻用于医疗用途。这里提出的研究结果来自第一个多国研究，提供了大麻种植的性别差异的描述性分析，以及这些差异在不同的法律背景下如何变化。男性和女性大麻种植者的经历因政策背景而异。大麻合法化的影响之一可能是妇女更多地参与大麻生产。我们的研究表明，随着时间的推移，大麻种植的性别性质正在减弱，但也指出，未来需要进行更多对性别敏感的研究，以更深入地了解政策转变如何影响大麻市场的性别构成。

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引用次数: 0

Using modelling and public health surveillance data to evidence progress towards the WHO incidence target for hepatitis C elimination in people who inject drugs - a review of complementary approaches in the United Kingdom 利用建模和公共卫生监测数据来证明世卫组织在注射吸毒者中消除丙型肝炎发病率目标方面取得的进展——对联合王国补充方法的回顾

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105059

Holly D Mitchell , India Clancy , Daniela De Angelis , Conor Egan , Ross J Harris , Sharon Hutchinson , Pantelis Samartsidis , Peter Vickerman , Zoe Ward , Alan Yeung , Mounia Zaouche , Matthew Hibbert , Beatrice Emmanouil , Andrew McAuley , Christopher Nugent , Josie Smith , Adelina Artenie , Monica Desai , Matthew Hickman , Viral Hepatitis C Elimination Modelling Working Group

To evidence elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV), countries need to demonstrate that incidence is ≤2/100 person years in people who inject drugs (PWID). Ongoing prospective cohort studies (gold-standard method) may be too expensive and unsustainable. Here, we first summarise the utility of public health surveillance data, including bio-behavioural surveys, laboratory testing, and treatment registers with additional linkage to administrative data to monitor HCV incidence or related measures. Second, we present five modelling approaches that could be used to generate evidence for assessing progress towards elimination: 1) dynamic deterministic, 2) methods for estimating the force of infection, 3) multi-parameter evidence synthesis (MPES) with back-calculation, 4) Bayesian hierarchical, and 5) cohort multi-state. Some of these approaches can generate modelled incidence estimates based on trends in chronic HCV prevalence, while others focus on related measures such as the decline in chronic HCV prevalence, or the total number of chronic HCV infections that have been diagnosed. We propose that multiple different measures of progress are possible and together, can provide evidence on whether the UK has achieved elimination.

为了以证据消除丙型肝炎病毒（HCV），各国需要证明注射吸毒者（PWID）的发病率≤2/100人年。正在进行的前瞻性队列研究（金标准方法）可能过于昂贵且不可持续。在这里，我们首先总结了公共卫生监测数据的用途，包括生物行为调查、实验室检测和治疗登记，以及与监测HCV发病率或相关措施的行政数据的额外联系。其次，我们提出了五种可用于产生证据以评估消除进展的建模方法：1)动态确定性，2)估计感染力的方法，3)反向计算的多参数证据合成（MPES）， 4)贝叶斯分层，5)队列多状态。其中一些方法可以根据慢性丙肝病毒流行趋势产生模型发病率估计，而其他方法则侧重于相关措施，如慢性丙肝病毒流行率下降或已诊断的慢性丙肝病毒感染总数。我们建议，多种不同的进展措施是可能的，并且可以共同提供证据，证明英国是否已经实现了消除。

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引用次数: 0

The 'knowing' body in the becoming of buprenorphine depot treatment: A qualitative study 丁丙诺啡贮存治疗过程中“认识”体的定性研究

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105043

Sandra Gendera , Tim Rhodes , Carla Treloar

There is a tendency to approach the body as if passive, and as acted upon, in medical treatment studies. We undertook a longitudinal qualitative study of monthly buprenorphine depot, with 36 participants (25 men, 11 women; of whom 32 were followed up over three years). Our analysis draws attention to the body as an active actor in the becoming of buprenorphine depot treatment. We trace two scenarios of agency in which bodies participate. The first is discovery and surprise. These are situations in which the body 'speaks', giving feedback in relation to its treatment, and contributing to an iterative process of learning. The second scenario is experimentation. Here, bodily feedbacks inform reasoned actions which give rise to purposeful experimentations in which the body is 'put to the test' or invited into a 'trial' of conjoint learning. Taken together, we show how the body plays a critical role in how buprenorphine treatment 'comes to be known' and how such treatment is made 'workable' in its situation. Our findings emphasize how clinical encounters might better listen to, and learn from, bodies in the implementation of treatments. A priori evidence-based standards and guidelines often shape clinical decisions, but there are other forms of situated and embodied knowing. Bodies are active in shaping what buprenorphine depot treatment comes to be.

在医学治疗研究中，有一种倾向是被动地接近身体，并采取行动。我们对每月丁丙诺啡储藏量进行了纵向定性研究，共有36名参与者（25名男性，11名女性，其中32名随访超过三年）。我们的分析使人们注意到身体在丁丙诺啡仓库治疗的发展中起着积极的作用。我们追踪了主体参与的两种代理情景。首先是发现和惊喜。在这些情况下，身体会“说话”，给出与治疗相关的反馈，并有助于学习的迭代过程。第二种情况是实验。在这里，身体反馈告知理性的行为，从而产生有目的的实验，在实验中，身体被“接受测试”或被邀请参加联合学习的“试验”。综上所述，我们展示了身体如何在丁丙诺啡治疗“为人所知”以及这种治疗如何在其情况下“可行”的过程中发挥关键作用。我们的研究结果强调，在实施治疗过程中，临床接触如何更好地倾听和学习身体。先验的基于证据的标准和指导方针经常影响临床决策，但还有其他形式的情境和具体化的知识。身体在形成丁丙诺啡仓库治疗的过程中是活跃的。

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引用次数: 0

Supporting desistance from crime: The promise of psychedelic-assisted therapy in correctional and reentry contexts 支持对犯罪的抵制：迷幻剂辅助治疗在矫正和重返社会环境中的前景

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105067

Tereza Dlestikova

This paper proposes a psychedelic theory of desistance, arguing that psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) may support the desistance from crime – the cessation of criminal behavior – by promoting identity transformation and personal meaning-making among criminal justice-involved individuals. Drawing from psychedelic science and desistance focused criminological theories, it suggests that, when administered within ethical and therapeutic frameworks, psychedelics can enhance self-reflection, emotional processing, and inner insight – mechanisms known to underlie sustained behavioral change. Because many individuals in the criminal justice system experience trauma, depression and substance dependence, PAT may offer a particularly relevant intervention. The paper contends that community-based, post-release settings are more appropriate and ethically defensible for PAT delivery than correctional institutions. While acknowledging that causal evidence on recidivism outcomes is currently lacking, it outlines the need for carefully designed pilot studies conducted in collaboration with clinicians and reintegration services. Using Czechia as a policy context, it offers a practical roadmap for both future research and practical implementation of PAT in marginalized – justice involved – populations. The central claim is that PAT should function as a complementary component within broader rehabilitation and reintegration strategies, supporting narrative and identity change necessary for long-term desistance from crime.

本文提出了一种迷幻戒毒理论，认为迷幻辅助治疗（PAT）可以通过促进刑事司法相关个体的身份转换和个人意义创造来支持犯罪的停止。根据迷幻科学和以戒毒为重点的犯罪学理论，它表明，当在伦理和治疗框架内使用迷幻药时，迷幻药可以增强自我反思、情绪处理和内在洞察力——这些机制是已知的持续行为改变的基础。由于刑事司法系统中的许多人都经历过创伤、抑郁和物质依赖，PAT可能提供特别相关的干预。论文认为，以社区为基础的释放后环境比惩教机构更适合提供PAT，在道德上也更站住脚。虽然承认目前缺乏关于再犯后果的因果证据，但它概述了与临床医生和重返社会服务机构合作进行精心设计的试点研究的必要性。本文以捷克为政策背景，为未来的研究和在涉及司法的边缘化人群中实际实施PAT提供了可行的路线图。核心主张是，PAT应作为更广泛的康复和重返社会战略的补充组成部分，支持长期制止犯罪所必需的叙述和身份改变。

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引用次数: 0

Early evidence of the effects of xylazine-adulterated fentanyl in Ohio 早期证据表明在俄亥俄州掺有二甲嗪的芬太尼的影响

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105066

Daniel Rosenblum , George Karandinos , Jay Unick , Dennis Cauchon , Daniel Ciccarone

Background

Xylazine is becoming a prevalent fentanyl adulterant in the US. It has been associated with severe wounds and withdrawal symptoms. However, its impact on fatal overdose rates is poorly understood.

Methods

Poisson and ordinary least squares regression analyses are used to estimate the relationship between xylazine prevalence and unintentional overdose death and death rates at the county-month level in Ohio from April through December 2023. Xylazine prevalence is calculated from the Ohio Bureau of Criminal Investigation’s (BCI) Crime Lab Data, and mortality data is from the Ohio Department of Health.

Results

Xylazine prevalence is positively correlated with overdose deaths and death rates in large population counties. Xylazine adulteration is associated with 319 more overdose deaths [95 percent CI: 147–491 deaths], 10 percent of all unintentional overdose deaths in Ohio, over the nine-month period. Our estimates predict that if all fentanyl had been adulterated with xylazine over these nine months, this would have led to an additional 519 deaths.

Discussion

Although the data covers a limited time period, our estimates provide evidence that xylazine-adulterated fentanyl is likely to lead to additional overdose deaths as it continues to spread across the US, blunting the initial signs of a declining trend in overdose deaths. If the findings can be extrapolated to the rest of the country, it is likely that overdose deaths would have fallen more substantially in 2023 if xylazine had not already been so prevalent in large parts of the US.

背景：在美国，二甲肼正在成为一种普遍的芬太尼掺假剂。它与严重的伤口和戒断症状有关。然而，它对致命药物过量率的影响却知之甚少。方法采用poisson和普通最小二乘回归分析，估计2023年4月至12月俄亥俄州县月水平上噻嗪流行与非故意过量死亡和死亡率的关系。Xylazine的流行率来自俄亥俄州刑事调查局（BCI）犯罪实验室数据，死亡率数据来自俄亥俄州卫生部。结果在人口较多的县，噻嗪患病率与用药过量死亡和死亡率呈正相关。在9个月的时间里，Xylazine掺假与319例过量死亡有关[95% CI: 147-491例死亡]，占俄亥俄州所有非故意过量死亡的10%。根据我们的估计，如果所有芬太尼在这9个月里都掺入了噻嗪，这将导致额外的519人死亡。尽管数据覆盖的时间有限，但我们的估计提供了证据，证明掺杂了羟嗪的芬太尼可能会导致更多的过量死亡，因为它继续在美国蔓延，削弱了过量死亡人数下降趋势的最初迹象。如果这一发现可以外推到美国其他地区，那么如果噻嗪在美国大部分地区没有如此普遍，2023年的过量死亡人数可能会大幅下降。

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引用次数: 0

Policing and access to harm reduction services among young people who use drugs and young Indigenous people who use drugs before and after the pilot implementation of decriminalization of personal possession 在试点实施个人持有毒品非刑事化前后，在吸毒青年和吸毒青年土著人民中开展警务工作和获得减少伤害服务

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105068

Erica McAdam , M-J Milloy , Eric C. Sayre , Carmen Verdicchio , Kali-olt Sedgemore , Helena May , Samantha Pranteau , Dyami Corriveau , Drew Friesen , Mathew Fleury , Danya Fast , Kora DeBeck

Background

On January 31, 2023, the province of British Columbia, Canada, implemented a pilot decriminalization of personal possession of certain drugs. This study investigated temporal trends in policing-related barriers to accessing harm reduction services among young people who use drugs (PWUD) in Vancouver before and after decriminalization.

Methods

Data from 2021–2024 were collected from an open prospective cohort of street-involved young PWUD. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) assessed trends in self-reported policing-related barriers to harm reduction services before and after decriminalization, with calendar time and decriminalization (plus their interaction) as primary explanatory variables. A sub-analysis was conducted among participants who identified as being of Indigenous ancestry.

Results

Among 319 participants, the median baseline age was 28.0 years, and 83 (26 %) reported policing-related barriers to harm reduction services at some point during the study period. In multivariable GEE analysis, an increasing trend in reporting police barriers was observed before decriminalization (adjusted per-year odds ratio [AOR]=2.41; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–4.51). At the implementation of decriminalization, a significant level drop of 65 % was observed (AOR=0.35; 95 % CI: 0.15–0.82), with no trend observed post-decriminalization (AOR=1.12; 95 % CI: 0.48–2.58 per year). In sub-analysis among Indigenous participants, a significant decreasing trend of 72 % per year in reported policing-related barriers was observed in the post-decriminalization period (AOR = 0.28; 95 % CI: 0.08–0.97).

Implications

Among young PWUD, we observed relative reductions in experiencing policing-related barriers to harm reduction services after the pilot implementation of decriminalization, and this benefit extended to young Indigenous PWUD.

背景：2023年1月31日，加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省试行了将个人持有某些毒品合法化。本研究调查了温哥华吸毒青年（PWUD）在除罪化前后获得减少伤害服务的警务相关障碍的时间趋势。方法收集2021-2024年的开放性前瞻性队列数据，这些数据来自街头参与的年轻PWUD。使用广义估计方程（GEE）的逻辑回归评估了除罪化前后自我报告的与警务相关的减少伤害服务障碍的趋势，将日历时间和除罪化（加上它们的相互作用）作为主要解释变量。在确定为土著血统的参与者中进行了子分析。结果在319名参与者中，中位基线年龄为28.0岁，83名（26%）报告在研究期间的某个时间点与减少伤害服务相关的警务障碍。在多变量GEE分析中，在除罪化之前，报告警察障碍的人数呈上升趋势（调整后的年优势比[AOR]=2.41； 95%置信区间[CI]: 1.29-4.51）。在实施非犯罪化时，观察到65%的显著水平下降（AOR=0.35; 95% CI: 0.15-0.82），非犯罪化后没有观察到趋势（AOR=1.12; 95% CI: 0.48-2.58 /年）。在土著参与者的亚分析中，在非犯罪化时期，报告的与警察相关的障碍每年显著下降72% （AOR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.08-0.97）。在年轻的PWUD中，我们观察到，在试点实施除罪化后，与警察有关的减少伤害服务障碍相对减少，这种好处延伸到年轻的土著PWUD。

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引用次数: 0

The role of Christianity in residential drug rehabilitation in Hong Kong: A lens of respectability politics 基督教在香港戒毒所的角色：一个体面政治的镜头

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105065

Vincent Shing Cheng , Serena Yunran Zhang , Wei Jiang , Wing Hong Chui

Faith-based programs are widely used for treating addiction in several countries. Although they are predominantly used in Hong Kong, how they function within the Chinese cultural context remains unknown, particularly for irreligious individuals. Therefore, this study examines how respectability politics are applied within a faith-based drug rehabilitation community in Hong Kong, where religious norms and therapeutic practices shape the residents’ experiences. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and 29 semi-structured interviews, the findings revealed that respectability politics manifests as an interplay among the concern for faith, public image, and therapy, creating a complex dynamic within such a community and offering transformative experiences for some while coercing and excluding those who do not conform. Our insights underscore the need for inclusive therapeutic approaches that respect diverse backgrounds and beliefs and ultimately enhance the effectiveness of faith-based rehabilitation programs. This study highlights the importance of situating respectability politics within specific cultural contexts to understand how marginalized individuals seek dignity during recovery.

在一些国家，基于信仰的项目被广泛用于治疗成瘾。虽然它们主要在香港使用，但它们如何在中国文化背景下发挥作用仍不得而知，特别是对于无宗教信仰的人。因此，本研究探讨尊重政治如何在香港以信仰为基础的戒毒社区中应用，其中宗教规范和治疗实践塑造了居民的体验。基于民族志田野调查和29次半结构化访谈，研究结果显示，体面政治表现为对信仰、公众形象和治疗的关注之间的相互作用，在这样一个社区中创造了一个复杂的动态，为一些人提供了变革的经历，同时强迫和排斥那些不符合的人。我们的见解强调了包容性治疗方法的必要性，即尊重不同的背景和信仰，并最终提高基于信仰的康复项目的有效性。本研究强调了将体面政治置于特定文化背景下的重要性，以了解边缘化个体在恢复过程中如何寻求尊严。

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引用次数: 0

Public health orientation of Cannabis and alcohol regulators: An analysis of state-level variation in the United States 大麻和酒精监管机构的公共卫生取向：美国各州差异分析。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105060

Codey J. Carr , Peter Reuter , Greg Midgette

Objectives

To provide an analysis of state-level variation in how alcohol and adult-use cannabis regulatory agencies articulate their involvement in, and pursuit of, public health goals.

Methods

An important slogan in state-level campaigns to legalize adult-use cannabis was to regulate cannabis “like alcohol.” We conducted a content analysis of annual reports produced by state cannabis and alcohol regulatory agencies in the United States where adult-use cannabis has been legalized to compare the reported public health orientations of each agency. Our coding domains capture references to (1) stated public health goals, (2) data collaboration with public health agencies, (3) public health efforts, and (4) law enforcement efforts.

Results

Adult-use cannabis regulatory agencies reported all public health indicators more often, while alcohol regulatory agencies reported engaging in law enforcement efforts more often than cannabis regulators. Compared to states that legalized adult-use cannabis through ballot initiatives, states that legalized through their legislatures reported more public health indicators for both cannabis and alcohol regulators. We find a positive correlation within states between the public health engagement of alcohol and cannabis regulators.

Conclusions

Cannabis regulatory agencies largely outperform alcohol regulatory agencies in terms of their articulated public health goals, activities, and policies. US states adopting adult-use cannabis legalization more recently, have predominantly legalized through their state legislatures and have cannabis regulators that report on a greater number of cannabis-related public health issues. More research is needed to assess whether public health-related actions reported by cannabis agencies translate into tangible public health benefits among cannabis using and affected populations.

目的：分析各州在酒精和成人使用大麻监管机构如何阐明其参与和追求公共卫生目标方面的差异。方法：成人用大麻合法化运动的一个重要口号是“像管制酒精一样管制大麻”。我们对成人使用大麻已合法化的美国各州大麻和酒精管理机构编写的年度报告进行了内容分析，以比较每个机构报告的公共卫生方向。我们的编码域捕获了(1)声明的公共卫生目标，(2)与公共卫生机构的数据协作，(3)公共卫生工作，以及(4)执法工作。结果：成人使用大麻监管机构更频繁地报告所有公共卫生指标，而酒精监管机构比大麻监管机构更频繁地报告参与执法工作。与通过投票倡议使成人使用大麻合法化的国家相比，通过立法机构使大麻合法化的国家报告的大麻和酒精监管机构的公共卫生指标更多。我们发现，在各州内，酒精和大麻监管机构参与公共卫生之间存在正相关关系。结论：大麻管理机构在其明确的公共卫生目标、活动和政策方面，在很大程度上优于酒精管理机构。美国各州最近采用了成人使用大麻合法化，主要通过州立法机构实现了合法化，并设有大麻监管机构，负责报告更多与大麻有关的公共卫生问题。需要进行更多的研究，以评估大麻机构报告的与公共卫生有关的行动是否在大麻使用者和受影响人群中转化为切实的公共卫生效益。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of decriminalizing small amounts of illicit drugs in Victoria, BC: A seasonally adjusted interrupted time-series analysis of police data 对不列颠哥伦比亚省维多利亚州少量非法毒品合法化的评估：对警方数据的季节性调整中断时间序列分析。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105063

Alexander G. Kuzma-Hunt, Jinhui Zhao, Karen Urbanoski, Jaime Arredondo Sanchez Lira, Timothy Naimi

Background

In 2023, British Columbia (BC), Canada implemented a three-year pilot policy to decriminalize personal possession of a cumulative total of 2.5 g or less of opioids, cocaine, methamphetamine, and MDMA. Under this exemption, individuals found within the threshold are not subject to criminal charges, though possession above 2.5 g, possession in excluded locations (e.g., schools, airports), and trafficking remain criminal offences. This study evaluates the impact of this policy on police-reported drug-related offences, charges, and seizures in Victoria, BC.

Methods

Interrupted time-series analysis used police administrative data from the Victoria Police Department between January 2020 and December 2023. Monthly rates of drug-related offences, charges and seizures per 100,000 adults aged 15+ were analyzed across three policy phases: pre-announcement (run-in), policy awareness, and post-implementation. Autoregressive integrated moving average and mixed linear regression models were used to adjust for trend, seasonality and repeated measures.

Results

Offences and charges declined during the period prior to the implementation of decriminalization, but not during the decriminalization pilot. The mean weight of drugs seized per incident increased significantly post-implementation, but rates and proportions of seizures with cumulative drug weights <4.5 grams declined.

Conclusion

Enforcement shifts preceded formal decriminalization, possibly reflecting anticipatory changes in policing practices. The post-implementation increases in seizure weights, alongside declining low-weight seizures, may indicate a reallocation of enforcement away from personal possession. To strengthen the impact of decriminalization, future efforts should prioritize clear policy communication, implementation training, and alignment between enforcement practices and public health goals.

背景：2023年，加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC）实施了一项为期三年的试点政策，将个人持有累计少于2.5克的阿片类药物、可卡因、甲基苯丙胺和摇头丸除罪化。根据这一豁免，在阈值内被发现的个人不受刑事指控，但拥有超过2.5 g，在排除的地点（例如，学校，机场）拥有和贩运仍然是刑事犯罪。本研究评估了这一政策对卑诗省维多利亚州警方报告的与毒品有关的犯罪、指控和缉获的影响。方法：使用维多利亚警察局2020年1月至2023年12月的警察行政数据进行中断时间序列分析。每月每10万名15岁以上成年人的毒品相关犯罪、指控和缉获率分析了三个政策阶段：宣布前（磨合）、政策意识和实施后。自回归综合移动平均和混合线性回归模型用于调整趋势，季节性和重复测量。结果：在实施非刑事化之前，犯罪和指控有所下降，但在非刑事化试点期间没有下降。实施后，每次事件中缉获的毒品平均重量显著增加，但缉获的毒品累积重量的比率和比例显著增加。结论：执法转变先于正式的非刑事化，可能反映了警务实践的预期变化。实施后缉获量的增加，以及低重量缉获量的下降，可能表明执法的重新分配，不再针对个人持有。为了加强非刑事化的影响，今后的努力应优先考虑明确的政策沟通、执行培训以及执法做法与公共卫生目标之间的协调。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of the first year of British Columbia’s decriminalization of drug possession for personal use on drug crime in Canada 不列颠哥伦比亚省将个人持有毒品合法化第一年对加拿大毒品犯罪的影响。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105042

Adrienne Gaudreault , Maya Gibb , Robert Talarico , Benedikt Fischerf , Wayne Hall , Daniel T. Myran

Background

In August 2020, the Government of Canada advised federal prosecutors to divert simple drug cases from the criminal justice system, and on January 31, 2023, the province of British Columbia (B.C.) initiated a temporary decriminalization policy for drug possession. It remains unclear whether decriminalization has reduced social and public health outcomes of the drug crisis.

Methods

A population-based cross-sectional study examining data on police-recorded drug crime incidents in Canada from January 1st 2016, to December 31st 2023. A controlled interrupted time-series design was used to assess changes in incidents and charges for drug possession and trafficking, within the first year after implementation of drug decriminalization policies.

Results

Between 2016 and 2023, Canada recorded 204,817 police-recorded drug possession incidents. Before the Federal Prosecutor Directive in 2020, possession and trafficking incident rates were increasing by 0.39 % and 0.78 % respectively each month. In the three years after the Federal Directive, possession incidents declined by 46 % (RR: 0.54, 95 % CI: 0.47–0.62) and trafficking by 43 % (RR: 0.57, 95 % CI: 0.47–0.70). B.C.’s 2023 decriminalization led to a further 52 % drop in police-recorded possession incidents in B.C., while possession rates remained stable in the rest of Canada (Relative Difference: 0.41, 95 % CI: 0.28–0.62). Changes in police-recorded trafficking incidents in B.C., which were not decriminalized, did not differ from the rest of Canada (Relative Difference: 1.00, 95 % CI: 0.53–1.90).

Interpretation

The 2020 Federal Directive and the first year of B.C.’s 2023 decriminalization significantly reduced the burden of enforced drug possession incidents which may have reduced some individual and social harms related to user-criminalization.

背景：2020年8月，加拿大政府建议联邦检察官将简单的毒品案件从刑事司法系统中转移出来。2023年1月31日，不列颠哥伦比亚省启动了一项临时毒品非刑事化政策。目前尚不清楚非刑事化是否减少了毒品危机的社会和公共卫生后果。方法：以人群为基础的横断面研究，检查2016年1月1日至2023年12月31日加拿大警方记录的毒品犯罪事件数据。采用一种受控中断时间序列设计来评估在实施毒品非刑事化政策后的第一年内，拥有和贩运毒品的事件和指控的变化。结果：2016年至2023年间，加拿大记录了204,817起警方记录的毒品持有事件。在2020年《联邦检察官指令》颁布之前，持有毒品和贩运毒品的事故率每月分别增长0.39%和0.78%。在联邦指令颁布后的三年中，持有事件下降了46% (RR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.47-0.62)，贩运事件下降了43% （RR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.47-0.70）。公元前加拿大2023年的非刑事化导致bc省警方记录的持有事件进一步下降52%，而加拿大其他地区的持有率保持稳定（相对差异：0.41,95% CI: 0.28-0.62）。在不列颠哥伦比亚省，警方记录的人口贩运事件未被合法化，其变化与加拿大其他地区没有差异（相对差异：1.00,95% CI: 0.53-1.90）。解读：2020年联邦指令和B.C.第一年2023年的非刑事化大大减轻了强制持有毒品事件的负担，这可能减少了与用户刑事化有关的一些个人和社会危害。

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引用次数: 0