International Journal of Drug Policy最新文献

英文中文

Leveraging web-scraped data to examine alcohol pricing: an Australian feasibility study with retail data 利用网络抓取的数据来检验酒类定价：澳大利亚的一项零售数据可行性研究

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105115

Tina Lam , Cynthia Huang , Alexandra Torney , Sarah Callinan , Brian Vandenberg , Ting Xia , Colin Angus , Robin Room , Rowan Ogeil , Aaron Cowper , Simone Pettigrew , Bosco Rowland , Danica Keric , Dan I Lubman , Suzanne Nielsen

Introduction

Although price is critical in determining alcohol purchase and subsequent harms, researchers rarely have access to comprehensive alcohol price data. Web scraping is an advanced data collection technique that uses automated computer scripts to efficiently gather extensive website data. The aims of this paper are to demonstrate web scraping’s capacity to generate alcohol policy relevant data, and to assess the method’s consistency by comparing datasets collected by a commercial provider with those produced by a university-developed scraper.

Methods

Price and product data from the entire online catalogues of major retailers representing the majority of the Australian market were scraped daily by the commercial provider since 2020, with data collected from all jurisdictions, and products sold by multiple retailers matched. A university-developed web scraper collected a single-day’s catalogue data from the country’s largest alcohol retailer to compare with the commercial dataset as a reliability cross-check.

Results

Of the 16,409 products identified in both the commercial and university databases, there was an excellent match on the product prices (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.997 [95 %CI: 0.9972–0.9973]). A visualisation from the three largest Australian retailers demonstrated how daily prices varied over a 12-month period, for example with more frequent price changes for Australia’s largest retailer compared to the second and third, and across jurisdictions, such as some deeper discounting in Victoria.

Discussion

This study presented an independently cross-checked large-scale and longitudinal web scraping approach to collect alcohol price data, and demonstrated that the adapted data could aid understanding of the alcohol retail market. Web scraping is a feasible method to collect price data to support the development of evidence-based alcohol price policy.

引言虽然价格是决定酒精购买和随后危害的关键因素，但研究人员很少能获得全面的酒精价格数据。网络抓取是一种先进的数据收集技术，它使用自动计算机脚本有效地收集广泛的网站数据。本文的目的是展示网络抓取生成酒精政策相关数据的能力，并通过比较由商业提供商收集的数据集与由大学开发的抓取器产生的数据集来评估该方法的一致性。方法自2020年以来，商业供应商每天从代表澳大利亚大部分市场的主要零售商的整个在线目录中抓取价格和产品数据，从所有司法管辖区收集数据，并将多个零售商销售的产品进行匹配。一所大学开发的网络刮板从该国最大的酒类零售商那里收集了一天的目录数据，并将其与商业数据集进行比较，作为可靠性交叉检查。结果在商业和大学数据库中鉴定的16,409种产品中，产品价格匹配良好（类内相关系数=0.997 [95% CI: 0.9972-0.9973]）。澳大利亚三家最大零售商的可视化显示了12个月期间每日价格的变化情况，例如，与第二和第三家零售商相比，澳大利亚最大零售商的价格变化更为频繁，并且跨司法管辖区，例如维多利亚州的一些更大的折扣。本研究提出了一种独立交叉检验的大规模纵向网络抓取方法来收集酒精价格数据，并证明了调整后的数据可以帮助理解酒精零售市场。网络抓取是一种可行的方法来收集价格数据，以支持以证据为基础的酒精价格政策的发展。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of a police crackdown on online drug sales: on the importance of targeting vendors’ reputation? 警方打击网络毒品销售的影响：打击商家声誉的重要性？

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105113

Etienne Blais , David Décary-Hétu , William Arbour , Camille Gagné , Roxane Perrin-Plouffe , Arielle Chaîné

Objectives

This article evaluates the effect of a police crackdown on cannabis vendors operating in cryptomarkets. The police seized >100 cannabis parcels in transit and arrested one runner during this crackdown.

Methods

An automated web crawler was used to download, and structure content found on 30 cryptomarkets between 1 January 2015 and 26 June 2017. Data were then aggregated on a weekly basis. The synthetic difference-and-difference (SDiD) approach and its extension for event-study analysis were used to estimate the effect of the police crackdown on the number of cannabis transactions and vendors.

Results

Estimates from the SDiD models suggest that the crackdown was associated with a significant decline in cannabis transactions. The event-study analysis indicates that the effect was delayed and for a short time. Estimates from the SDiD show that the overall effect of the crackdown on vendors was not significant. The event-study analysis shows that a significant effect was observed for several time units; the effect can be characterized as abrupt and lasted for several weeks after the intervention.

Conclusions

Results suggest that police crackdowns can effectively disrupt for cryptomarkets. Seizing parcels negatively affected vendors’ reputation and compromised the trust system on which cryptomarkets are built.

目的：本文评估了警方打击在加密市场经营的大麻供应商的影响。警方在这次打击行动中，检获100个运输中的大麻包裹，并拘捕一名走私犯。方法：使用自动网络爬虫下载并构建2015年1月1日至2017年6月26日期间在30个加密市场上发现的内容。然后每周汇总数据。综合差异与差异（SDiD）方法及其对事件研究分析的扩展用于估计警方打击大麻交易和供应商数量的影响。结果：SDiD模型的估计表明，打击行动与大麻交易的显著下降有关。事件研究分析表明，影响是延迟的，持续时间短。SDiD的估计显示，打击商贩的总体效果并不显著。事件研究分析表明，在几个时间单位内观察到显著的影响；这种效果是突然的，并在干预后持续数周。结论：结果表明，警方打击可以有效地扰乱加密市场。没收包裹对供应商的声誉产生了负面影响，并损害了加密市场赖以建立的信任体系。

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引用次数: 0

Targeting youth? Alcohol in colorful fruit pouches - a case study from Poland 针对青年?彩色水果袋中的酒精——来自波兰的案例研究

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105109

Julia Nowicka-Janik , Justyna Klingemann , Bartosz Janik , Marta Miller , Maria Stasiak , Katarzyna Michta , Jagoda Arendt , Agnieszka Wojtecka , Łukasz Balwicki

Background

Alcohol consumption remains a major public health problem in Poland, with high per capita intake. While youth drinking is decreasing, the industry is exploring marketing tactics targeted at young people. In 2024, the launch of fruit-flavored alcohol pouches in Poland raised concerns due to packaging that could appeal to minors. This study aimed to assess the regulatory gaps that allowed the launch of this product and to examine responses from governmental bodies, public institutions and the general public.

Methods

An exploratory, web-based review of publicly available Polish-language sources from June 2024 to January 2025 was conducted. To accomplish this, targeted keyword searches were carried out across online news portals, government websites, and social media platforms. Sources were selected based on their credibility and relevance, and then cross-verified to ensure accuracy. A descriptive analysis was performed to identify product and manufacturer descriptions, create a timeline of events, and examine institutional and public reactions.

Results

The study provides a timeline of key events, from the launch of alcohol pouches to their eventual withdrawal following media scrutiny and government intervention. Observers, including politicians, and public commentators, emphasized the strong visual resemblance between the alcohol pouches and non-alcoholic fruit pouches intended for children. Existing Polish regulations proved insufficient to prevent the introduction of such products, highlighting the need for urgent policy updates. Public reaction and strong media criticism played a key role in prompting the regulatory changes.

Conclusion

This case highlights the risks posed by alcohol products resembling non-alcoholic fruit pouches and underscores gaps in Polish alcohol regulations. Stricter packaging rules, clearer labelling requirements, and improved enforcement mechanisms are essential to protect vulnerable groups, especially minors. The findings highlight the need for better industry monitoring and adoption of a more proactive regulatory approach in order to close legal gaps and protect public health.

在波兰，酒精消费仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题，人均摄入量很高。在年轻人饮酒减少的同时，饮酒业正在探索针对年轻人的营销策略。2024年，波兰推出的水果味酒精包装引起了人们的担忧，因为包装可能会吸引未成年人。这项研究旨在评估允许推出该产品的监管缺口，并审查政府机构、公共机构和一般公众的反应。方法对2024年6月至2025年1月期间公开的波兰语资料进行探索性网络综述。为了实现这一目标，在在线新闻门户网站、政府网站和社交媒体平台上进行了有针对性的关键词搜索。来源是根据其可信度和相关性来选择的，然后进行交叉验证以确保准确性。进行描述性分析以确定产品和制造商描述，创建事件时间表，并检查机构和公众的反应。该研究提供了一个关键事件的时间表，从推出酒精袋到最终在媒体审查和政府干预下退出。包括政治家和公共评论员在内的观察家强调，酒精袋和面向儿童的不含酒精的水果袋在视觉上非常相似。事实证明，波兰现有的法规不足以阻止此类产品的引入，这凸显了迫切需要更新政策。公众的反应和媒体的强烈批评在推动监管改革方面发挥了关键作用。结论：本案例强调了类似无酒精水果袋的酒精产品所带来的风险，并强调了波兰酒精法规的差距。更严格的包装规则、更明确的标签要求和改进的执法机制对于保护弱势群体，特别是未成年人至关重要。调查结果强调，需要更好地对行业进行监测，并采取更积极主动的管理办法，以缩小法律空白，保护公众健康。

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引用次数: 0

Silent couriers: animal exploitation in drug smuggling 沉默的信使：毒品走私中的动物剥削。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105114

Zeynep Arslan, Sena Nur Kadem, Zeynep Turkmen

引用次数: 0

Drug law is a multispecies concern 毒品法涉及多个物种。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105116

Kate Seear

In this essay, I argue that the law in general and drug law in particular are predicated on hierarchies of meaning and value, including hierarchies in which ‘the human’ is afforded primacy. This matters, because legal, policy and practice structures that privilege human interests are increasingly understood to be implicated in global injustice, climate and planetary crises. Western legal systems are coming under increasing scrutiny in legal scholarship, but such critiques have been less influential in drug research. The aim of this essay is to introduce readers to a wider, burgeoning literature that considers posthuman, multispecies and post-anthropocentric questions in law, to make a case for the importance of these critiques for our field and illustrate how they might be relevant. I argue that drug laws, policies and practices are a matter of concern for all creatures on Earth, including animals, bacteria, insects, plants and fungi. This should be obvious when we consider the fact that various beings, such as plants and fungi, have never been outside drug policy, including because they are very objects we humans cultivate and consume, and because they are some of the central targets of prohibition. Drawing on ideas from legal scholars working in ‘multispecies justice’ (Celermajer et al. 2024; Haraway 2008), ‘posthuman’ and ‘more-than-human’ legalities (e.g. Petersmann 2022; Jones 2021; Braverman 2015), I argue that we need new legal and policy approaches. I offer some provocations on what a posthuman or multispecies or approach to drug law, policy and practice might entail.

在这篇文章中，我认为一般的法律，特别是毒品法是基于意义和价值的等级制度，包括“人类”被赋予首要地位的等级制度。这很重要，因为人们越来越认识到，赋予人类利益特权的法律、政策和实践结构与全球不公正、气候和地球危机有关。西方的法律体系在法律学术领域正受到越来越多的审视，但这些批评在药物研究领域的影响力却较小。这篇文章的目的是向读者介绍一个更广泛的、新兴的文学，它考虑了法律中的后人类、多物种和后人类中心主义问题，为这些批评对我们领域的重要性提出了一个案例，并说明它们可能是如何相关的。我认为，毒品法律、政策和做法关系到地球上所有生物，包括动物、细菌、昆虫、植物和真菌。当我们考虑到各种生物，如植物和真菌，从来没有在毒品政策之外，包括因为它们是我们人类培育和消费的对象，因为它们是禁止的一些主要目标时，这一点应该是显而易见的。借鉴从事“多物种正义”（Celermajer et al. 2024; Haraway 2008）、“后人类”和“超越人类”法律研究的法律学者的观点（例如Petersmann 2022； Jones 2021; Braverman 2015），我认为我们需要新的法律和政策方法。我提出了一些关于后人类或多物种或毒品法律，政策和实践的方法可能带来的启发。

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引用次数: 0

“I just saw the alcohol brand, I never really thought of the zeros”: Young people’s views of NoLo and alibi alcohol sponsorship “我只是看到了酒精品牌，我从来没有真正想过零”：年轻人对NoLo和不在场酒精赞助的看法

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105108

Richard I. Purves , Jack G. Martin , Piotr Teodorowski , Olivia Brown

Alcohol companies frequently use sports sponsorship to maintain high visibility, even in jurisdictions with advertising restrictions. Strategies such as alibi marketing - using brand-associated slogans, colours, or fonts in place of explicit brand names, and NoLo marketing - promoting zero-alcohol variants of core brands, enable continued brand exposure. This study investigates young people's awareness of alcohol sponsorship and their perceptions of alibi and NoLo marketing in sports contexts.

In December 2024, ten online focus groups (N = 44) were conducted with participants aged 11–17, stratified by age (11–13, 14–15, 16–17) and sex (male/female). Participants showed strong awareness of alcohol brands, with many recognising alibi sponsorships and associating them with full-strength alcohol products. Alibi strategies were perceived as deliberate efforts to circumvent regulations. NoLo sponsorships were rarely identified as marketing for non-alcoholic beverages; instead, branding similarities to alcohol products led participants to view them as covert advertising. Many recommended clearer differentiation to avoid misleading messaging.

Findings highlight the pervasive impact of alcohol marketing on young people, even in partially restricted environments. Alibi and NoLo tactics sustain alcohol brand presence in sport, potentially normalising alcohol use and undermining policy efforts to reduce alcohol-related harm. These insights underscore the need for more comprehensive regulatory frameworks that address indirect marketing strategies and prioritise youth protection in sport sponsorship.

酒类公司经常利用体育赞助来保持高知名度，即使在有广告限制的司法管辖区也是如此。诸如不在场营销（使用与品牌相关的口号、颜色或字体代替明确的品牌名称）和NoLo营销（推广核心品牌的零酒精变体）等策略，使品牌得以持续曝光。本研究调查青少年对体育情境下酒精赞助的认知，以及他们对不在场证明和NoLo营销的认知。于2024年12月进行了10个在线焦点小组（N = 44），参与者年龄为11-17岁，按年龄（11-13岁、14-15岁、16-17岁）和性别（男/女）分层。参与者对酒精品牌表现出强烈的意识，许多人认识到不在场证明赞助商，并将其与全强度酒精产品联系在一起。不在场策略被认为是故意规避监管的努力。NoLo赞助很少被认定为非酒精饮料的营销；相反，品牌与酒精产品的相似性使参与者认为它们是隐蔽的广告。许多人建议更明确的区分，以避免误导性信息。调查结果强调了酒精营销对年轻人的普遍影响，即使在部分受限制的环境中也是如此。不在场证明和NoLo策略维持了酒精品牌在体育运动中的存在，可能使酒精使用正常化，并破坏了减少酒精相关危害的政策努力。这些见解强调需要更全面的监管框架来解决间接营销策略，并优先考虑在体育赞助中保护青少年。

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引用次数: 0

Difficulties following naturalistic psychedelic use and associations with adverse childhood experiences 自然致幻剂使用后的困难及其与不良童年经历的关联

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105105

Michelle Olofsson , Walter Osika , Simon B. Goldberg , Peter S. Hendricks , Predrag Petrovic , Tonya White , Cecilia U.D. Stenfors , Sankalp Chaturvedi , Otto Simonsson

Background

Naturalistic psychedelic use can result in a range of difficulties that impair social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning. Yet, the prevalence, phenomenology, and etiology of these outcomes remain poorly understood. Recent qualitative research has shown that individuals with long-term difficulties after psychedelic use sometimes attribute their challenges to childhood trauma. Further studies are needed to investigate these relationships.

Methods

In this cross-sectional mixed-methods study of U.S. adults with lifetime psychedelic use (n = 3168), we examined the prevalence, duration, and nature of psychedelic-related difficulties, as well as associations with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).

Results

Of all participants (n = 3168), most (n = 2785, 87.9 %) reported no difficulties; 6.4 % (n = 203) reported post-acute difficulties that lasted for more than one day, and 1.3 % (n = 40) for more than one year. Among those who reported difficulties (n = 383), 47 % (n = 180) reported that their difficulties resolved in one day or less. The most frequently reported post-acute difficulties were general anxiety (33.9 %), negative changes in self-concept (25.9 %), and social disconnection (23.0 %). In covariate-adjusted regression models, 2 ACEs (aOR: 2.24, p = 0.007), 3 ACEs (aOR: 2.27, p = 0.006), and ≥4 ACEs (aOR: 2.84, p < 0.001) were associated with higher odds of psychedelic-related difficulties compared to 0 ACEs. ≥4 ACEs were also associated with higher odds of difficulties that lasted more than one day (aOR: 2.37, p = 0.015) and more than one week (aOR: 2.89, p = 0.042).

Conclusion

There are a range of difficulties that can follow psychedelic use and childhood adversity may represent a risk factor for persistent adverse effects.

自然使用迷幻药会导致一系列损害社会、职业和其他重要功能领域的困难。然而，这些结果的患病率、现象学和病因学仍然知之甚少。最近的定性研究表明，在使用迷幻药后出现长期困难的个体有时将他们的挑战归因于童年创伤。需要进一步的研究来调查这些关系。方法在这项对终身使用致幻剂的美国成年人（n = 3168）进行的横断面混合方法研究中，我们检查了致幻剂相关困难的患病率、持续时间和性质，以及与不良童年经历（ace）的关系。结果在所有参与者（n = 3168）中，大多数（n = 2785, 87.9%）报告无困难；6.4% （n = 203）报告急性后困难持续超过一天，1.3% （n = 40）报告急性后困难持续超过一年。在报告困难的人中（n = 383）， 47% （n = 180）报告他们的困难在一天或更短的时间内解决。最常见的急性后困难是一般焦虑（33.9%），自我概念的负面变化（25.9%）和社会脱节（23.0%）。在协变量调整的回归模型中，与0次ace相比，2次ace （aOR: 2.24, p = 0.007）、3次ace （aOR: 2.27, p = 0.006）和≥4次ace （aOR: 2.84, p < 0.001）与迷幻相关困难的发生率较高。≥4次不良反应也与持续超过1天（aOR: 2.37, p = 0.015）和超过1周（aOR: 2.89, p = 0.042）的困难发生率较高相关。结论使用致幻剂后会出现一系列困难，童年时期的逆境可能是持续不良反应的危险因素。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating cannabis-attributable traffic fatalities: A response to Jin et al. (2025) 估计大麻导致的交通死亡人数：对Jin等人（2025）的回应

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105110

Russell S. Kamer, Stephen Warshafsky

引用次数: 0

Author response to commentary on 'Cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies' 作者对“大麻消费和机动车碰撞：观察性研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析”评论的回应

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105112

Andrew Jin , Jason W. Busse , Behnam Sadeghirad

引用次数: 0

Response to Jin et al. (IJDP, 2025, 142, Article 104832): Cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies 对Jin等人的回应（IJDP, 2025, 142, Article 104832）：大麻消费与机动车碰撞：观察性研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105111

Michael A. White

引用次数: 0

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