Applied Geography最新文献_第2页

Towards ecological civilization: Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and drivers of ecological quality transitions in China (2001–2020) 走向生态文明：中国生态质量转型的时空异质性与驱动因素（2001-2020 年）

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103439

Jiaxing Xin , Jun Yang , Huisheng Yu , Jiayi Ren , Wenbo Yu , Nan Cong , Xiangming Xiao , Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia , Xueming Li , Zhi Qiao

Global urbanization and climate change have a profound influence on the ecological quality (EQ) of China. In this study, utilizing the Google Earth Engine, we calculated the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the China Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) for the period 2001–2020. We analyzed its drivers using land use, socioeconomic, and climate data. According to the results, the national average RSEI values for 2001, 2010, 2016, and 2020 were 0.39, 0.41, 0.46, and 0.45, respectively, and the proportions of the moderate and upper grades were 54 % in 2001, 64 % in 2010, 76 % in 2016, and 73 % in 2020. The RSEI value in the forest cover area was higher than that in the urban built-up and non-vegetation cover area by 0.1–0.2. The correlation coefficients between each variable and RSEI presented a ladder distribution (along the trend distribution of the Huanyong line). Moreover, maximum temperature (Tmmx) consistently contributed the most to RSEI (the contribution rate was between 35 % and 40 %), followed by precipitation accumulation (Pre, the contribution rate was between 18 % and 28 %), and then DEM, GDP, population (PPP), and wind speed (VS), all with relatively lower contributions around 10 %. Furthermore, temperature surpassing 24 °C, precipitation below 90 mm, population exceeding 50, or GDP above 10,000 showed a negative correlation with RSEI. This study analyzed the regional differences in RSEI drivers in different regions of China, providing a reference for local targeted improvement measures.

全球城市化和气候变化对中国的生态质量（EQ）有着深远的影响。在本研究中，我们利用谷歌地球引擎计算了 2001-2020 年间中国遥感生态指数（RSEI）的时空异质性。我们利用土地利用、社会经济和气候数据分析了其驱动因素。结果显示，2001 年、2010 年、2016 年和 2020 年的全国 RSEI 平均值分别为 0.39、0.41、0.46 和 0.45，中上等级的比例在 2001 年为 54%，2010 年为 64%，2016 年为 76%，2020 年为 73%。森林覆盖区的 RSEI 值比城市建成区和非植被覆盖区高 0.1-0.2。各变量与 RSEI 之间的相关系数呈阶梯分布（沿环永线趋势分布）。此外，最高气温（Tmmx）对 RSEI 的贡献率一直最高（贡献率在 35% 至 40% 之间），其次是累积降水量（Pre，贡献率在 18% 至 28% 之间），然后是 DEM、GDP、人口（PPP）和风速（VS），贡献率均在 10% 左右，相对较低。此外，气温超过 24 °C、降水量低于 90 毫米、人口超过 50 或 GDP 超过 10,000 都与 RSEI 呈负相关。本研究分析了中国不同地区 RSEI 驱动因素的地区差异，为当地采取有针对性的改善措施提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing disruptions in post-pandemic population return patterns: A network perspective on Chinese cities 分析大流行后人口回流模式的中断：中国城市的网络视角

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103448

Xiaoyuan Zhang , Minrui Zheng , Peipei Wang , Yin Ma , Xinqi Zheng

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally reshaped global socio-economic structures, precipitating a profound transformation in people's lifestyles. An in-depth analysis of the disruptions in post-pandemic population returns patterns and the evolving driving factors can facilitate socio-economic recovery, development, and macro-control. This paper employs social network analysis to examine the spatial patterns and evolving urban locational attributes of the Population Mobility Network (PMN) during post-holiday returns in major Chinese cities amid the pandemic, assessing the impact of varying proximities on the PMN. The results indicate that: (1) During the pandemic, the geographic patterns of population mobility in China underwent significant fluctuations, with distinct regional and temporal variations, while intercity connections increasingly shifted toward shorter trips. (2) From 2019 to 2022, major Chinese cities experienced notable changes in status and connectivity, evolving into a multi-centric structure within the national population mobility network. (3) Community clusters predominantly adhere to provincial demarcations, maintaining stable structures within major urban agglomerations despite intense intra-regional competition, with clear distinctions in community stability between northern and southern regions. (4) Beyond traditional socio-economic factors, the level of digital finance has emerged as a new driver of population mobility, with the varied attributes of inter-city relationships also significantly influencing the PMN. Studying spatial patterns and urban location from the perspective of population mobility can inform post-pandemic optimization of national resource allocation and urban recovery strategies.

COVID-19 大流行从根本上重塑了全球社会经济结构，引发了人们生活方式的深刻变革。深入分析疫情后人口回流模式的混乱和不断变化的驱动因素，有助于社会经济的恢复、发展和宏观调控。本文运用社会网络分析方法，研究了大流行期间中国主要城市节后人口回流过程中人口流动网络（PMN）的空间模式和城市区位属性的演变，评估了不同的邻近性对人口流动网络的影响。结果表明(1）疫情期间，中国人口流动的地理格局发生了显著波动，具有明显的区域性和时间性差异，而城市间的联系则越来越多地转向短途旅行。(2）从 2019 年到 2022 年，中国主要城市的地位和连通性发生了显著变化，在全国人口流动网络中演变为多中心结构。(3）社区集群主要遵循省域划分，尽管区域内竞争激烈，但主要城市群内部结构保持稳定，南北地区社区稳定性差异明显。(4）除了传统的社会经济因素外，数字金融水平已成为人口流动的新动力，城市间关系的不同属性也对 PMN 产生了显著影响。从人口流动的角度研究空间模式和城市位置，可以为疫情后国家资源分配和城市恢复战略的优化提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Domesticating sustainability transitions: Spatial and temporal variation of industrial eco-efficiency in China 可持续性转型的本土化：中国工业生态效率的时空变化

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103452

Jing Shen , Lu Cui , Yehua Dennis Wei , Shaogu Wang

This study analyses regional industrial sustainability transitions from global and local perspectives. We measure industrial eco-efficiency (IEE) of 280 cities in China from 2010 to 2020 and analyze potential influencing factors using geographical and temporal weighted regression model. We find that foreign investment and international trade are positively associated with IEE with diminishing effects, and then local household consumption enhances IEE on the basis of local environmental governance. The effects of international environmental regulations and technology spillover on IEE are positive, as they align with China's drive for innovation. We further categorize cities into five distinct types based on the influences of both global and local factors—dominated by local environmental regulations, driven by international standards, propelled by foreign investment, shaped by local market dynamics, and affected by multiple factors. We conclude that regional industrial sustainability transitions in China are influenced by forces operating at various scales and exhibit distinct spatiotemporal variation. The drivers of these transitions have shifted from a global scale to a local scale, and both regional conditions and the stage of industrialization significantly affect the intensity of actions undertaken by different scale factors. Finally, we propose policy recommendations, considering regional heterogeneity and the stages of industrialization.

本研究从全球和地方视角分析了区域工业可持续性转型。我们测算了中国 280 个城市从 2010 年到 2020 年的工业生态效率（IEE），并利用地理和时间加权回归模型分析了潜在的影响因素。我们发现，外商投资和国际贸易与工业生态效率正相关，但影响递减，而本地家庭消费则在本地环境治理的基础上提高了工业生态效率。国际环境法规和技术外溢对 IEE 的影响是正向的，因为它们与中国的创新驱动力相一致。根据全球和地方因素的影响，我们进一步将城市分为五种不同类型--地方环境法规主导型、国际标准驱动型、外商投资推动型、地方市场动态塑造型和多重因素影响型。我们的结论是，中国的区域工业可持续发展转型受到不同规模力量的影响，并表现出明显的时空差异。这些转型的驱动因素已从全球尺度转向地方尺度，而地区条件和工业化阶段会显著影响不同尺度因素的作用强度。最后，考虑到地区差异和工业化阶段，我们提出了政策建议。

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引用次数: 0

Does micro-geographical proximity matter for knowledge spillovers? Evidence from the quasi-natural experiment of university relocation in China 微观地理邻近性对知识溢出有影响吗？来自中国大学搬迁准自然实验的证据

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103449

Xiaohan Zhong, Yingcheng Li

With the rapid development of knowledge economy, much attention has been paid to establishing university-based innovation zones, which are often believed to facilitate knowledge spillovers from universities to enterprises. However, relatively little is known about the impact of micro-geographical proximity between universities and firms on knowledge spillovers. This paper employs university relocation as a quasi-natural experiment to explore the effective scale and the causal impact of geographical proximity on knowledge spillovers of 98 Chinese universities, as represented by patent citations. Empirical results, based on difference-in-difference strategy and an instrumental variable approach, suggest that university relocation significantly promotes knowledge spillovers to both local and non-local firms. Moreover, universities that have established their new campuses in areas with more local enterprises tend to generate more knowledge spillovers after relocation. The effect of micro-geographical proximity is further verified through a comparative analysis of two specific cases.

随着知识经济的快速发展，建立以大学为基础的创新区备受关注，人们通常认为创新区能够促进知识从大学溢出到企业。然而，人们对大学与企业之间的微观地理邻近性对知识溢出的影响知之甚少。本文将大学搬迁作为一个准自然实验，探讨了以专利引用为代表的中国 98 所大学的有效规模以及地理邻近性对知识溢出的因果影响。基于差分策略和工具变量方法的实证结果表明，大学迁址显著促进了对本地和非本地企业的知识溢出。此外，在本地企业较多的地区建立新校区的大学在搬迁后往往会产生更多的知识溢出效应。通过对两个具体案例的比较分析，进一步验证了微观地理邻近性的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Maxent modeling for predicting the potential distribution of human-elephant conflict risk in Sri Lanka 用于预测斯里兰卡人象冲突风险潜在分布的 Maxent 模型

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103447

Sachini Jayakody , Ian Estacio , Corinthias P.M. Sianipar , Kenichiro Onitsuka , Mrittika Basu , Satoshi Hoshino

Human-elephant conflict (HEC) is a major problem that causes loss of life to both humans and elephants. While HEC risk models have been developed in past studies, there has not been any HEC risk models developed for the country with the highest annual HEC-related elephant deaths which is Sri Lanka. Thus, this study aims to develop a nationwide model to predict the risk of HEC and identify the most significant predictor variables for HEC in Sri Lanka. HEC risk variables and thirteen predictor variables were prepared using GIS tools. The MaxEnt application was used to input the risk variables (as presence points) and predictor variables (as environmental layers) and model the probability of HEC risk at 500m resolution. The modeling showed that distance to elephant distribution areas was the most important predictor variable for HEC, followed by vegetation area, elevation, rangeland area, population density, and agricultural area. The results are supported by past studies that show the preference of elephants to remain within their usual range, but venturing out for food and water when resources are lacking. This is the first study to develop a nationwide HEC risk map for Sri Lanka using machine learning.

人象冲突（HEC）是造成人类和大象生命损失的一个主要问题。虽然在过去的研究中已经建立了人象冲突风险模型，但对于斯里兰卡这个每年因人象冲突导致大象死亡人数最多的国家来说，还没有建立任何人象冲突风险模型。因此，本研究旨在开发一个全国范围的模型，以预测斯里兰卡的大象濒危程度风险，并确定最重要的大象濒危程度预测变量。本研究使用地理信息系统（GIS）工具编制了 HEC 风险变量和 13 个预测变量。使用 MaxEnt 应用程序输入风险变量（作为存在点）和预测变量（作为环境图层），并在 500 米分辨率下建立 HEC 风险概率模型。建模结果表明，与大象分布区的距离是 HEC 最重要的预测变量，其次是植被面积、海拔高度、牧场面积、人口密度和农业面积。过去的研究结果表明，大象喜欢留在其惯常活动范围内，但在资源缺乏时会外出觅食和饮水。这是首次利用机器学习技术为斯里兰卡绘制全国范围的 HEC 风险地图。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the contributing factors of urban crash levels: A novel stacking integrated learning framework 调查城市交通事故的诱因：新型堆叠式综合学习框架

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103440

Huiwen Liu , Weihua Zhang , Zeyang Cheng , Tengfei Wang

Crash contributing factors identification plays crucial role in preventing crashes and informing decision-making processes. However, current methods heavily rely on subjective judgments by technical experts, neglecting a comprehensive and scientific analysis. To address this gap, we propose a research framework that utilizes stacking integrated learning to predict crash risk levels and identify crash contributing factors. This framework first utilizes ArcGIS to construct adaptive buffers and obtain multi-source data (i. e., street view data, POI data, crash data). Then we integrate four single models (e.g., RF, SVM, XGBoost, NBC) as the base models, and treat their prediction results on the training data as a new feature set. We then train a meta model with the true labels as the supervision signal, thereby fusing the results of models into the meta model. The most effective model is determined through performance comparison, and the mean relative importance (MRI) of crash contributing factors on a spatial scale is derived from the results. The research results indicate that POIs have the highest MRI of 5.99% among all crash contributing factors ranking, followed by road signage markings (1.98%). These results contribute to enhancing transportation system performance, and intervening in hazardous areas in advance to reduce the occurrence of crashes.

事故诱因识别在预防事故和为决策过程提供信息方面起着至关重要的作用。然而，目前的方法严重依赖于技术专家的主观判断，忽视了全面、科学的分析。为了弥补这一不足，我们提出了一个研究框架，利用堆叠集成学习来预测碰撞风险水平并识别碰撞诱因。该框架首先利用 ArcGIS 构建自适应缓冲区并获取多源数据（即街景数据、POI 数据、碰撞数据）。然后，我们将四个单一模型（如 RF、SVM、XGBoost、NBC）整合为基础模型，并将它们在训练数据上的预测结果视为新的特征集。然后，我们以真实标签作为监督信号来训练元模型，从而将各模型的结果融合到元模型中。通过性能比较确定最有效的模型，并从结果中得出碰撞诱因在空间尺度上的平均相对重要性（MRI）。研究结果表明，在所有导致碰撞的因素排名中，POI 的 MRI 最高，为 5.99%，其次是道路标志标线（1.98%）。这些结果有助于提高交通系统的性能，并提前干预危险区域，减少交通事故的发生。

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引用次数: 0

Landscape heterogeneity shows contrasting spatial patterns but similar temporal changes since the 1840s 自 19 世纪 40 年代以来，景观的异质性表现出截然不同的空间模式，但时间变化却相似

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103431

Martina Sychrová , Hana Skokanová , Martin Musil , Jan Divíšek

Studying landscape heterogeneity (LH) and its changes over time is crucial for understanding ecosystem dynamics and developing effective strategies for biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptation. However, such studies over large areas and long time periods are rare due to the limited availability of land-cover data. Here, we examine two components of LH across the Czech Republic since the 1840s, namely compositional LH representing land cover diversity and configurational LH reflecting spatial landscape structure. Using digitised topographic maps and the Shannon index, we analyse LH distribution and its relationship with land cover changes. Our results show different spatial patterns in LH components, especially in low- and mid-elevation regions compared to mountainous areas. Temporal trends indicate a consistent increase in LH since the 1870s in low- and mid-elevation regions driven by land conversion to urban and agricultural areas. Conversely, mountainous regions show contrasting trends, with compositional LH declining due to forest expansion. We emphasise the importance of considering both the compositional and configurational components of LH in ecological studies and using indices that allow direct comparison between them.

研究景观异质性（LH）及其随时间的变化对于了解生态系统动态以及制定有效的生物多样性保护和气候变化适应战略至关重要。然而，由于可用的土地覆盖数据有限，这种大面积、长时间的研究并不多见。在此，我们研究了自 19 世纪 40 年代以来捷克共和国境内土地覆被的两个组成部分，即代表土地覆被多样性的组成性土地覆被和反映空间景观结构的构型性土地覆被。利用数字化地形图和香农指数，我们分析了 LH 分布及其与土地覆被变化的关系。我们的研究结果表明，LH 成分的空间模式不同，尤其是中低海拔地区与山区相比。时间趋势表明，自 19 世纪 70 年代以来，中低海拔地区的 LH 在土地向城市和农业区转化的推动下持续增长。相反，山区则呈现出相反的趋势，由于森林扩张，成分 LH 出现下降。我们强调，在生态研究中必须同时考虑 LH 的组成成分和构型成分，并使用可直接比较两者的指数。

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引用次数: 0

Urban heterogeneity of the trade-offs between exposure to greenery and walking distance in children's home–school routes 儿童从家到学校路线中绿化覆盖率与步行距离权衡的城市异质性

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103437

Mojtaba Khanian , Edyta Łaszkiewicz , Jakub Kronenberg , Daria Sikorska

Greenery fosters sustainable outdoor environments and promotes walking and healthy lifestyles. Greening children's home–school routes can be seen as an environmentally sustainable solution that enhances their daily interaction with nature. However, the uneven distribution of greenery and route networks within cities results in varied opportunities for pedestrians, including children, to experience greenery.

This study evaluates the urban heterogeneity of trade-offs between exposure to greenery and route length. We focus on the shortest and greenest hypothetical home–school routes for all children in the city. For this purpose, we conducted a spatial analysis using multiple spatially explicit data sets on primary schoolchildren, pedestrian street networks, and high-resolution urban green space maps, with Łódź (Poland) as the case study city.

Children who opt for the greenest hypothetical routes instead of the shortest could increase their exposure to greenery by 18%. However, maximizing exposure to greenery requires choosing routes 9.5% (46 m) longer than the shortest alternative. The trade-off between the shortest and greenest home–school routes is more pronounced for children in the urban core area compared to other city zones. This urban heterogeneity should be considered when allocating new greenery to support active transportation.

绿化可营造可持续的户外环境，促进步行和健康的生活方式。绿化儿童从家到学校的路线可被视为一种环境可持续发展的解决方案，能增强他们与大自然的日常互动。然而，城市中的绿化和路线网络分布不均，导致包括儿童在内的行人体验绿化的机会各不相同。我们重点研究了城市中所有儿童从家到学校的最短和最绿的假定路线。为此，我们以罗兹（波兰）为案例城市，利用小学生、步行街网络和高分辨率城市绿地地图等多个空间明确数据集进行了空间分析。然而，要最大限度地接触绿色植物，需要选择比最短路线长 9.5%（46 米）的路线。与其他城市区域相比，城市核心区域的儿童在最短和最绿的家校路线之间的权衡更为明显。在分配新绿地以支持主动交通时，应考虑这种城市异质性。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring an adaptive management model for “status-optimization-regulation” of mining city in transition: A case study of Huangshi, China 探索转型期矿业城市 "现状-优化-调控 "的适应性管理模式：中国黄石案例研究

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103438

Yingshuang Li , Lunche Wang , Qian Cao , Xihui Gu , Yunbo Lu , Yuhua Luo

Mining cities face the challenges of ecological transformation and sustainable development after mineral depletion. Thus, ecological space optimization and adaptive management are pivotal after ecological restoration project, but easily neglected. Taking Huangshi in Hubei Province as an example, a top-down adaptive management model for regional mining ecological space integrating status-optimization-regulation (SOR) was established based on land system resilience (LSR) evaluation, circuit theory, complex network model and community discovery algorithm. The results showed that i) As the LSR increased, the land use structure shifted from non-ecological zones to forest and cropland, indicating that balancing agriculture and forest protection was crucial for increasing LSR in Huangshi. i) The ecological networks (ENs) of Huangshi had an irregular fishnet pattern, with densely intricate corridors in the south and broader, sparser ones in the north, and numerous ecological barriers near the mining area. Furthermore, the distribution of ecological sources and corridors displayed complementarity and hierarchy. iii) The optimized ENs exhibited higher connectivity and efficiency under disturbance, reducing corridor redundancy and migration costs. iv) The ENs clusters were classified into five types based on ecological connectivity: ecological buffer zone, priority restoration zone, moderate restoration zone, natural restoration zone, and moderate development zone, and tailored ecological regulatory strategies were proposed. The findings provide practice-oriented guidance for the sustainable development of mining cities, and offer a direct approach to support conscious, clear, and coherent adaptive management of ecological restoration in rapidly changing environments.

矿业城市面临着矿产枯竭后生态转型和可持续发展的挑战。因此，生态空间优化和适应性管理在生态修复工程后至关重要，但却容易被忽视。以湖北省黄石市为例，基于土地系统恢复力（LSR）评价、回路理论、复杂网络模型和群落发现算法，建立了集现状-优化-调控（SOR）为一体的自上而下的区域矿山生态空间适应性管理模式。结果表明：i）随着土地系统恢复力的提高，土地利用结构由非生态区向森林和耕地转变，这表明平衡农业和森林保护对提高黄石的土地系统恢复力至关重要；ii）黄石的生态网络（ENs）呈不规则鱼网状，南部走廊密集错综，北部走廊宽阔稀疏，矿区附近生态屏障众多。iii）优化后的 ENs 在干扰条件下表现出更高的连通性和效率，减少了廊道冗余和迁移成本；iv）根据生态连通性将 ENs 群划分为五种类型：生态缓冲区、优先恢复区、适度恢复区、自然恢复区和适度发展区，并提出了有针对性的生态调控策略。研究结果为矿业城市的可持续发展提供了以实践为导向的指导，并为在快速变化的环境中有意识地、清晰地、协调一致地进行生态恢复适应性管理提供了直接方法。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling interprovincial geographic patterns of 5A-level tourism cultural ecosystem service flows and tourist preferences in China's metacoupled systems 揭示中国元耦合系统中 5A 级旅游文化生态系统服务流的省际地理格局和游客偏好

IF 4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103432

Tao Liu , Le Yu , Jianguo Liu , Zhenci Xu , Xin Chen , Hui Wu , Shijun Zheng , Qiang Zhao , Peng Gong

In the metacoupling Anthropocene, tourism-based culture ecosystem services flows (CESF) can establish non-material bridges from the natural to the human system, even across vast geographic distances. However, there remains a knowledge gap regarding investigation of nature-related tourist travel patterns at geographic flow scales. To address this gap, we analyzed the intracoupling (within-province), pericoupling (adjacent-province), and telecoupling (distant-provincial) flow patterns using a sample of 143,681 5A attractions travel comments with Internet Protocol (IP) location data. Emotional preferences derived from travel reviews were then quantified using machine learning models in China's post-COVID-19 pandemic era. The results showed significant spatial differences in nature-based 5A-level CESF, China's telecoupling performance of CESF (0.34) is higher than pericoupling (0.20), but intracoupling (0.46) remains dominant. Tourists from northeastern provinces exhibited a preferences for telecoupling, while those from southwestern provinces showed intracoupling patterns. Forest ecosystems contribute nearly one-third (30.70%) of cultural services and are primarily characterized by intracoupling patterns. Sentiment analysis indicated that tourists' emotional preferences vary with travel distance, with long-distance tourists tending to appreciate indigenous cultures. Overall, this study provides new insights into investigating the dynamics of CESF, which could inform policy actions aimed at revitalizing the tourism sector.

在元耦合的人类世，以旅游业为基础的文化生态系统服务流（CESF）可以建立从自然到人类系统的非物质桥梁，甚至可以跨越遥远的地理距离。然而，在地理流量尺度上对与自然相关的游客旅行模式的调查仍是一个知识空白。为了填补这一空白，我们使用 143,681 条带有互联网协议（IP）位置数据的 5A 景点旅游评论样本，分析了省内（省内）、周边（邻省）和远程（远省）的流动模式。然后，在中国后 COVID-19 大流行时代，使用机器学习模型对旅游评论中的情感偏好进行量化。结果显示，基于自然的 5A 级 CESF 存在明显的空间差异，中国的远程耦合 CESF（0.34）高于周边耦合（0.20），但内部耦合（0.46）仍占主导地位。来自东北三省的游客表现出远程耦合偏好，而来自西南省份的游客则表现出内部耦合模式。森林生态系统贡献了近三分之一（30.70%）的文化服务，并主要表现为内耦合模式。情感分析表明，游客的情感偏好随旅行距离而变化，长途游客倾向于欣赏本土文化。总之，本研究为调查 CESF 的动态提供了新的见解，可为旨在振兴旅游业的政策行动提供参考。

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引用次数: 0