Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103787
Haoying Wang , Rafael Garduno-Rivera , Neil Reid
The food and beverage industries are constantly evolving, with changes driven by shifting consumer preferences, technological advancements, economic policies, and a growing emphasis on sustainability. These changes create both challenges and opportunities for the industry, producer and consumer responses to which will define, among other things, the production landscape, business models, and the policy and regulatory agenda. This special issue assembles twelve studies with diverse methodologies to explore emerging issues in the food and beverage industries and inspire future research. The research topics cover environmental footprints and sustainability, trade and economic development, market structure and dynamics, small businesses and labor markets, commodity and specialty crops, and challenges and opportunities in food and beverage-related service sectors.
{"title":"Evolving food and beverage landscapes: A multidisciplinary inquiry into technological innovation, policy, and industry structure","authors":"Haoying Wang , Rafael Garduno-Rivera , Neil Reid","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The food and beverage industries are constantly evolving, with changes driven by shifting consumer preferences, technological advancements, economic policies, and a growing emphasis on sustainability. These changes create both challenges and opportunities for the industry, producer and consumer responses to which will define, among other things, the production landscape, business models, and the policy and regulatory agenda. This special issue assembles twelve studies with diverse methodologies to explore emerging issues in the food and beverage industries and inspire future research. The research topics cover environmental footprints and sustainability, trade and economic development, market structure and dynamics, small businesses and labor markets, commodity and specialty crops, and challenges and opportunities in food and beverage-related service sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 103787"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103775
Lili Liu , Yizhen Wu , Kaifang Shi
The phenomenon of hillside urban expansion (HUE) has emerged in numerous countries as a strategic response to topographical constraints and the relentless encroachment upon cultivated land due to urban expansion. Despite its prevalence, the literature has often undervalued the constructive impact of HUE on the sustainable advancement of human societies. To address this gap, an integrated methodology leveraging remote sensing data and statistical analysis was developed to thoroughly examine the global implications of HUE on sustainable human development, with a focus on the conservation of cultivated land and the enhancement of population capacity from 2000 to 2020. Over these 20 years, HUE accounted for 43.29% of total urban expansion (23.19 million km2), with low HUE dominating (74.54%), followed by moderate HUE (15.85%) and heavy HUE (9.61%). Theoretically, HUE preserved an extensive area of 11.57 million km2 of cultivated land, thereby mitigating the pressure on such lands by 21.63%, and augmenting grain production by 24.61 × 106 t/year. In addition, HUE provided shelter for an urbanized population of 78.81 million people, contributing significantly to urban population capacity by 38.22%, which is especially vital in low income (LI) countries. A human sustainable development index (SDI) was formulated by integrating the contributions of HUE to both cultivated land conservation and population capacity. Globally, the average SDI stood at 1.04, with the highest values observed in LI countries. This study presents a novel perspective on the role of HUE in bolstering global sustainability initiatives and furnishes a theoretical framework for cultivating a harmonious human-land relationship at a global scale.
{"title":"Urban ascent with sustainable human development: Extensive cultivated land conservation and urban population capacity growth supported by hillside urban expansion","authors":"Lili Liu , Yizhen Wu , Kaifang Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phenomenon of <em>hillside urban expansion</em> (HUE) has emerged in numerous countries as a strategic response to topographical constraints and the relentless encroachment upon cultivated land due to urban expansion. Despite its prevalence, the literature has often undervalued the constructive impact of HUE on the sustainable advancement of human societies. To address this gap, an integrated methodology leveraging remote sensing data and statistical analysis was developed to thoroughly examine the global implications of HUE on sustainable human development, with a focus on the conservation of cultivated land and the enhancement of population capacity from 2000 to 2020. Over these 20 years, HUE accounted for 43.29% of total urban expansion (23.19 million km<sup>2</sup>), with low HUE dominating (74.54%), followed by moderate HUE (15.85%) and heavy HUE (9.61%). Theoretically, HUE preserved an extensive area of 11.57 million km<sup>2</sup> of cultivated land, thereby mitigating the pressure on such lands by 21.63%, and augmenting grain production by 24.61 × 10<sup>6</sup> t/year. In addition, HUE provided shelter for an urbanized population of 78.81 million people, contributing significantly to urban population capacity by 38.22%, which is especially vital in <em>low income</em> (LI) countries. A <em>human sustainable development index</em> (SDI) was formulated by integrating the contributions of HUE to both cultivated land conservation and population capacity. Globally, the average SDI stood at 1.04, with the highest values observed in LI countries. This study presents a novel perspective on the role of HUE in bolstering global sustainability initiatives and furnishes a theoretical framework for cultivating a harmonious human-land relationship at a global scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 103775"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103770
Henri Debray , Richard Lemoine-Rodríguez , Michael Wurm , Xiaoxiang Zhu , Hannes Taubenböck
The physical forms of cities emerge from the interplay of diverse processes shaped by various factors, including political, cultural, economic, and geographic influences. As such, this physical aspect, the urban fabric is deeply heterogeneous at multiple levels, from the intra-urban to the global scales. Although peering into these two scales provided the field of urban morphology great insights, the combination of both scales has, to the best of the authors knowledge, never been investigated, mainly because of lack of data. Yet, this combination of such scales could enable the understanding of global and local processes of homogenization or specification of the urban fabric and the way they embed themselves in nowadays urbanization. The recent evolutions in data quality, coverage, comprehensiveness and consistency makes such cross-scaled investigations now possible. Previous work proposed a universal typology of intra-urban patterns relying on a global classification of intra-urban morphology. Based on these results, this study aims to localize the distinct intra-urban patterns across the globe to characterize their geographical distributions. By categorizing these geographical distributions into six main modes, ranging from the most local to the most global, we assess for each type of intra-urban patterns their global spread. This allows to quantify the status quo on the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the global urban fabric. We find that although close to half of the global urban fabric is composed of very widely spread patterns, a non-neglectable number of patterns exist only in very specific regions of the globe. We thus show empirically that in its current status quo, the global urban fabric leans toward a global homogeneity, yet at the same time, local heterogeneities are persistent on a worldwide scale. This informs us about the dissemination of urban planning practices and paradigms and enables us to critically ponder on their driving forces.
{"title":"Distributions of types of urban fabrics around the world: Beyond narratives of global regularities and local specificities","authors":"Henri Debray , Richard Lemoine-Rodríguez , Michael Wurm , Xiaoxiang Zhu , Hannes Taubenböck","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physical forms of cities emerge from the interplay of diverse processes shaped by various factors, including political, cultural, economic, and geographic influences. As such, this physical aspect, the urban fabric is deeply heterogeneous at multiple levels, from the intra-urban to the global scales. Although peering into these two scales provided the field of urban morphology great insights, the combination of both scales has, to the best of the authors knowledge, never been investigated, mainly because of lack of data. Yet, this combination of such scales could enable the understanding of global and local processes of homogenization or specification of the urban fabric and the way they embed themselves in nowadays urbanization. The recent evolutions in data quality, coverage, comprehensiveness and consistency makes such cross-scaled investigations now possible. Previous work proposed a universal typology of intra-urban patterns relying on a global classification of intra-urban morphology. Based on these results, this study aims to localize the distinct intra-urban patterns across the globe to characterize their geographical distributions. By categorizing these geographical distributions into six main modes, ranging from the most local to the most global, we assess for each type of intra-urban patterns their global spread. This allows to quantify the <em>status quo</em> on the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the global urban fabric. We find that although close to half of the global urban fabric is composed of very widely spread patterns, a non-neglectable number of patterns exist only in very specific regions of the globe. We thus show empirically that in its current <em>status quo</em>, the global urban fabric leans toward a global homogeneity, yet at the same time, local heterogeneities are persistent on a worldwide scale. This informs us about the dissemination of urban planning practices and paradigms and enables us to critically ponder on their driving forces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 103770"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103768
Haifeng Niu , Ana Paula Seraphim , Paulo Morgado , Bruno Miranda , Elisabete A. Silva
This paper investigates the spatial distribution of emotional expression in urban environments using geotagged social media data, with particular attention to disparities across demographic groups and the contextual factors that shape them. Emotional content is classified into eight categories, derived from text and emojis, using the NRC Emotion Lexicon. A multimodal deep learning model is used to infer the age and gender of the users, allowing the identification of spatial emotion patterns in demographic cohorts. To mitigate compositional bias inherent in social media data, we normalise for demographic representation and analyse within-city variation using geostatistical techniques. Hotspot analyses reveal pronounced spatial disparities in emotional expression by age and gender. Further analysis shows that disparities in emotional expression are significantly associated with environmental exposures (e.g., air pollution, noise levels, heat risk), characteristics of the built environment (e.g. pedestrian and cycling flows), health outcomes (e.g. dementia, obesity, depression prevalence) and behavioural factors such as physical activity and active transport. The findings suggest that unequal exposure to urban conditions shapes differentiated affective experiences, offering new insights into the spatial determinants of subjective well-being. By integrating emotion detection, demographic inference, and spatial modelling, this study provides a scalable and demographically aware framework to analyse affective inequality in cities.
{"title":"Mapping urban emotion from geotagged social media data: Age, gender and spatial heterogeneity","authors":"Haifeng Niu , Ana Paula Seraphim , Paulo Morgado , Bruno Miranda , Elisabete A. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the spatial distribution of emotional expression in urban environments using geotagged social media data, with particular attention to disparities across demographic groups and the contextual factors that shape them. Emotional content is classified into eight categories, derived from text and emojis, using the NRC Emotion Lexicon. A multimodal deep learning model is used to infer the age and gender of the users, allowing the identification of spatial emotion patterns in demographic cohorts. To mitigate compositional bias inherent in social media data, we normalise for demographic representation and analyse within-city variation using geostatistical techniques. Hotspot analyses reveal pronounced spatial disparities in emotional expression by age and gender. Further analysis shows that disparities in emotional expression are significantly associated with environmental exposures (e.g., air pollution, noise levels, heat risk), characteristics of the built environment (e.g. pedestrian and cycling flows), health outcomes (e.g. dementia, obesity, depression prevalence) and behavioural factors such as physical activity and active transport. The findings suggest that unequal exposure to urban conditions shapes differentiated affective experiences, offering new insights into the spatial determinants of subjective well-being. By integrating emotion detection, demographic inference, and spatial modelling, this study provides a scalable and demographically aware framework to analyse affective inequality in cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 103768"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103777
Hyebin Kim , Minkyu Kim , Sugie Lee
Food accessibility is a critical component for urban residents, and the rapid socio-demographic and digital transformation has fundamentally reshaped how people access food. This study investigates the spatial and socio-demographic disparities in food accessibility across South Korea by integrating online and offline grocery access. We propose a nationwide comprehensive food accessibility index, using the Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method to analyze spatial gaps and influencing factors. By integrating spatial network analysis and logistics data from major e-commerce platforms, this study evaluates the spatial distribution of food accessibility and identifies driving factors using multiple linear regression analysis. The key findings are as follows: First, online grocery delivery services exacerbate spatial inequalities rather than mitigating challenges to food accessibility. Second, the findings highlight a non-linear relationship between food accessibility and the percentage of National Basic Livelihood Security (NBLS) recipients, suggesting a threshold beyond which increased economic vulnerability corresponds to decreased accessibility. Lastly, we found a negative relationship between the food accessibility index and the ratio of elderly residents. These findings reveal a policy blind spot in current income-based assistance and highlight the need for refined targeting in the Agrifood Voucher program, ensuring support reaches the most deprived areas. By analyzing inequalities across regional, age, and income dimensions, this study underscores the need for integrated offline-online policy frameworks and targeted policy recommendations aimed at effectively addressing food accessibility challenges and promoting equitable access to nutritious food for all residents.
{"title":"Spatial inequalities and driving factors in food accessibility: Integrating online and offline grocery services in South Korea","authors":"Hyebin Kim , Minkyu Kim , Sugie Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food accessibility is a critical component for urban residents, and the rapid socio-demographic and digital transformation has fundamentally reshaped how people access food. This study investigates the spatial and socio-demographic disparities in food accessibility across South Korea by integrating online and offline grocery access. We propose a nationwide comprehensive food accessibility index, using the Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method to analyze spatial gaps and influencing factors. By integrating spatial network analysis and logistics data from major e-commerce platforms, this study evaluates the spatial distribution of food accessibility and identifies driving factors using multiple linear regression analysis. The key findings are as follows: First, online grocery delivery services exacerbate spatial inequalities rather than mitigating challenges to food accessibility. Second, the findings highlight a non-linear relationship between food accessibility and the percentage of National Basic Livelihood Security (NBLS) recipients, suggesting a threshold beyond which increased economic vulnerability corresponds to decreased accessibility. Lastly, we found a negative relationship between the food accessibility index and the ratio of elderly residents. These findings reveal a policy blind spot in current income-based assistance and highlight the need for refined targeting in the Agrifood Voucher program, ensuring support reaches the most deprived areas. By analyzing inequalities across regional, age, and income dimensions, this study underscores the need for integrated offline-online policy frameworks and targeted policy recommendations aimed at effectively addressing food accessibility challenges and promoting equitable access to nutritious food for all residents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 103777"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103774
Can Yang , Geli Zhang , Jinwei Dong
Forest integrity plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of species extinction. However, as one of the biodiversity-rich countries, China lacks a comprehensive understanding of the current state of forest integrity, particularly regarding the representation of high-integrity forests within the habitats of forest-dwelling species. This knowledge gap hinders our ability to simulate conservation priorities for the effective expansion of protected areas (PAs), safeguarding the most valuable remaining forests. Here, we integrate a recently released forest integrity dataset with habitat data for 2,022 forest-dwelling species to assess the current status of forest integrity in China and the representativeness of high-integrity forests within their habitats. Building on this, we apply spatial prioritization software to identify potential PAs (i.e., priority ranked 100-70 %) for forest conservation. Our results reveal that forest integrity in China exhibits a distinct spatial pattern–higher in the north than in the south, and higher in the west than in the east. High-integrity forests are poorly represented within the habitats of forest-dwelling species (Jacob's Index <0), particularly for threatened species (Jacob's Index close to −1). Potential PAs are primarily located in Yun Nan (12.9 Mha), Si Chuan (6.3 Mha), Guang Xi (5.9 Mha), and Tebit (5.7 Mha). If all of these potential PAs were incorporated into the PA network, China's PA coverage would increase by 6 %, from the current 14 % to approximately 20 %. Our findings provide a critical empirical foundation for forest conservation planning in China to achieve the targets of the Global Biodiversity Framework.
森林完整性在减少物种灭绝风险方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，作为生物多样性丰富的国家之一，中国缺乏对森林完整性现状的全面了解，特别是在森林栖息物种栖息地内高完整性森林的代表性方面。这种知识差距阻碍了我们模拟保护优先事项的能力，从而有效扩大保护区（pa），保护最宝贵的剩余森林。在此，我们整合了最近发布的森林完整性数据集和2022种森林栖息物种的栖息地数据，以评估中国森林完整性的现状和高完整性森林在其栖息地中的代表性。在此基础上，我们应用空间优先级软件来识别森林保护的潜在pa（即优先级为100- 70%）。结果表明，中国森林完整性呈现出明显的空间格局，即北高南低、西高东低。在森林栖息物种的栖息地中，高完整性森林的代表性很差（Jacob's Index <0），特别是对于受威胁物种（Jacob's Index接近- 1）。潜在保护区主要分布在云南（12.9 Mha）、四川（6.3 Mha）、广西（5.9 Mha）和西藏（5.7 Mha）。如果所有这些潜在的PA都被纳入PA网络，中国的PA覆盖率将增加6%，从目前的14%增加到大约20%。研究结果为中国森林保护规划实现全球生物多样性框架目标提供了重要的实证基础。
{"title":"Using spatial prioritization to identify potential protected areas for protecting the most valuable remaining forests in China","authors":"Can Yang , Geli Zhang , Jinwei Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest integrity plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of species extinction. However, as one of the biodiversity-rich countries, China lacks a comprehensive understanding of the current state of forest integrity, particularly regarding the representation of high-integrity forests within the habitats of forest-dwelling species. This knowledge gap hinders our ability to simulate conservation priorities for the effective expansion of protected areas (PAs), safeguarding the most valuable remaining forests. Here, we integrate a recently released forest integrity dataset with habitat data for 2,022 forest-dwelling species to assess the current status of forest integrity in China and the representativeness of high-integrity forests within their habitats. Building on this, we apply spatial prioritization software to identify potential PAs (i.e., priority ranked 100-70 %) for forest conservation. Our results reveal that forest integrity in China exhibits a distinct spatial pattern–higher in the north than in the south, and higher in the west than in the east. High-integrity forests are poorly represented within the habitats of forest-dwelling species (Jacob's Index <0), particularly for threatened species (Jacob's Index close to −1). Potential PAs are primarily located in Yun Nan (12.9 Mha), Si Chuan (6.3 Mha), Guang Xi (5.9 Mha), and Tebit (5.7 Mha). If all of these potential PAs were incorporated into the PA network, China's PA coverage would increase by 6 %, from the current 14 % to approximately 20 %. Our findings provide a critical empirical foundation for forest conservation planning in China to achieve the targets of the Global Biodiversity Framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 103774"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103772
Zixiao Chen , Hongyu Liu , Li Zhang
China's underdeveloped rental market has contributed to elevated housing prices and increasing affordability challenges. To address weak incentives for rental housing development arising from extremely low rent-to-price ratios, the Shanghai government introduced a dedicated land category (R4) in 2017, offering land exclusively for rental housing at significantly discounted prices to lower development costs and stimulate supply. This study investigates the allocation pattern of rental-designated land parcels. Despite a mild tendency toward peripheral areas, R4 parcels are generally well-located, close to subway stations and employment opportunities. Using a revealed-preference approach, we quantitatively compare the liveability of different residential land types and find that rental parcels are comparable to, or even superior to, those for sale housing. These findings reflect a deliberate effort by local governments to promote spatial equity in affordable housing provision. However, this achievement entails substantial fiscal costs. Each R4 parcel incurs an average opportunity cost of 1.1 billion CNY, raising concerns about the policy sustainability. Successful and sustainable housing security requires further optimizing land allocation based on the relative suitability for rental versus ownership housing, as well as renters' heterogeneous preferences across submarkets, to reduce opportunity cost and improve land-use efficiency.
{"title":"Optimizing land allocation for affordable rental housing: Lessons from Shanghai's R4 land policy","authors":"Zixiao Chen , Hongyu Liu , Li Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China's underdeveloped rental market has contributed to elevated housing prices and increasing affordability challenges. To address weak incentives for rental housing development arising from extremely low rent-to-price ratios, the Shanghai government introduced a dedicated land category (R4) in 2017, offering land exclusively for rental housing at significantly discounted prices to lower development costs and stimulate supply. This study investigates the allocation pattern of rental-designated land parcels. Despite a mild tendency toward peripheral areas, R4 parcels are generally well-located, close to subway stations and employment opportunities. Using a revealed-preference approach, we quantitatively compare the liveability of different residential land types and find that rental parcels are comparable to, or even superior to, those for sale housing. These findings reflect a deliberate effort by local governments to promote spatial equity in affordable housing provision. However, this achievement entails substantial fiscal costs. Each R4 parcel incurs an average opportunity cost of 1.1 billion CNY, raising concerns about the policy sustainability. Successful and sustainable housing security requires further optimizing land allocation based on the relative suitability for rental versus ownership housing, as well as renters' heterogeneous preferences across submarkets, to reduce opportunity cost and improve land-use efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 103772"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103771
Wei Sun , Han Sun , Qianyu Guo
Industrial co-agglomeration is the most prominent geographical feature of economic activities and also a worldwide phenomenon, yet existing methods primarily rely on discrete spatial units such as administrative divisions, causing issues like the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP). To address this, Duranton and Overman proposed the DO index. Building on this, the study develops an improved framework incorporating three dimensions—intensity, scale, and location—and applies it to analyze spatiotemporal patterns and features of manufacturing co-agglomeration in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. Results show: (1) In intensity, the overall pattern remains stable with a slight decline, exhibiting a Matthew effect. (2) In scale, dominant co-agglomeration distances shifted from 25 to 68 km in 2008 to both within 55 km and 75–103 km in 2018, indicating a simultaneous contraction of intra-provincial collaboration radius and strengthening of inter-regional co-agglomeration. (3) In location, the proportion of the scope of occurrence of agglomeration decreased from 44.40 % to 39.76 %, reducing the overall scope of agglomeration, and the spatial pattern evolved from a dual-core (Beijing-Tianjin) concentration to a more polycentric, resulting in a more balanced distribution. (4) Methodologically, this study enhances the DO index by optimizing threshold selection, reducing kernel density partitions, increasing the critical co-agglomeration value, and incorporating location information. These improvements provide methodological references for similar studies and empirical evidence for exploring mechanisms and optimization paths of industrial co-agglomeration.
{"title":"Application and improvement of the DO index in measuring industrial Co-agglomeration: The case of the BTH region in China","authors":"Wei Sun , Han Sun , Qianyu Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial co-agglomeration is the most prominent geographical feature of economic activities and also a worldwide phenomenon, yet existing methods primarily rely on discrete spatial units such as administrative divisions, causing issues like the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP). To address this, Duranton and Overman proposed the DO index. Building on this, the study develops an improved framework incorporating three dimensions—intensity, scale, and location—and applies it to analyze spatiotemporal patterns and features of manufacturing co-agglomeration in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. Results show: (1) In intensity, the overall pattern remains stable with a slight decline, exhibiting a Matthew effect. (2) In scale, dominant co-agglomeration distances shifted from 25 to 68 km in 2008 to both within 55 km and 75–103 km in 2018, indicating a simultaneous contraction of intra-provincial collaboration radius and strengthening of inter-regional co-agglomeration. (3) In location, the proportion of the scope of occurrence of agglomeration decreased from 44.40 % to 39.76 %, reducing the overall scope of agglomeration, and the spatial pattern evolved from a dual-core (Beijing-Tianjin) concentration to a more polycentric, resulting in a more balanced distribution. (4) Methodologically, this study enhances the DO index by optimizing threshold selection, reducing kernel density partitions, increasing the critical co-agglomeration value, and incorporating location information. These improvements provide methodological references for similar studies and empirical evidence for exploring mechanisms and optimization paths of industrial co-agglomeration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 103771"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be a catalysing force for urban innovation in general, and for smart city agendas specifically, throughout the world. From the development of contact tracing technologies and the enforcement of quarantine and safe distancing measures, to the dissemination of public health information and advancement of telehealth rollouts, the promises of “smart” technologies to reveal and govern patterns of socio-spatial contact and mobility can be found at the core of effective city management during the pandemic. Arguably nowhere is this truer than in the cities of Seoul, Singapore and Taipei, where the Asian developmental state was granted a hitherto unprecedented degree of legitimacy to expand its functions. Drawing on a three-year comparative research project exploring smart city development in Seoul, Singapore, and Taipei and beyond, we explore how the COVID-19 pandemic catalysed urban innovation and reified the importance of smart city projects for effective urban management during public health crises. At the same time, we argue that the catalysing effects of the pandemic led to the creation and extension of “hyper-smartness” throughout the micro-geographies of everyday life, overreach by the state in response to the opportunities for unchecked urban innovation, and the forging of new society-state relations in response. Evidence suggests that recognition of the successes of, and backlash against, technology-enabled urban management has since contributed to the remaking of the smart city in/and the Asian developmental state in the post-pandemic era.
{"title":"Remaking the smart city through the COVID-19 pandemic: Seoul, Singapore, Taipei","authors":"Orlando Woods , I-Chun Catherine Chang , HaeRan Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be a catalysing force for urban innovation in general, and for smart city agendas specifically, throughout the world. From the development of contact tracing technologies and the enforcement of quarantine and safe distancing measures, to the dissemination of public health information and advancement of telehealth rollouts, the promises of “smart” technologies to reveal and govern patterns of socio-spatial contact and mobility can be found at the core of effective city management during the pandemic. Arguably nowhere is this truer than in the cities of Seoul, Singapore and Taipei, where the Asian developmental state was granted a hitherto unprecedented degree of legitimacy to expand its functions. Drawing on a three-year comparative research project exploring smart city development in Seoul, Singapore, and Taipei and beyond, we explore how the COVID-19 pandemic catalysed urban innovation and reified the importance of smart city projects for effective urban management during public health crises. At the same time, we argue that the catalysing effects of the pandemic led to the creation and extension of “hyper-smartness” throughout the micro-geographies of everyday life, overreach by the state in response to the opportunities for unchecked urban innovation, and the forging of new society-state relations in response. Evidence suggests that recognition of the successes of, and backlash against, technology-enabled urban management has since contributed to the remaking of the smart city in/and the Asian developmental state in the post-pandemic era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 103773"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103747
Zhaowen Deng , Jiwon Lee , Tae-Hyoung Tommy Gim
“15-minute city” (15-MC) has gained attention as a strategy to enhance urban liveability and sustainability by ensuring essential services are within a short walking or cycling distance. However, its application seems to ignore the needs of older populations. This study takes Shanghai as a case study and evaluates the accessibility and diversity of urban amenities for both older populations and younger populations within the 15-MC framework. The results show disparities in amenities accessibility and diversity, with older populations facing lower accessibility levels and fewer amenity options compared to younger populations, particularly in suburban and peripheral areas. The study also highlights the limitation of current 15-MC framework, which fails to balance the centralisation and accessibility, including its inability to balance the centralisation of amenities with equitable accessibility. These findings highlight the need for an adaptive and tiered approach to urban planning to create more inclusive and age-friendly cities.
{"title":"15-minute city for all? Rethinking the 15-minute city for urban older populations","authors":"Zhaowen Deng , Jiwon Lee , Tae-Hyoung Tommy Gim","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>“15-minute city” (15-MC) has gained attention as a strategy to enhance urban liveability and sustainability by ensuring essential services are within a short walking or cycling distance. However, its application seems to ignore the needs of older populations. This study takes Shanghai as a case study and evaluates the accessibility and diversity of urban amenities for both older populations and younger populations within the 15-MC framework. The results show disparities in amenities accessibility and diversity, with older populations facing lower accessibility levels and fewer amenity options compared to younger populations, particularly in suburban and peripheral areas. The study also highlights the limitation of current 15-MC framework, which fails to balance the centralisation and accessibility, including its inability to balance the centralisation of amenities with equitable accessibility. These findings highlight the need for an adaptive and tiered approach to urban planning to create more inclusive and age-friendly cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 103747"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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