Applied Geography最新文献_第4页

Local actors and urban green development in China's energy-rich regions: a case study of the Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia region 中国能源富集区的地方行动者与城市绿色发展：以晋陕内蒙地区为例

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103871

Binkai Zheng , Yongyong Song , Yaping Wang , Siyou Xia , Xiping Yang , Beibei Ma , Dongqian Xue

Urban green development (UGD) in energy-rich regions has attracted growing attention. While the role of human actions as drivers of UGD has been widely emphasized, differences across governance contexts warrant further investigation. Existing studies have mostly focused on Global North countries, with limited attention to other regions. Through theoretical and empirical analyses of UGD in China's Shanxi–Shaanxi–Inner Mongolia (SSIM) region, where the governance framework differs significantly from that of the Global North, we examine the operational characteristics and interactive mechanisms of local actors. Our results indicate distinctive patterns in the Chinese case. Vertically, local governments' influence on UGD relies more on financial support and regulatory pressure from higher-level governments, whereas local enterprises are more sensitive to the urban green development environment. Horizontally, neighboring cities and intra-provincial local governments can jointly promote UGD, while enterprises operating across provincial boundaries exert negative spatial effects. These findings indicate that the impacts of different local actors on UGD vary by governance context, and that vertical-horizontal interactions function differently under diverse institutional arrangements. This highlights the importance of considering scalar dynamics, differentiating local actor types, and contextualizing governance backgrounds, thereby providing insights for advancing UGD in varied regional settings.

能源富集区的城市绿色发展日益受到人们的关注。虽然人类行为作为UGD驱动因素的作用已被广泛强调，但治理背景之间的差异值得进一步调查。现有的研究主要集中在全球北方国家，对其他地区的关注有限。通过对中国晋陕内蒙地区UGD的理论和实证分析，我们考察了地方行动者的运作特征和互动机制，该地区的治理框架与全球北方地区存在显著差异。我们的结果在中国的案例中显示出独特的模式。纵向上，地方政府对UGD的影响更多地依赖于上级政府的财政支持和监管压力，而地方企业对城市绿色发展环境更为敏感。横向上，相邻城市和省内地方政府可以共同促进UGD，而跨省企业的经营则产生负空间效应。这些发现表明，不同的地方行为体对UGD的影响因治理环境而异，在不同的制度安排下，垂直水平互动的作用也不同。这突出了考虑标量动态、区分本地参与者类型和环境化治理背景的重要性，从而为在不同的区域设置中推进UGD提供了见解。

{"title":"Local actors and urban green development in China's energy-rich regions: a case study of the Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia region","authors":"Binkai Zheng , Yongyong Song , Yaping Wang , Siyou Xia , Xiping Yang , Beibei Ma , Dongqian Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green development (UGD) in energy-rich regions has attracted growing attention. While the role of human actions as drivers of UGD has been widely emphasized, differences across governance contexts warrant further investigation. Existing studies have mostly focused on Global North countries, with limited attention to other regions. Through theoretical and empirical analyses of UGD in China's Shanxi–Shaanxi–Inner Mongolia (SSIM) region, where the governance framework differs significantly from that of the Global North, we examine the operational characteristics and interactive mechanisms of local actors. Our results indicate distinctive patterns in the Chinese case. Vertically, local governments' influence on UGD relies more on financial support and regulatory pressure from higher-level governments, whereas local enterprises are more sensitive to the urban green development environment. Horizontally, neighboring cities and intra-provincial local governments can jointly promote UGD, while enterprises operating across provincial boundaries exert negative spatial effects. These findings indicate that the impacts of different local actors on UGD vary by governance context, and that vertical-horizontal interactions function differently under diverse institutional arrangements. This highlights the importance of considering scalar dynamics, differentiating local actor types, and contextualizing governance backgrounds, thereby providing insights for advancing UGD in varied regional settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 103871"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple trajectories of urban–rural ecosystem services disparities: Evidence from two decades of urbanization in China 城乡生态系统服务差异的多重轨迹：来自中国城市化20年的证据

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103861

Yiman Zhang , Ting Hua , Shuai Liu , Shurong Zhang , Wenwu Zhao

Urbanization has triggered contrasting changes in landscape and ecosystem processes—such as growth in impervious surfaces and green spaces in urban regions, and both cropland abandonment and reclamation in rural areas. Such heterogeneous transformations may either widen or narrow urban–rural disparities in ecosystem services (ESs). However, national-scale investigation of the urban–rural disparities in ESs is still lacking. Based on spatially explicit models, we assess urban–rural disparities in ESs across China in the context of rapid urbanization over the past two decades. Our results show that urban–rural ES disparities in China followed multiple trajectories between 2000 and 2020, with widening disparities dominating. Particularly, disparities in carbon sequestration (CS) and habitat quality (HQ) tended to increase in northeastern forests, southwestern mountains, and tropical regions, while narrowing was more common in the northwest and central areas. Similar spatial patterns of urban–rural disparities were observed across multiple ESs, particularly in regions where urban ES levels increased significantly, while rural areas continued to maintain higher overall values. Additionally, the urban–rural interactions among ESs shifted from trade-offs to synergies in most regions, particularly in the Central Plains and the middle reaches of the Yellow River, reflecting the combined influence of urbanization and ecological restoration policies on ESs’ interaction. Our findings highlight the need for spatially targeted restoration strategies to support sustainable urban–rural development.

城市化引发了景观和生态系统过程的对比变化，例如城市地区不透水地表和绿地的增长，以及农村地区耕地的废弃和开垦。这种异质性转变可能会扩大或缩小生态系统服务（ESs）的城乡差异。然而，在全国范围内对城乡差距的调查仍然缺乏。基于空间显式模型，我们评估了过去20年中国快速城市化背景下的城乡差异。研究结果表明：2000 - 2020年，中国城乡社会服务差距呈现出多重发展轨迹，但以差距扩大为主。特别是在东北森林、西南山地和热带地区，碳固存（CS）和生境质量（HQ）的差异有增大的趋势，而在西北和中部地区则以缩小的趋势更为普遍。在多个ES中，城乡差异的空间格局相似，特别是在城市ES水平显著增加的地区，而农村地区继续保持较高的总体值。此外，以中原地区和黄河中游地区为代表的大部分地区，中小企业之间的城乡互动从“权衡”向“协同”转变，反映了城市化和生态恢复政策对中小企业互动的综合影响。我们的研究结果强调需要有空间针对性的恢复策略来支持可持续的城乡发展。

{"title":"Multiple trajectories of urban–rural ecosystem services disparities: Evidence from two decades of urbanization in China","authors":"Yiman Zhang , Ting Hua , Shuai Liu , Shurong Zhang , Wenwu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization has triggered contrasting changes in landscape and ecosystem processes—such as growth in impervious surfaces and green spaces in urban regions, and both cropland abandonment and reclamation in rural areas. Such heterogeneous transformations may either widen or narrow urban–rural disparities in ecosystem services (ESs). However, national-scale investigation of the urban–rural disparities in ESs is still lacking. Based on spatially explicit models, we assess urban–rural disparities in ESs across China in the context of rapid urbanization over the past two decades. Our results show that urban–rural ES disparities in China followed multiple trajectories between 2000 and 2020, with widening disparities dominating. Particularly, disparities in carbon sequestration (CS) and habitat quality (HQ) tended to increase in northeastern forests, southwestern mountains, and tropical regions, while narrowing was more common in the northwest and central areas. Similar spatial patterns of urban–rural disparities were observed across multiple ESs, particularly in regions where urban ES levels increased significantly, while rural areas continued to maintain higher overall values. Additionally, the urban–rural interactions among ESs shifted from trade-offs to synergies in most regions, particularly in the Central Plains and the middle reaches of the Yellow River, reflecting the combined influence of urbanization and ecological restoration policies on ESs’ interaction. Our findings highlight the need for spatially targeted restoration strategies to support sustainable urban–rural development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 103861"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Answering the governance gap in energy transition policies. Finding “acceptancy”, a representation discrepancy? 回答能源转型政策中的治理缺口。发现“可接受性”，一种表现差异？

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103846

Louise Michelle Fitzgerald , Angélique Palle

EU countries are making significant changes to their energy sectors in response to the climate crisis. With an increasing understanding of the importance of the societal and spatial dimensions of energy and environmental transitions for policy success, this paper aims at a contribution on how to better understand and improve the quality of sustainability transition governance and the way it shapes geographic changes in resource exploitation and access.

In particular, the paper responds to the strong demand from policymakers for social sciences to help solving “acceptancy” issues of energy, and more widely environmental transition policies. Building on recent literature and drawing on an original in-depth case study, the paper deepens understandings of the inherently social and political nature of transition, and the need to deepen appreciations of this for successful transition policy.

In particular we contribute new insights into the impacts of representative discrepancies as government representations of transitions are implemented on the ground. We explore the practical implications of this representation discrepancy over how energy transition should be carried out in terms of governance and opposition tactics in a French case study, in Britanny, Morbihan.

为应对气候危机，欧盟国家正在对其能源部门进行重大改革。随着人们对能源和环境转型的社会和空间维度对政策成功的重要性的认识日益加深，本文旨在就如何更好地理解和提高可持续性转型治理的质量及其影响资源开发和获取的地理变化的方式做出贡献。特别是，本文回应了政策制定者对社会科学的强烈需求，以帮助解决能源和更广泛的环境转型政策的“可接受性”问题。基于最近的文献和原始的深入案例研究，本文加深了对转型内在的社会和政治性质的理解，以及深化对成功转型政策的赞赏的必要性。特别是，随着政府对转型的代表在实地实施，我们对代表性差异的影响提供了新的见解。我们在法国布列塔尼、莫尔比汉的一个案例研究中，探讨了这种代表差异对能源转型应如何在治理和反对策略方面进行的实际影响。

{"title":"Answering the governance gap in energy transition policies. Finding “acceptancy”, a representation discrepancy?","authors":"Louise Michelle Fitzgerald , Angélique Palle","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>EU countries are making significant changes to their energy sectors in response to the climate crisis. With an increasing understanding of the importance of the societal and spatial dimensions of energy and environmental transitions for policy success, this paper aims at a contribution on how to better understand and improve the quality of sustainability transition governance and the way it shapes geographic changes in resource exploitation and access.</div><div>In particular, the paper responds to the strong demand from policymakers for social sciences to help solving “acceptancy” issues of energy, and more widely environmental transition policies. Building on recent literature and drawing on an original in-depth case study, the paper deepens understandings of the inherently social and political nature of transition, and the need to deepen appreciations of this for successful transition policy.</div><div>In particular we contribute new insights into the impacts of representative discrepancies as government representations of transitions are implemented on the ground. We explore the practical implications of this representation discrepancy over how energy transition should be carried out in terms of governance and opposition tactics in a French case study, in Britanny, Morbihan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 103846"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revealing the importance of urban water source areas in China by integrating supply and beneficiaries 从供给和受益两方面揭示中国城市水源地的重要性

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103869

Haofu Liu , Zhifeng Liu , Binghua Gong , Dongjie Guan , Zhengtao Zhang , Shuhui Liu , Xufeng Mao , Chunyang He

Urban water source areas (UWSAs) are vital to urban water security and sustainability. Identifying important water source areas (IWSAs) is essential for their protection but is impeded by the lack of effective methods. We propose a novel method for assessing the importance of UWSAs by integrating the water supply capacity and the population of beneficiary cities and identify the spatial patterns of IWSAs for 100 major Chinese cities. Compared with traditional methods that consider only the water supply capacity, incorporating the population of beneficiary cities markedly enhances the importance of UWSAs in the upper Yellow River Basin (the importance of UWSAs up by 14.86 %), the upper Han River Basin (42.76 %), the lower Huai River Basin (21.52 %), and the Yalu River Basin (25.23 %). A total of 68.82 % of IWSAs are severely stressed by human activities. A protection gap of 0.54 million km² remains in IWSAs, which are not included in protected areas or key ecological function zones and continue to experience severe human stress. Even within protected IWSAs, 0.56 million km² of these areas continue to experience severe human stress. To ensure the security of urban water supplies, expanding protection coverage, strengthening management and oversight, establishing ecological compensation mechanisms, transforming urban water resource management, and encouraging public participation in conservation are crucial.

城市水源地对城市水安全和可持续发展至关重要。确定重要的水源地对保护水源地至关重要，但由于缺乏有效的方法而受到阻碍。本文提出了一种综合供水能力和受益城市人口的综合评价城市供水安全区域重要性的新方法，并对中国100个主要城市的城市供水安全区域的空间格局进行了识别。与仅考虑供水能力的传统方法相比，纳入受益城市人口显著提高了黄河上游流域、汉江上游流域、淮河下游流域和鸭绿江流域供水能力的重要性（分别提高了14.86%、42.76%、21.52%和25.23%）。68.82%的iwsa受到人类活动的严重破坏。未被纳入保护区或重点生态功能区，且人类活动压力持续较大的小生境保护区仍存在54万平方公里的保护缺口。即使在受保护的iwsa内，这些地区的56万平方公里继续遭受严重的人类压力。保障城市供水安全，必须扩大保护覆盖面，加强管理和监督，建立生态补偿机制，转变城市水资源管理方式，鼓励公众参与节约用水。

{"title":"Revealing the importance of urban water source areas in China by integrating supply and beneficiaries","authors":"Haofu Liu , Zhifeng Liu , Binghua Gong , Dongjie Guan , Zhengtao Zhang , Shuhui Liu , Xufeng Mao , Chunyang He","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban water source areas (UWSAs) are vital to urban water security and sustainability. Identifying important water source areas (IWSAs) is essential for their protection but is impeded by the lack of effective methods. We propose a novel method for assessing the importance of UWSAs by integrating the water supply capacity and the population of beneficiary cities and identify the spatial patterns of IWSAs for 100 major Chinese cities. Compared with traditional methods that consider only the water supply capacity, incorporating the population of beneficiary cities markedly enhances the importance of UWSAs in the upper Yellow River Basin (the importance of UWSAs up by 14.86 %), the upper Han River Basin (42.76 %), the lower Huai River Basin (21.52 %), and the Yalu River Basin (25.23 %). A total of 68.82 % of IWSAs are severely stressed by human activities. A protection gap of 0.54 million km<sup>2</sup> remains in IWSAs, which are not included in protected areas or key ecological function zones and continue to experience severe human stress. Even within protected IWSAs, 0.56 million km<sup>2</sup> of these areas continue to experience severe human stress. To ensure the security of urban water supplies, expanding protection coverage, strengthening management and oversight, establishing ecological compensation mechanisms, transforming urban water resource management, and encouraging public participation in conservation are crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 103869"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing supply and demand dynamics of urban green spaces for recreational activity: A massive GPS trajectory data analysis 城市休闲活动绿地供需动态评估：海量GPS轨迹数据分析

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103868

Dengkai Huang , Yunjing Xu , Wenjie Liu , Qi Yuan

Urban green spaces (UGS) are vital for public health and well-being, yet their equitable provision remains a challenge for sustainable urban planning. While numerous studies have investigated the balance between supply and demand for recreational service in UGS, few have employed an integrated framework that captures the non-compensatory dimensions of supply and links them to high-resolution, activity-specific demand patterns while examining socioeconomic equity. This study develops a comprehensive framework to assess UGS supply-demand mismatches using large-scale GPS trajectory data from running and cycling activities in Helsinki, Finland. We constructed a multidimensional supply index integrating availability, quality, accessibility, and morphological characteristics, which was linked to high-resolution recreational demand metrics (e.g., frequency and intensity) derived from 27,349 running and 47,866 cycling trajectories. Our results reveal three key findings: First, we identify a distinct core-periphery gradient, with urban centres facing recreational undersupply and suburban areas exhibiting oversupply. Second, a dynamic mismatch analysis reveals significant temporal variations, including a seasonal southward shift of undersupplied areas towards coastal parks in summer and a more balanced supply-demand relationship on weekends. Third, socioeconomic status significantly influences these imbalances, with 84.4 % of undersupplied “cold spots” concentrated in higher housing-price neighbourhoods, while all oversupplied “hot spots” are located in lower housing-price areas. These findings highlight the need for targeted, time-sensitive interventions addressing both spatial and temporal mismatches within their socioeconomic contexts. Our approach offers a replicable model to optimize UGS allocation based on evidence of actual use patterns rather than conventional proximity-based metrics.

城市绿地对公共健康和福祉至关重要，但其公平提供仍然是可持续城市规划的一个挑战。虽然有许多研究调查了UGS娱乐服务的供需平衡，但很少有研究采用一个综合框架，在检查社会经济公平的同时，捕捉供应的非补偿性维度，并将其与高分辨率、特定活动的需求模式联系起来。本研究开发了一个综合框架，利用芬兰赫尔辛基跑步和自行车活动的大规模GPS轨迹数据来评估UGS供需不匹配。我们构建了一个多维供应指数，整合了可用性、质量、可达性和形态特征，并与27,349条跑步和47,866条骑行轨迹的高分辨率娱乐需求指标（例如频率和强度）相关联。我们的研究结果揭示了三个关键发现：首先，我们确定了一个明显的核心-边缘梯度，城市中心面临娱乐供应不足，郊区则表现出供应过剩。其次，动态失配分析揭示了显著的时间变化，包括夏季供应不足地区向沿海公园的季节性南移，以及周末更为平衡的供需关系。第三，社会经济状况对这些不平衡有显著影响，84.4%供应不足的“冷点”集中在房价较高的社区，而所有供应过剩的“热点”都位于房价较低的地区。这些发现突出表明，需要采取有针对性的、时效性强的干预措施，解决社会经济背景下的空间和时间不匹配问题。我们的方法提供了一个可复制的模型，基于实际使用模式的证据来优化UGS分配，而不是传统的基于邻近的指标。

{"title":"Assessing supply and demand dynamics of urban green spaces for recreational activity: A massive GPS trajectory data analysis","authors":"Dengkai Huang , Yunjing Xu , Wenjie Liu , Qi Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green spaces (UGS) are vital for public health and well-being, yet their equitable provision remains a challenge for sustainable urban planning. While numerous studies have investigated the balance between supply and demand for recreational service in UGS, few have employed an integrated framework that captures the non-compensatory dimensions of supply and links them to high-resolution, activity-specific demand patterns while examining socioeconomic equity. This study develops a comprehensive framework to assess UGS supply-demand mismatches using large-scale GPS trajectory data from running and cycling activities in Helsinki, Finland. We constructed a multidimensional supply index integrating availability, quality, accessibility, and morphological characteristics, which was linked to high-resolution recreational demand metrics (e.g., frequency and intensity) derived from 27,349 running and 47,866 cycling trajectories. Our results reveal three key findings: First, we identify a distinct core-periphery gradient, with urban centres facing recreational undersupply and suburban areas exhibiting oversupply. Second, a dynamic mismatch analysis reveals significant temporal variations, including a seasonal southward shift of undersupplied areas towards coastal parks in summer and a more balanced supply-demand relationship on weekends. Third, socioeconomic status significantly influences these imbalances, with 84.4 % of undersupplied “cold spots” concentrated in higher housing-price neighbourhoods, while all oversupplied “hot spots” are located in lower housing-price areas. These findings highlight the need for targeted, time-sensitive interventions addressing both spatial and temporal mismatches within their socioeconomic contexts. Our approach offers a replicable model to optimize UGS allocation based on evidence of actual use patterns rather than conventional proximity-based metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 103868"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mobility matters: Effects of campus location on travel burden and educational equity in a regional city 交通问题：区域城市校园位置对交通负担和教育公平的影响

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103864

Sebastian D. Rossi , Elaine Stratford , Jason Byrne

Mobility affects higher education, shaping student aspirations and educational attainment, and staff capacities for teaching and research. Studies suggest that commuting burdens—such as longer travel distances and commute times—can lead to lower completion rates for students and reduced workplace satisfaction and productivity for staff. Such outcomes affect life course opportunities for individuals, and can negatively affect communities and societies. Few studies, however, use both theory and empirical evidence to examine how campus locations may affect staff and student mobilities and attendant spatial inequalities associated with travel for education. This paper addresses that knowledge gap using an intrinsic case study of a regional Australian university undergoing partial campus relocation from a privileged suburb to a central business district (CBD). Residential addresses for 12,157 staff and students were geolocated using a geographic information system (GIS) and travel patterns and accessibility were analysed for staff and student cohorts across two campuses. Results show nearly 25 % of the cohorts live outside the region's public transport network, and there were gendered and mode-specific differences in travel. On the strength of the evidence, we argue that campus transformations could (re)configure mobilities in ways that warrant closer attention. Steps that university leaders could take to redress transport disadvantage include: providing affordable student accommodation close to campuses, including for students with families; car-pool schemes; flexible timetabling of classes; intensive delivery options; and university-sponsored transit on demand services.

流动性影响高等教育，塑造学生的抱负和教育成就，以及教职员工的教学和研究能力。研究表明，通勤负担——比如更长的旅行距离和通勤时间——会导致学生的完成率降低，降低工作场所的满意度和员工的生产力。这些结果影响个人生命历程中的机会，并可能对社区和社会产生负面影响。然而，很少有研究同时使用理论和经验证据来研究校园位置如何影响教职员工和学生的流动性以及随之而来的与教育旅行相关的空间不平等。本文通过对澳大利亚一所地区大学的内部案例研究来解决这一知识差距，该大学正在将部分校园从优越的郊区搬迁到中央商务区（CBD）。使用地理信息系统（GIS）对12,157名教职员工和学生的居住地址进行了地理定位，并分析了两个校区教职员工和学生群体的出行模式和可达性。结果显示，近25%的人群生活在该地区公共交通网络之外，并且在出行方面存在性别和特定模式的差异。根据证据的强度，我们认为校园转型可以（重新）配置流动性的方式，值得更密切的关注。大学领导可以采取的措施包括：在校园附近为学生提供负担得起的住宿，包括为有家人的学生提供住宿；拼车方案;灵活的课程安排；密集交付方案；以及大学赞助的按需运输服务。

{"title":"Mobility matters: Effects of campus location on travel burden and educational equity in a regional city","authors":"Sebastian D. Rossi , Elaine Stratford , Jason Byrne","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mobility affects higher education, shaping student aspirations and educational attainment, and staff capacities for teaching and research. Studies suggest that commuting burdens—such as longer travel distances and commute times—can lead to lower completion rates for students and reduced workplace satisfaction and productivity for staff. Such outcomes affect life course opportunities for individuals, and can negatively affect communities and societies. Few studies, however, use both theory and empirical evidence to examine how campus locations may affect staff and student mobilities and attendant spatial inequalities associated with travel for education. This paper addresses that knowledge gap using an intrinsic case study of a regional Australian university undergoing partial campus relocation from a privileged suburb to a central business district (CBD). Residential addresses for 12,157 staff and students were geolocated using a geographic information system (GIS) and travel patterns and accessibility were analysed for staff and student cohorts across two campuses. Results show nearly 25 % of the cohorts live outside the region's public transport network, and there were gendered and mode-specific differences in travel. On the strength of the evidence, we argue that campus transformations could (re)configure mobilities in ways that warrant closer attention. Steps that university leaders could take to redress transport disadvantage include: providing affordable student accommodation close to campuses, including for students with families; car-pool schemes; flexible timetabling of classes; intensive delivery options; and university-sponsored transit on demand services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 103864"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial linkage network patterns and driving mechanisms of urban land use efficiency: Evidence from Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, China 城市土地利用效率空间联系网络格局与驱动机制——来自长三角城市群的证据

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103867

Yunpeng Zhang , Yan Sun , Hongtao Liang

The spatial linkage of urban land use efficiency within urban agglomerations plays a critical role in promoting the intensive use of regional resources and achieving sustainable development. Existing studies have primarily examined spatial linkages from the perspective of geographical proximity. However, systematic investigations into network-based spatial linkages and their underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently explored. This study employs a modified gravity model and social network analysis method to assess the spatial linkage network of urban land use efficiency among 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2003 to 2022 and further investigates its driving mechanisms. The results show that urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta displays a strong spatial correlation and a clear network structure. Efficiency spillovers are evident, with large cities acting as net beneficiaries and small to medium-sized cities serving as contributors or coordinators. The network's formation and evolution are jointly driven by structural features, spatial proximity, and city-specific attributes, reflecting a clear endogenous growth mechanism. Drawing on the results, this paper proposes policy recommendations designed to enhance urban land use efficiency and support sustainable governance practices across urban agglomerations.

城市群内城市土地利用效率的空间联动对促进区域资源集约利用和实现可持续发展具有重要意义。现有的研究主要是从地理接近的角度来考察空间联系。然而，对基于网络的空间联系及其潜在机制的系统调查仍未得到充分探索。采用修正重力模型和社会网络分析方法，对2003 - 2022年长三角41个城市土地利用效率空间联系网络进行了评价，并进一步探讨了其驱动机制。结果表明：长三角地区城市土地利用效率表现出较强的空间相关性和清晰的网络结构；效率溢出效应显而易见，大城市是净受益者，中小城市是贡献者或协调者。网络的形成与演化受结构特征、空间邻近性和城市属性的共同驱动，具有明显的内生增长机制。根据研究结果，本文提出了旨在提高城市土地利用效率和支持城市群可持续治理实践的政策建议。

{"title":"Spatial linkage network patterns and driving mechanisms of urban land use efficiency: Evidence from Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, China","authors":"Yunpeng Zhang , Yan Sun , Hongtao Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatial linkage of urban land use efficiency within urban agglomerations plays a critical role in promoting the intensive use of regional resources and achieving sustainable development. Existing studies have primarily examined spatial linkages from the perspective of geographical proximity. However, systematic investigations into network-based spatial linkages and their underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently explored. This study employs a modified gravity model and social network analysis method to assess the spatial linkage network of urban land use efficiency among 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2003 to 2022 and further investigates its driving mechanisms. The results show that urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta displays a strong spatial correlation and a clear network structure. Efficiency spillovers are evident, with large cities acting as net beneficiaries and small to medium-sized cities serving as contributors or coordinators. The network's formation and evolution are jointly driven by structural features, spatial proximity, and city-specific attributes, reflecting a clear endogenous growth mechanism. Drawing on the results, this paper proposes policy recommendations designed to enhance urban land use efficiency and support sustainable governance practices across urban agglomerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 103867"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unraveling the nexus between spatial quality and buzz behavior: Analyzing geo-tagged social media and multisource spatial data using text mining and XGBoost 揭示空间质量和话题行为之间的联系：使用文本挖掘和XGBoost分析地理标记的社交媒体和多源空间数据

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103858

Jinliu Chen , Pengcheng Li , Yanhui Lei , Hangyu Li , Dingjian Zhang , Bing Chen , Jian Liu , Marc Aurel Schnabel

In the digital media era, geo-tagged social media (SM) has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding tourist behavior and managing destination image. This study examines how spatial quality influences buzz behavior—rapid, user-driven dissemination of destination information—through the lens of the Feedback, Sympathy, Identification, Participation, and Sharing (FSIPS) framework. Focusing on Suzhou's historic city core, we integrate ridge regression, deep learning-based text mining, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to model the relationship between built environment features and SM engagement metrics, including emotional expression and likes. Findings reveal that (1) buzz behavior, driven by emotionally resonant user-generated content, plays a critical role in shaping destination popularity; (2) spatial features such as park and catering density significantly enhance emotional responses and content diffusion; and (3) entertainment density shows a negative association with engagement, suggesting diminishing returns in over-commercialized zones. (4) Furthermore, the analysis uncovers non-linear interaction effects—e.g., the co-presence of green infrastructure and public transport density synergistically boosts perceptual response. This research contributes a theoretically grounded and data-driven framework for decoding the spatial triggers of word-of-mouth dynamics in tourism, offering actionable insights for planners aiming to enhance tourist experiences and manage spatial quality in heritage-rich urban settings.

在数字媒体时代，地理标签社交媒体（SM）已成为了解游客行为和管理目的地形象的有力工具。本研究通过反馈、同情、认同、参与和分享（FSIPS）框架考察了空间质量如何影响口碑行为——目的地信息的快速、用户驱动的传播。以苏州的历史城市核心为研究对象，我们将脊回归、基于深度学习的文本挖掘和极限梯度提升（XGBoost）结合起来，对建筑环境特征与SM参与指标（包括情感表达和点赞）之间的关系进行建模。研究结果表明：(1)由情感共鸣的用户生成内容驱动的嗡嗡声行为在塑造目的地人气方面起着关键作用；(2)公园、餐饮密度等空间特征显著增强了情绪反应和内容扩散；(3)娱乐密度与用户粘性呈负相关，表明过度商业化区域的收益递减。(4)此外，分析还揭示了非线性相互作用效应，如：，绿色基础设施和公共交通密度的共存协同促进了感知反应。该研究为解读旅游口碑动态的空间触发因素提供了理论基础和数据驱动的框架，为旨在提高旅游体验和管理遗产丰富的城市环境中的空间质量的规划者提供了可操作的见解。

{"title":"Unraveling the nexus between spatial quality and buzz behavior: Analyzing geo-tagged social media and multisource spatial data using text mining and XGBoost","authors":"Jinliu Chen , Pengcheng Li , Yanhui Lei , Hangyu Li , Dingjian Zhang , Bing Chen , Jian Liu , Marc Aurel Schnabel","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the digital media era, geo-tagged social media (SM) has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding tourist behavior and managing destination image. This study examines how spatial quality influences buzz behavior—rapid, user-driven dissemination of destination information—through the lens of the Feedback, Sympathy, Identification, Participation, and Sharing (FSIPS) framework. Focusing on Suzhou's historic city core, we integrate ridge regression, deep learning-based text mining, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to model the relationship between built environment features and SM engagement metrics, including emotional expression and likes. Findings reveal that (1) buzz behavior, driven by emotionally resonant user-generated content, plays a critical role in shaping destination popularity; (2) spatial features such as park and catering density significantly enhance emotional responses and content diffusion; and (3) entertainment density shows a negative association with engagement, suggesting diminishing returns in over-commercialized zones. (4) Furthermore, the analysis uncovers non-linear interaction effects—e.g., the co-presence of green infrastructure and public transport density synergistically boosts perceptual response. This research contributes a theoretically grounded and data-driven framework for decoding the spatial triggers of word-of-mouth dynamics in tourism, offering actionable insights for planners aiming to enhance tourist experiences and manage spatial quality in heritage-rich urban settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 103858"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Secondary cities in African urbanization: On urban expansion and density patterns in Tanzania's mid-sized cities 非洲城市化中的二级城市：坦桑尼亚中等城市的城市扩张与密度模式

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103859

Neema Simon Sumari , Patrick Brandful Cobbinah

African urbanization has gained momentum over recent decades, raising critical questions about urban planning and sustainability. Secondary cities are central to Africa's urban transition as they create opportunities for managing the pressures of urbanization on metropolitan regions. Yet secondary cities remain understudied compared to the metropolitan core. This paper examines urban expansion and density patterns in five Tanzanian secondary cities from 1990 to 2020, and the implications on sustainable urban development. We use multi-temporal Landsat data, the urban land density model, and landscape metrics to assess compactness and fragmentation. Results reveal outwards expansion with city-specific morphologies including infill near existing core, corridor growth and density shifts. In addition, the ANOVA and Tukey HSD test found no statistically significant differences across the five secondary cities or time periods, highlighting the limits of broad comparisons yet affirming the planning relevance of absolute changes. Our analysis expands the dialogue on African urbanization, and the findings advance understandings of SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and intersect with SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). The paper provides data-driven insights for policy makers and a replicable framework to guide sustainable secondary city planning in Sub-Saharan Africa.

近几十年来，非洲的城市化势头强劲，对城市规划和可持续性提出了关键问题。二级城市是非洲城市转型的核心，因为它们为管理城市化给大都市地区带来的压力创造了机会。然而，与大都市核心相比，二线城市仍未得到充分研究。本文研究了1990年至2020年坦桑尼亚五个二级城市的城市扩张和密度模式，以及对可持续城市发展的影响。我们使用多时相Landsat数据、城市土地密度模型和景观指标来评估紧凑性和破碎性。结果表明，城市向外扩张具有城市特有的形态，包括靠近现有核心的填充、走廊增长和密度转移。此外，方差分析和Tukey HSD检验发现五个二级城市或时间段之间没有统计学上的显著差异，突出了广泛比较的局限性，但肯定了绝对变化的规划相关性。我们的分析扩大了关于非洲城市化的对话，研究结果促进了对可持续发展目标11（可持续城市和社区）的理解，并与可持续发展目标13（气候行动）和可持续发展目标15（陆地上的生命）相互交叉。本文为政策制定者提供了数据驱动的见解，并为指导撒哈拉以南非洲的可持续二级城市规划提供了可复制的框架。

{"title":"Secondary cities in African urbanization: On urban expansion and density patterns in Tanzania's mid-sized cities","authors":"Neema Simon Sumari , Patrick Brandful Cobbinah","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>African urbanization has gained momentum over recent decades, raising critical questions about urban planning and sustainability. Secondary cities are central to Africa's urban transition as they create opportunities for managing the pressures of urbanization on metropolitan regions. Yet secondary cities remain understudied compared to the metropolitan core. This paper examines urban expansion and density patterns in five Tanzanian secondary cities from 1990 to 2020, and the implications on sustainable urban development. We use multi-temporal Landsat data, the urban land density model, and landscape metrics to assess compactness and fragmentation. Results reveal outwards expansion with city-specific morphologies including infill near existing core, corridor growth and density shifts. In addition, the ANOVA and Tukey HSD test found no statistically significant differences across the five secondary cities or time periods, highlighting the limits of broad comparisons yet affirming the planning relevance of absolute changes. Our analysis expands the dialogue on African urbanization, and the findings advance understandings of SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and intersect with SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). The paper provides data-driven insights for policy makers and a replicable framework to guide sustainable secondary city planning in Sub-Saharan Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 103859"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating future land use uncertainty and spatial scales into ecosystem service degradation risk assessment for urban ecological management 基于未来土地利用不确定性和空间尺度的城市生态系统服务退化风险评估

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103860

Yan Li , Hao Wu , Thomas Blaschke , Biswajeet Pradhan , Abdul Rashid Bin Mohamed Shariff , Ram Avtar , Anqi Lin , Wenting Shao

Rapid land-use change has imposed substantial pressures on urban ecosystems, underscoring the need to assess ecosystem service degradation risks (ESDR) to promote urban ecological sustainability. However, existing studies have largely focused on comparing ESDR under multiple land-use scenarios or integrating multi-scenario ESDR based on economic theory, often overlooking the constraints introduced by land-use planning policies and the influence of spatial scale on assessment accuracy. To address these challenges, this study proposed a novel ESDR assessment framework that integrates ecosystem service value losses from multiple land-use scenarios with an optimal spatial scale, particularly aligning with future territorial spatial planning. Using Wuhan as a case, this study optimized land-use quantity and spatial pattern across future scenarios, calibrated the optimal assessment scale, and identified ESDR areas following the city's main functional zones. The results indicated notable ecological degradation in Wuhan from 2000 to 2020, while ecological degradation is expected to reverse under all three optimized land-use scenarios for 2035. At the optimal scale of 400 m, key ESDR prevention areas accounted for 10.71 % of the city, predominantly located in the peripheral regions of the central urban area and along the Sheshui River in the north, notably in the Hongshan, Caidian, Huangpi, and Jiangxia districts. Differentiated ecological management strategies should be formulated according to ESDR zones. This study effectively bridges planning policies with ESDR assessment and enables precise spatial targeting for ecological risk prevention, thereby supporting fine-grained urban ecological governance.

土地利用的快速变化给城市生态系统带来了巨大的压力，强调了评估生态系统服务退化风险（ESDR）以促进城市生态可持续性的必要性。然而，现有研究多侧重于基于经济理论的多种土地利用情景下ESDR的比较或多情景ESDR的整合，往往忽视了土地利用规划政策的约束和空间尺度对评估精度的影响。为了应对这些挑战，本研究提出了一个新的ESDR评估框架，该框架将多种土地利用情景的生态系统服务价值损失与最佳空间尺度相结合，特别是与未来的领土空间规划相一致。以武汉市为例，对未来情景下的土地利用数量和空间格局进行了优化，标定了最优评价尺度，确定了城市主体功能区的ESDR区域。结果表明：2000 - 2020年武汉市生态退化显著，2035年3种土地利用优化情景下，武汉市生态退化趋势有望逆转。在400 m最优尺度下，ESDR重点防治区域占全市面积的10.71%，主要分布在中心城区外围和北部沿佘水河地区，以红山区、蔡甸区、黄陂区和江夏区为主。应根据ESDR区域制定差异化的生态管理策略。本研究有效衔接了规划政策与ESDR评估，实现了生态风险防范的精准空间定位，从而支持城市生态细粒度治理。

{"title":"Integrating future land use uncertainty and spatial scales into ecosystem service degradation risk assessment for urban ecological management","authors":"Yan Li , Hao Wu , Thomas Blaschke , Biswajeet Pradhan , Abdul Rashid Bin Mohamed Shariff , Ram Avtar , Anqi Lin , Wenting Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid land-use change has imposed substantial pressures on urban ecosystems, underscoring the need to assess ecosystem service degradation risks (ESDR) to promote urban ecological sustainability. However, existing studies have largely focused on comparing ESDR under multiple land-use scenarios or integrating multi-scenario ESDR based on economic theory, often overlooking the constraints introduced by land-use planning policies and the influence of spatial scale on assessment accuracy. To address these challenges, this study proposed a novel ESDR assessment framework that integrates ecosystem service value losses from multiple land-use scenarios with an optimal spatial scale, particularly aligning with future territorial spatial planning. Using Wuhan as a case, this study optimized land-use quantity and spatial pattern across future scenarios, calibrated the optimal assessment scale, and identified ESDR areas following the city's main functional zones. The results indicated notable ecological degradation in Wuhan from 2000 to 2020, while ecological degradation is expected to reverse under all three optimized land-use scenarios for 2035. At the optimal scale of 400 m, key ESDR prevention areas accounted for 10.71 % of the city, predominantly located in the peripheral regions of the central urban area and along the Sheshui River in the north, notably in the Hongshan, Caidian, Huangpi, and Jiangxia districts. Differentiated ecological management strategies should be formulated according to ESDR zones. This study effectively bridges planning policies with ESDR assessment and enables precise spatial targeting for ecological risk prevention, thereby supporting fine-grained urban ecological governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 103860"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0