Applied Geography最新文献_第5页

Digital-driven spatial organization of special forces tourism: A multi-dimensional coupling analysis 数字驱动的特种部队旅游空间组织：多维耦合分析

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103857

Xingrui Chen , Suqiu Tang , Chi Liu

The “special forces-style tourism” driven by digital technology poses challenges to traditional urban tourism theories, and existing single-perspective approaches struggle to explain the multidimensional coupling characteristics of time compression, functional complementarity, and digital drive. This study constructs a “spatio-temporal-functional-digital three-dimensional coupling” analytical framework. Based on 29,774 posts from Weibo and Xiaohongshu platforms and 5280 POI data points in Shanghai from January 2024 to March 2025, we employ difference-in-differences, pointwise mutual information algorithms, network centrality analysis, and K-means clustering methods for empirical testing. The findings reveal: (1) Under the 45-min spatio-temporal convergence threshold, the network coverage rate reaches 94.7 %, with an intra-community to inter-community time ratio of 2.29:1 and travel mode differentiation (walking 72 % vs. public transport 66 %), unveiling a dual-layer spatial logic; (2) Cross-category connections account for 85.4 %, with intra-community PMI values (2.34) significantly higher than inter-community values (1.67), proposing the concept of “spatially-dependent functional complementarity”; (3) Digital interaction exhibits an inverted U-shaped nonlinear association, with the dissemination network presenting a four-tier differentiation; (4) Eight spatial organization types are identified, with digital-functional interaction effects (η² = 0.0118) stronger than temporal-functional interactions (η² = 0.0041). This study extends time geography to a “constraint-optimization” paradigm, identifies the spatio-temporal constraint boundaries applicable to network theory, develops three operational management tools, and provides an analytical framework for theorizing urban tourism in the digital age.

数字技术驱动下的“特种部队式旅游”对传统城市旅游理论提出了挑战，现有的单一视角难以解释时间压缩、功能互补和数字驱动的多维耦合特征。本研究构建了“时空-功能-数字三维耦合”的分析框架。基于2024年1月至2025年3月上海地区微博和小红书平台的29,774条微博和5280个POI数据点，我们采用差中差、点互信息算法、网络中心性分析和K-means聚类方法进行实证检验。结果表明：(1)在45 min时空收敛阈值下，网络覆盖率达到94.7%，社区内与社区间时间之比为2.29:1，出行方式分化（步行72% vs公共交通66%），呈现双层空间逻辑；(2)跨类别连接占85.4%，群落内PMI值（2.34）显著高于群落间PMI值（1.67），形成了“空间依赖的功能互补”概念；(3)数字互动呈现倒u型非线性关联，传播网络呈现四层分化；④发现8种空间组织类型，其中数字功能相互作用效应（η2 = 0.0118）强于时间功能相互作用（η2 = 0.0041）。本研究将时间地理学扩展为“约束-优化”范式，确定了适用于网络理论的时空约束边界，开发了三种运营管理工具，并为数字化时代的城市旅游理论化提供了分析框架。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial identification and optimization of tourism gaps in China's 5A scenic spots 中国5A级景区旅游缺口空间识别与优化

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103863

Zhang Bin , Zhong Linsheng

This study addresses the uneven spatial distribution of China's 5A scenic spots, proposing a comprehensive approach for identifying and optimizing tourism gaps. By examining the relationship between the supply capacity of scenic spots and societal population demand, spatial patterns of tourism opportunities were evaluated under multiple threshold distance scenarios to identify tourism gaps, which are areas where the current supply of 5A scenic spots fails to meet population demand. To optimize the spatial layout of tourism resources, four machine learning algorithms, including eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and support vector machine (SVM), are employed to construct a scenic spot location optimization framework, enabling spatial compensation and efficient resource allocation in gap areas. The study indicates that 60.22 % of regions in China show tourism gaps, 15.25 % of which are classified as “triple tourism gap areas,” meaning they lack tourism opportunities across all scenic spot types and are predominantly situated in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In comparison to natural scenic spots, man-made and historical scenic spots exhibit more significant spatial disparities in tourism gaps. A decline in spatial unevenness of tourism opportunities across different threshold distances is observed in the optimized gap areas. By integrating machine learning to optimize the spatial layout of 5A scenic spots, this study provides scientific evidence and technical support for promoting regional coordinated development and achieving tourism spatial justice.

本研究针对中国5A级景区空间分布不均的问题，提出了一种识别和优化旅游缺口的综合方法。通过考察景区供给能力与社会人口需求之间的关系，在多阈值距离情景下评价旅游机会的空间格局，识别旅游缺口，即目前5A级景区供给无法满足人口需求的区域。为优化旅游资源的空间布局，采用极限梯度提升（XGBoost）、随机森林（RF）、逻辑回归（LR）和支持向量机（SVM） 4种机器学习算法构建景区区位优化框架，实现缺口区空间补偿和资源高效配置。研究表明，中国60.22%的地区存在旅游缺口。与自然风景名胜区相比，人文风景名胜区和历史风景名胜区旅游缺口的空间差异更为显著。在优化后的缺口区，不同阈值距离的旅游机会空间不均衡性有所下降。通过整合机器学习优化5A级景区空间布局，为促进区域协调发展、实现旅游空间公平提供科学依据和技术支撑。

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引用次数: 0

Examining the relationship between urban expansion and farmland protection under population decline: a multi-scale analytical framework 人口下降下城市扩张与耕地保护的关系研究：一个多尺度的分析框架

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103862

Shuang Gan , Wanglin Yan

Rapid urban expansion has extensively transformed farmland into built-up areas, diminishing ecosystem services. In the twenty-first century, population decline in countries such as Japan has altered the dynamics of urban expansion and farmland preservation. Though development pressure has lessened, challenges such as under-cultivation and inefficient land management have emerged. The spatial heterogeneity of these changes complicates understanding their spatiotemporal patterns and mechanisms. This study proposes a multi-scale framework to investigate changing relationships between urban expansion and farmland protection during the transition from population growth to decline. It is applied to the Odawara region of Japan. Key findings include: (1) Since population decline began in 2010, conflicts between urban expansion and farmland protection have remained concentrated along the urban-agricultural fringe, causing continued farmland loss and fragmentation despite reduced pressure; (2) Population change indirectly causes paddy field loss via built-up land expansion, with a five-year lag; (3) The main driver of farmland loss has shifted from urban development to agriculture-related loss driven by labor shortages and low farming efficiency; and (4) Agricultural promotion areas moderately retain paddy fields but offer limited protection against fragmentation. These results confirm the framework's utility and highlight the need for adaptive land use policies in response to population decline.

快速的城市扩张将大量农田变成了建成区，减少了生态系统的服务功能。在21世纪，日本等国的人口减少改变了城市扩张和农田保护的动态。尽管发展压力有所减轻，但出现了诸如耕地不足和土地管理效率低下等挑战。这些变化的空间异质性使理解其时空格局和机制变得复杂。本研究提出了一个多尺度框架来考察人口增减过程中城市扩张与耕地保护之间的变化关系。它适用于日本的小田原地区。主要发现包括：①2010年人口开始下降以来，城市扩张与耕地保护的冲突集中在城乡结合部，尽管压力有所减轻，但耕地流失和破碎化仍在继续；(2)人口变化通过建设用地扩张间接导致水田流失，且存在5年滞后性；(3)耕地流失的主要驱动因素已从城市发展转向劳动力短缺和农业效率低下驱动的涉农流失；(4)农业促进区适度保留水田，但对破碎化保护有限。这些结果证实了该框架的效用，并强调了制定适应性土地使用政策以应对人口下降的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial displacement of grain production drove carbon emissions within the meat supply chain in China 粮食生产的空间位移驱动了中国肉类供应链的碳排放

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103853

Xinli Ke , Dengying Huang , Chengchao Zuo , Ting Zhou , Yue Dou , Shuaib Lwasa

Spatial displacement of grain production worldwide has contributed to an increased distance between food production and consumption, leading to growing carbon emissions in grain transportation. However, the spatial displacement of grain production also affects transport-related carbon emissions in the meat supply chain, which have been underestimated as diets change and the population grows. In this study, a model-based framework was developed to estimate the role of grain production displacement in transport-related carbon emissions within the meat supply chain in China at the prefecture level, alongside other key changes in the food systems, including transport development and dietary changes. Results indicate that emissions more than doubled, from 6.34 million tons (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (CO₂e) in 1990 to 14.99 Mt CO₂e in 2020. Grain production displacement contributed nearly 20 % of the increase in carbon emissions associated with transport in the meat supply chain over the study period. Changes in diets and population growth increased emissions of 6.11 Mt CO₂e and 2.44 Mt CO₂e, respectively. Transport infrastructure development helped offset 4.96 Mt CO₂e from transportation. Our study underscores the importance of taking better account of the negative environmental impacts of grain production displacement in land use and sustainable food system transitions, both in China and other regions.

世界范围内粮食生产的空间位移导致粮食生产和消费之间的距离增加，导致粮食运输中的碳排放增加。然而，粮食生产的空间位移也会影响肉类供应链中与运输相关的碳排放，随着饮食的变化和人口的增长，这一点被低估了。在本研究中，开发了一个基于模型的框架，以估算中国地级肉类供应链中粮食生产位移对运输相关碳排放的影响，以及粮食系统的其他关键变化，包括运输发展和饮食变化。结果表明，排放量增加了一倍多，从1990年的634万吨二氧化碳当量排放量（CO2e）增加到2020年的1499万吨二氧化碳当量。在研究期间，与肉类供应链运输相关的碳排放增量中，粮食生产的迁移贡献了近20%。饮食变化和人口增长分别增加了611万和244万二氧化碳当量的排放量。交通基础设施的发展有助于抵消交通运输产生的496万吨二氧化碳当量。我们的研究强调了在中国和其他地区更好地考虑粮食生产转移对土地利用和可持续粮食系统转型的负面环境影响的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Deadly connections: Exploring body disposal patterns in homicides through victim-offender relationships 致命的联系：通过受害者与罪犯的关系来探索杀人案件中的尸体处理模式

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103856

April Miin Miin Chai , D. Kim Rossmo , Yongmei Lu

Delayed recovery of homicide victims’ bodies poses a risk of losing crucial evidence. Body disposal sites are critical for investigations, yet existing research has mainly focused on them as a sub-category. Through an environmental criminology approach, the purpose of this research is to conduct an exploratory spatial data analysis to examine the spatial patterns of known body disposal sites as they relate to victim-offender relationships. A sample of 743 homicide cases sourced from the Homicide Investigation Tracking System (HITS) database was used in this study. Spatial patterns of known body disposal sites in Washington state were examined utilizing ArcGIS mapping and spatial statistics. Results showed significant clustering of body disposal sites within five counties in Washington State. Victims with an intimate relationship to the offender were disposed of closest to where they were last seen, often with signs of attempts to destroy evidence. In stranger-related cases, bodies were typically found farthest from major cities in remote wooded areas but were discovered sooner. Sex worker victims were disposed of farthest from their last known location and took the longest to be discovered. The implications of spatial factors and victim-offender relationships, and understanding how offenders select disposal sites—whether in residential, remote, or accessible locations—are discussed in relation to investigative efforts.

谋杀受害者尸体的延迟恢复有可能丢失关键证据。尸体处置地点是调查的关键，但现有的研究主要集中在他们作为一个子类。通过环境犯罪学方法，本研究的目的是进行探索性的空间数据分析，以研究已知尸体处置地点的空间模式，因为它们与受害者-罪犯关系有关。本研究使用了来自凶杀调查跟踪系统（HITS）数据库的743起凶杀案件样本。利用ArcGIS制图和空间统计对华盛顿州已知尸体处置地点的空间格局进行了研究。结果显示，在华盛顿州的五个县内，尸体处理地点明显聚集。与罪犯有亲密关系的受害者被处置在离他们最后一次出现的地方最近的地方，通常有企图销毁证据的迹象。在与陌生人有关的案件中，尸体通常是在远离大城市的偏远林区被发现的，但发现得更快。性工作者的受害者被丢弃的地点离他们最后一次出现的地点最远，也花了最长的时间才被发现。空间因素和受害者-犯罪者关系的影响，以及了解犯罪者如何选择处置地点-无论是在住宅，偏远还是可到达的地点-讨论了与调查工作有关的问题。

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引用次数: 0

Variety of external knowledge and industrial upgrading: Evidence from Chinese semiconductor industry 外部知识多样性与产业升级：来自中国半导体产业的证据

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103850

Shengjun Zhu , Xudong Zhang , Wenwan Jin , Wenqing Li

External knowledge serves as a critical source of industrial upgrading, yet existing research rarely examines the heterogeneity within the external knowledge set. Using customs transaction-level data, industrial survey, and patent data of the Chinese semiconductor industry (2000–2013), this paper shows that regional access to unrelated external knowledge facilitates the downstream firms to produce end-consumer products. Such access enables these firms to broaden their knowledge base, meet diverse market demands, and achieve upgrading. In contrast, related external knowledge is more advantageous for upstream firms involved in technology-intensive production. These findings indicate that not all external knowledge uniformly contributes to local firm upgrading; rather, its impact is conditioned by firms’ local product structure and positions within the value chain. By highlighting the complex composition of external knowledge, this study offers new insights into the upgrading of high-tech industry and the intersection of EEG, GVC, and innovation studies.

外部知识是产业升级的重要来源，但现有研究很少考察外部知识集内部的异质性。本文利用2000-2013年中国半导体产业的海关交易数据、产业调查数据和专利数据，表明区域获取不相关的外部知识有利于下游企业生产终端消费产品。这种准入使这些企业能够扩大知识基础，满足多样化的市场需求，实现升级。相反，相关外部知识对从事技术密集型生产的上游企业更有利。研究结果表明，并非所有的外部知识都有助于本地企业的升级；相反，其影响取决于企业在当地的产品结构和价值链中的位置。通过突出外部知识的复杂构成，本研究对高技术产业升级以及脑电图、全球价值链和创新研究的交叉研究提供了新的见解。

引用次数: 0

Deciphering the causes of getting lost in complex urban space: A multi-scale examination of spatial environmental indicators using multi-source data 解读复杂城市空间中迷路的原因：基于多源数据的空间环境指标的多尺度检验

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103854

Lin Yang , Mingxia Luo , Zejun Zuo , Mei-Po Kwan , Daping Xi , Bo Wan , Shunping Zhou

Getting lost in complex urban environments is common, yet the environmental determinants of the risk of getting lost (RGL) remain poorly quantified. This study develops a multi-scale, data-driven framework that links local visual–perceptual attributes (e.g., sky visibility, scene openness, pedestrian density) with global spatial–structural metrics (e.g., road curvature, road type, land-use pattern) derived from multi-source geospatial data and image semantic segmentation. Using 3303 easy-to-get-lost (E2G) locations and 3303 matched easy-to-navigate (E2N) locations across six urban context types, we employ random forest regression to identify key environmental correlates of RGL. Results reveal strong context dependence alongside consistent cross-cutting mechanisms. In tourist areas, RGL is primarily driven by road curvature and mitigated by higher sky visibility. In transportation hubs, road type, curvature, and building density elevate RGL, whereas clearer guidance signage and more concentrated land use have protective effects. In cultural and business districts, pedestrian density is the dominant driver, with additional amplification from complex road geometry and fine-grained functional mixing. In residential areas, higher sky visibility and scene openness systematically reduce RGL, while greater building density and road curvature increase it. Across contexts, open, legible vistas are generally associated with lower RGL, whereas crowding and path complexity increase disorientation. The proposed framework achieves a peak predictive accuracy of 0.759 in transportation hubs. Although non-causal, these relationships provide an actionable evidence base for embedding wayfinding legibility into transport and urban design, emphasizing visual openness, simplified layouts, demand management, and standardized guidance to support more navigable and sustainable cities.

在复杂的城市环境中迷路是很常见的，但迷路风险的环境决定因素（RGL）仍然缺乏量化。本研究开发了一个多尺度、数据驱动的框架，将局部视觉感知属性（如天空能见度、场景开放性、行人密度）与全球空间结构指标（如道路曲率、道路类型、土地利用模式）联系起来，这些指标来自多源地理空间数据和图像语义分割。利用6种城市背景类型中的3303个易迷路（E2G）地点和3303个匹配的易导航（E2N）地点，我们采用随机森林回归来识别RGL的关键环境相关因素。结果揭示了强烈的上下文依赖以及一致的横切机制。在旅游区，RGL主要由道路曲率驱动，并因较高的天空能见度而减弱。在交通枢纽，道路类型、曲率和建筑密度提高了RGL，而更清晰的引导标志和更集中的土地利用则具有保护作用。在文化区和商务区，行人密度是主要驱动力，复杂的道路几何形状和细粒度的功能混合也会带来额外的放大。在居住区，更高的天空能见度和场景开放性系统地降低了RGL，而更大的建筑密度和道路曲率则增加了RGL。在不同的环境中，开阔、清晰的视野通常与较低的RGL相关，而拥挤和路径复杂性会增加定向障碍。该框架在交通枢纽的峰值预测精度为0.759。虽然没有因果关系，但这些关系为在交通和城市设计中嵌入寻路易读性提供了可操作的证据基础，强调视觉开放性、简化布局、需求管理和标准化指导，以支持更通航和可持续的城市。

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引用次数: 0

Does the digitalization of hometowns promote return migrants’ entrepreneurship? Empirical evidence from panel data for China 家乡数字化是否促进了返乡务工人员创业？来自中国面板数据的经验证据

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103855

Jiangbin Yin , Guixiang Yi , Ruiguang Ma , Le Chen , Shuhan Yang

Increased return migration and digitalization have opened up new opportunities for growth in rural areas and narrowed the urban-rural divide. However, there is still a lack of empirical evidence regarding the effect of regional digitalization on the entrepreneurship among return migrants. Based on the 2010–2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data and regional digitalization data, we explore the impact of digitalization in hometowns on return migrants' entrepreneurial decisions and its internal mechanism by using a panel modelling approach. we find that the level of digitalization in the hometown is significantly associated with an increased likelihood of returnee entrepreneurship, and the findings are robust, which reflect a potential promoting effect based on our causal identification design. Specifically, regional digitalization is linked to a higher entrepreneurial probability mainly through potential channels of promoting internet use and alleviating financing constraints, while the impact of improving government administration is not tested. The study also finds that the impact of digitalization on returnee entrepreneurship varies across individuals and regions. Our findings have important implications for research and practice on rural entrepreneurship in the digital era.

回流人口和数字化的增加为农村地区的发展提供了新的机遇，缩小了城乡差距。然而，关于区域数字化对返乡农民工创业的影响，目前还缺乏实证证据。基于2010-2018年中国家庭面板研究（China Family Panel Studies， CFPS）数据和区域数字化数据，采用面板建模方法，探讨了数字化对返乡农民工创业决策的影响及其内在机制。研究发现，归国数字化水平与海归创业的可能性显著相关，且结果稳健，反映了基于因果识别设计的潜在促进效应。具体而言，区域数字化主要通过促进互联网使用和缓解融资约束的潜在渠道与更高的创业概率相关联，而改善政府管理的影响尚未得到检验。研究还发现，数字化对海归创业的影响因个人和地区而异。研究结果对数字时代农村创业的研究与实践具有重要启示意义。

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引用次数: 0

Will remote work drive a new wave of suburbanisation in Poland? Analysing the relocation preferences of Polish office employees 远程工作是否会在波兰掀起新一轮的郊区化浪潮？分析波兰办公室员工的搬迁偏好

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103848

Sławomir Kuźmar , Beata Woźniak-Jęchorek , David Bole

This study assesses how the growing availability of working from home (WFH) shapes office employees' preferences to move to the suburbs and pinpoints potential factors that drive those intentions. We focus on Poland, where the housing market is shaped by exceptionally high home-ownership rates and specific suburbanisation patterns. We surveyed city-dwelling office employees (living in municipalities of 100,000 or more) to gauge their willingness to relocate. Logistic-regression estimates then linked those intentions to respondents’ demographics, job attributes, commuting patterns, and WFH and on-site work-related factors. The results indicate that preference for remote work, its perceived impact on productivity, and private-sector employment are the strongest predictors of relocation willingness, while older age and high commuting convenience reduce such interest. Overall, the evidence suggests that remote work, especially in hybrid form, could become an additional catalyst for suburban expansion in markets characterised by scarce affordable rentals and a strong preference for home ownership, such as Poland.

这项研究评估了越来越多的在家工作（WFH）是如何影响办公室员工搬到郊区工作的偏好的，并指出了推动这些意愿的潜在因素。我们将重点放在波兰，那里的住房市场受到极高的住房拥有率和特定的郊区化模式的影响。我们调查了居住在城市的办公室员工（居住在10万以上的城市），以评估他们搬迁的意愿。然后，逻辑回归估计将这些意图与受访者的人口统计、工作属性、通勤模式、WFH和现场工作相关因素联系起来。结果表明，对远程工作的偏好、对生产率的感知影响和私营部门就业是迁移意愿的最强预测因素，而年龄较大和通勤便利程度高则会降低这种兴趣。总的来说，有证据表明，远程工作，特别是混合形式的远程工作，可能成为郊区扩张的额外催化剂，这些市场的特点是负担得起的租金稀缺，以及对自有住房的强烈偏好，比如波兰。

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引用次数: 0

The regional environmental benefits and heterogeneity of eco-innovation networks: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China 生态创新网络的区域环境效益与异质性：来自中国长江经济带的证据

IF 5.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Applied Geography

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103851

Yang Yang , Yi Guo , Senlin Hu , Erling Li , Wei Zhao , Gang Zeng

Constructing Eco-Innovation networks is an effective way to improve innovation capabilities and drive high-quality development. It constructs an indicator system for measuring the environmental benefits of cities at the prefecture level. We quantitatively measure the environmental benefits of cities using the super-efficiency SBM model. Using the PVAR model, we explore the long-term dynamic relationship between eco-Innovation networks and urban environmental benefits. The analysis finds that: ①For core node cities in the eco-Innovation networks, the network has a positive impact on their environmental benefits, but this effect is irregular in the long term. The positive effect of environmental benefits from core node cities on the eco-Innovation networks is weak, smaller than the impact of the networks on the environmental benefits of core node cities. ②For sub-core node cities in the eco-Innovation networks, the network has a strong and sustained positive impact on their environmental benefits, and this impact deepens over time. However, the environmental benefits of sub-core node cities have a short-term negative impact on the eco-Innovation networks. ③For peripheral node cities in the eco-Innovation networks, there is a small mutual promotion between the networks and the environmental benefits of peripheral cities, with both maintaining stability and having minimal mutual influence.

构建生态创新网络是提高创新能力、推动高质量发展的有效途径。构建了地级城市环境效益测度指标体系。本文采用超效率SBM模型对城市环境效益进行了定量度量。利用PVAR模型，探讨了生态创新网络与城市环境效益之间的长期动态关系。分析发现：①对于生态创新网络中的核心节点城市，网络对其环境效益有正向影响，但这种影响在长期内是不规律的。核心节点城市环境效益对生态创新网络的正向影响较弱，小于核心节点城市环境效益对生态创新网络的正向影响。②对于生态创新网络中的子核心节点城市，生态创新网络对其环境效益具有强烈而持续的正向影响，且随着时间的推移，这种影响不断加深。然而，次核心节点城市的环境效益对生态创新网络具有短期的负面影响。③对于生态创新网络中的周边节点城市，生态创新网络与周边城市环境效益之间存在较小的相互促进作用，二者均保持稳定，相互影响最小。

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引用次数: 0